A review of charge methods for driving piezoelectric actuators

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2096-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Bazghaleh ◽  
Steven Grainger ◽  
Morteza Mohammadzaheri
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Actuator ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Core Component ◽  
The Core ◽  
Operating Bandwidth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Attention

Piezoelectric actuators are the most commonly used actuators in nanopositioning. They provide excellent operating bandwidth and precision. These actuators are normally driven by voltage amplifiers; however, the relationship of the applied voltage on the actuator and its position is nonlinear and complex due to phenomena such as hysteresis. This adversely influences actuator’s position control which is the core component of nanopositioning. However, the electrical charge applied on a piezoelectric actuator has a significantly less complex relationship with its position. As a result, driving piezoelectric actuators with charge amplifiers has attracted significant attention. In this article, charge driving methods are classified, and their advantages, major issues and the solutions to these issues are critically reviewed.

The relationship of magnates and the szlachta of the Great Principality/Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Russia in 1733

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Мацук
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grand Duchy

В статье исследуются события бескоролевья 1733 г. в Речи Посполитой. Согласно «трактату Левенвольде» компромиссным кандидатом на избрание монархом Речи Посполитой был португальский инфант дон Мануэль, которого предложила Австрия. Россия больше склонялась к кандидатуре «пяста». Россия оказалась не подготовленной к началу бескоролевья. Бывшие российские союзники магнаты ВКЛ рассорились с российским послом Фридрихом Казимиром Левенвольде и перешли на сторону Франции. В конце февраля 1733 г. в ВКЛ направили Юрия Ливена, который от имени российской царицы предложил поддержку в получении короны Михаилу Вишневецкому и Павлу Сангушке. Принятое на конвокационном сейме решение об избрании королем «пяста» и католика показало популярность Станислава Лещинского. В результате вслед за Австрией Россия поддержала кандидатом на корону Фридриха Августа. Магнаты ВКЛ до последнего оставались конкурентами о короне. Оппозиция Лещинскому объединилась под лозунгом защиты «вольного выбора» и поэтому в ней остались кандидаты «пясты», которые не могли уступить друг другу, и согласились на компромисс – кандидатуру Фридриха Августа. Для противодействия возможному избранию Лещинского Россия создала в ВКЛ новоградскую конфедерацию. Ее организатором стал новоградский воевода Николай Фаустин Радзивилл. Эта конфедерация становится основой Генеральной Варшавской конфедерации, которая 5 октября 1733 г. избирает королем саксонского курфюрста. The article examines the events of the «kingless» year of 1733 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. According to the Levenwolde Treaties the compromise candidate for the Commonwealth’s throne was the Portuguese Infante Don Manuel, who’s candidacy was proposed by Austria. Russia, in turn, leaned towards the «pyasta» candidate. The Russian Empire was clearly unprepared for the start of the kingless period. Russia’s former allies – magnates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – came into conflict with the Russian ambassador Frederick Kazimir Levenwolde and sided with France. In late February of 1733, Empress Anna Ioanovna of Russia sent Yuri Liven to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, who offered official support in the struggle for the crown to Mikhail Vishnevetsky and Pavel Sangushka. The electoral decision made at the Sejm proved the popularity of the «pyast» and Catholic candidates, specifically – Stanislaus Leschinsky. In turn, Russia – following Austria – showed its support for the candidacy of Frederick August. The magnates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania remained in opposition in the crown issue until the very last. Opposition to Leschinsky was united under the motto of «free choice». For that reason, it was comprised of «pyasta» candidates, who were in a deadlock with one another, and were now ready for the compromise candidacy of Frederick Augustus. In order to counter the possible election of Leschinsky, Russia created the Novograd Confederation in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was organized by the Novograd Voevoda Faustin Radzivill. This confederation became the core of the General Warsaw Confederation that – on October 5th 1733 – elected the Saxon King to the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Nature, Nation, Science and Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-347
Author(s):  
Gita Chadha
Keyword(s):  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Mother Goddess ◽  
Indian Scientist ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the equation among nature, nation and gender in the nationalist context. Developing the argument that both nature and nation were feminised and deified as mother and mother goddess in the nationalist context, the article deploys feminist perspectives to critically examine this on a fourth-axis science. By looking at the relationship of the scientist, J. C. Bose, to these categories, the article hopes to unravel the complex relationship of the Indian scientist to nation, nature, gender and science. It is argued that due to being a ‘Sakta’, Bose had a symbiotic relationship to nature, and consequently to science, thereby presenting an ‘alternative’ to Western modes of relating to science and nature. The article submits that this alternative was cast in patriarchal constructions of both science and nature and views the associations of mother with nation and nature within larger feminist critiques of science. The article submits that while these sleeping metaphors set an alternative paradigm to the Western modes of relating to nature through science, they reproduced patriarchal constructions of the same. The article is an effort at grafting feminist perspectives on (a) science and (b) nationalism with postcolonial perspectives on science and modernity.

scholarly journals Migrants and 'Patria'. The imagined community of the radical left in Spain

Teknokultura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Lobera
Keyword(s):  
Radical Right ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Constitutional Patriotism ◽  
The Core ◽  
The People ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Radical Left

The emergence of inclusive populist parties disputes the social construction of the ‘people’ to the exclusive populism, recently generating new academic debates. Do the new radical left parties have a nationalist character? Are populism and nationalism two inseparable dimensions? Drawing on an original dataset in Spain, this article shows that Podemos’ supporters are significantly less nationalist, expressing more open attitudes towards cultural diversity and immigration, and lower levels of Spanishness than voters from other parties. Arguably, Podemos operates as an antagonistic political option to the traditional positions of the populist radical right (PRR), building an inclusive imagined community around a type of constitutional patriotism or republican populism. These findings contribute to the scholar debate on the relationship of nationalism and populism, bringing to discussion the core values of the supporters of a populist party as a complementary element to its categorization.

scholarly journals Migration and Citizenship in “Athens of Crisis”

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Aris Komporozos-Athanasiou ◽  
Nina Papachristou
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this interview with UCL’s Aris Komporozos-Athanasiou, Lefteris Papagiannakis explains his role as Athens’ vice mayor for migrants and refugees. He discusses the city’s responses to the arrival of thousands of refugees and migrants in the last few years. He reflects on the complex relationship of the municipality of Athens with non-government support networks, such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs), international organizations, as well as autonomous local activists, in providing support services to migrants. Papagiannakis also addresses how Athens negotiates its support for these groups in the current European anti-immigrant climate, and the relationship between the Greek economic crisis and the so-called “refugee crisis.”

Multi-Radius Density Clustering Algorithm Based on Outlier Factor

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 427-431
Author(s):  
Zong Lin Ye ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
Li Xin Jia ◽  
Yan Bin Zhang ◽  
Gang Quan Si
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dbscan Algorithm ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Density Clustering ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Core Points ◽  
The Relationship

This paper proposes a novel multi-radius density clustering algorithm based on outlier factor. The algorithm first calculates the density-similar-neighbor-based outlier factor (DSNOF) for each point in the dataset according to the relationship of the density of the point and its neighbors, and then treats the point whose DSNOF is smaller than 1 as a core point. Second, the core points are used for clustering