Experimental characterisation of dual-mass vibration energy harvesters employing velocity amplification

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (20) ◽  
pp. 2810-2826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Frizzell ◽  
Gerard Kelly ◽  
Francesco Cottone ◽  
Elisabetta Boco ◽  
Valeria Nico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Battery Technology

Vibration energy harvesting extracts energy from the environment and can mitigate reliance on battery technology in wireless sensor networks. This article presents the nonlinear responses of two multi-mass vibration energy harvesters that employ a velocity amplification effect. This amplification is achieved by momentum transfer from larger to smaller masses following impact between masses. Two systems are presented that show the evolution of multi-mass vibration energy harvester designs: (1) a simplified prototype that effectively demonstrates the basic principles of the approach and (2) an enhanced design that achieves higher power densities and a wider frequency response. Various configurations are investigated to better understand the nonlinear dynamics and how best to realise future velocity-amplified vibration energy harvesters. The frequency responses of the multi-mass harvesters show that these devices have the potential to reduce risks associated with deploying vibration energy harvester devices in wireless sensor network applications; the wide frequency response reduces the need to re-tune the harvesters following frequency variations of the source vibrations.

Trends of MEMS-Based Vibration Energy Harvester

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 1251-1256
Author(s):  
Bing Mo ◽  
Rong Hai Huang ◽  
Rui Min Huang ◽  
Chao Dong Ling ◽  
Huo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Prospective Development ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Micro Vibration

Micro vibration energy harvesters have received much attention due to their potential application of low power wireless sensor networks and embedded systems. This paper studies three mechanisms to scavenge the ambient vibration energy, discusses the power management circuit and the application of the converter, investigates the prospective development and ongoing challenges in MEMS-based vibration energy harvester.

Modeling of Rotating Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters with Nonlinear Magnetic Forces

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 1457-1460
Author(s):  
Bin Guo ◽  
Zhong Sheng Chen ◽  
Cong Cong Cheng ◽  
Yong Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Lagrange’S Equation ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

A methodology of rotating vibration energy harvesting with nonlinear magnetic forces is studied in this paper. A mathematical model of rotating piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters with nonlinear magnetic forces is built by the Lagrange’s equation and assumed-modes method. The nonlinear model is solved by numerical methods. Then the effects of distance between two magnets are studied. The results demonstrate that the performance of rotating piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with nonlinear magnetic force is better than traditional linear ones when the distance between two magnets is appropriate.

scholarly journals Real world assessment of an auto-parametric electromagnetic vibration energy harvester

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jia ◽  
Jize Yan ◽  
Sijun Du ◽  
Tao Feng ◽  
Paul Fidler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Resonance ◽  
Real World ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Sinusoidal Input ◽  
Micro Electromechanical System

The convention within the field of vibration energy harvesting has revolved around designing resonators with natural frequencies that match single fixed frequency sinusoidal input. However, real world vibrations can be random, multi-frequency, broadband and time-varying in nature. Building upon previous work on auto-parametric resonance, this fundamentally different resonant approach can harness vibration from multiple axes and has the potential to achieve higher power density as well as wider frequency bandwidth. This article presents the power response of a packaged auto-parametric VEH prototype (practical operational volume of ∼126 cm−3) towards various real world vibration sources including vibration of a bridge, a compressor motor as well as an automobile. At auto-parametric resonance (driven at 23.5 Hz and 1 g rms), the prototype can output a peak of 78.9 mW and 4.5 Hz of −3dB bandwidth. Furthermore, up to ∼1 mW of average power output was observed from the harvester on the Forth Road Bridge. The harvested electrical energy from various real world sources were used to power up a power conditioning circuit, a wireless sensor mote, a micro-electromechanical system accelerometer and other low-power sensors. This demonstrates the concept of self-sustaining vibration powered wireless sensor systems in real world scenarios, to potentially realise maintenance-free autonomous structural health and condition monitoring.

Modelling of Mechanical Nonlinearity in an Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester Using a Forced Duffing Equation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Moss ◽  
L. A. Vandewater ◽  
S. C. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Homotopy Analysis ◽  
Wire Coil

This work reports on the modelling and experimental validation of a bi-axial vibration energy harvesting approach that uses a permanent-magnet/ball-bearing arrangement and a wire-coil transducer. The harvester’s behaviour is modelled using a forced Duffing oscillator, and the primary first order steady state resonant solutions are found using the homotopy analysis method (or HAM). Solutions found are shown to compare well with measured bearing displacements and harvested output power, and are used to predict the wideband frequency response of this type of vibration energy harvester. A prototype harvesting arrangement produced a maximum output power of 12.9 mW from a 12 Hz, 500 milli-g (or 4.9 m/s2) rms excitation.

An enhanced performance of a horizontal diamagnetic levitation mechanism–based vibration energy harvester for low frequency applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Vikram Palagummi ◽  
Fuh-Gwo Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Diamagnetic Levitation

This article identifies and studies key parameters that characterize a horizontal diamagnetic levitation mechanism–based low frequency vibration energy harvester with the aim of enhancing performance metrics such as efficiency and volume figure of merit. The horizontal diamagnetic levitation mechanism comprises three permanent magnets and two diamagnetic plates. Two of the magnets, lifting magnets, are placed co-axially at a distance such that each attracts a centrally located magnet, floating magnet, to balance its weight. This floating magnet is flanked closely by two diamagnetic plates which stabilize the levitation in the axial direction. The influence of the geometry of the floating magnet, the lifting magnet, and the diamagnetic plate is parametrically studied to quantify their effects on the size, stability of the levitation mechanism, and the resonant frequency of the floating magnet. For vibration energy harvesting using the horizontal diamagnetic levitation mechanism, a coil geometry and eddy current damping are critically discussed. Based on the analysis, an efficient experimental system is setup which showed a softening frequency response with an average system efficiency of 25.8% and a volume figure of merit of 0.23% when excited at a root mean square acceleration of 0.0546 m/s2 and at a frequency of 1.9 Hz.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Structural Optimization of a Bistable Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Qichang Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jianxin Han ◽  
Xiaoli Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Electromagnetic Vibration ◽  
Magnetic Spring ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Nonlinear Galerkin Method ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A novel bistable electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (BEMH) is constructed and optimized in this study, based on a nonlinear system consisting mainly of a flexible membrane and a magnetic spring. A large-amplitude transverse vibration equation of the system is established with the general nonlinear geometry and magnetic force. Firstly, the mathematical model, considering the higher-order nonlinearities given by nonlinear Galerkin method, is applied to a membrane with a co-axial magnet mass and magnetic spring. Secondly, the steady vibration response of the membrane subjected to a harmonic base motion is obtained, and then the output power considering electromagnetic effect is analytically derived. On this basis, a parametric study in a broad frequency domain has been achieved for the BEMH with different radius ratios and membrane thicknesses. It is demonstrated that model predictions are both in close agreement with results from the finite element simulation and experiment data. Finally, the proposed efficient solution method is used to obtain an optimizing strategy for the design of multi-stable energy harvesters with the similar flexible structure.

On Mathematical Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Qing Shang ◽  
Hong Bing Wang ◽  
Chun Hua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

Energy harvesting system has become one of important areas of ​​research and develops rapidly. How to improve the performance of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is a key issue in engineering applications. There are many literature on piezoelectric energy harvesting. The paper places focus on summarizing these literature of mathematical modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesting, ranging from the linear to nonlinear, from early a single mechanical degree to piezoaeroelastic problems.

Multi-Modal Vibration Energy Harvesting Using a Trapezoidal Plate

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa H. Arafa
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Trapezoidal Plate ◽  
Plate Geometry ◽  
Modal Vibration

Vibration-based energy harvesters are usually designed to exhibit natural frequencies that match those of the excitation for maximum power output. This has spurred interest into the design of devices that respond to variable frequency sources. In this work, an electromagnetic energy harvester in the form of a base excited trapezoidal plate is proposed. The plate geometry is designed to achieve two closely spaced vibration modes in order to harvest energy across a broader bandwidth. The ensuing bending and twisting vibrations are utilized in this capacity by placing a magnet on the plate tip that moves past a stationary coil. A dynamic model is presented to predict the system performance and is verified experimentally.

Energy Harvesting Performance of Vertically Staggered Rectangle-Through-Holes Cantilever in Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Gao ◽  
Hongrui Ao ◽  
Hongyuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

Abstract Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technology has attracted significant attention for its applications in integrated circuits, microelectronic devices, and wireless sensors due to high power density, easy integration, simple configuration, and other outstanding features. Among piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting structures, the cantilevered beam is one of the simplest and most commonly used structures. In this work, a vertically staggered rectangle-through-holes (VS-RTH) cantilevered model is proposed, which focuses on the multi-directional vibration collection. To verify the output performance of the device, this paper employs basic materials and fabrication methods with mathematical modeling. The simulations are conducted through finite element methods to discuss the properties of VS-RTH energy harvester on resonant frequency and output characteristics. Besides, an energy storage circuit is adopted as a collection system. It can achieve a maximum voltage of 4.5 V which is responded to the harmonic vibrating input of 1 N force and 1 m/s2 in a single vibrating direction. Moreover, the power density is 2.596 W/cm3 with a 100 kΩ resistor. It is almost four times better than the output of unidirectional cantilever beam with similar resonant frequency and volume. According to the more functionality in the applications, VS-RTH energy harvester can be used in general vibration acquisition of machines and vehicles. Except for electricity storage, the harvester can potentially employ as a sensor to monitor the diversified physical signals for smooth operation and emergence reports. Looking forward, the VS-RTH harvester renders an effective approach toward decomposing the vibration directions in the environment for further complicating vibration applications.

Heartbeat Energy Harvesting Using the Fan-Folded Piezoelectric Beam Geometry

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Ansari ◽  
M. Amin Karami
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam

A three dimensional piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is designed to generate electricity from heartbeat vibrations. The device consists of several bimorph piezoelectric beams stacked on top of each other. These horizontal bimorph beams are connected to each other by rigid vertical beams making a fan-folded geometry. One end of the design is clamped and the other end is free. One major problem in micro-scale piezoelectric energy harvesters is their high natural frequency. The same challenge is faced in development of a compact vibration energy harvester for the low frequency heartbeat vibrations. One way to decrease the natural frequency is to increase the length of the bimorph beam. This approach is not usually practical due to size limitations. By utilizing the fan-folded geometry, the natural frequency is decreased while the size constraints are observed. The required size limit of the energy harvester is 1 cm by 1 cm by 1 cm. In this paper, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of fan-folded energy harvesters are analytically derived. The electro-mechanical coupling has been included in the model for the piezoelectric beam. The design criteria for the device are discussed.

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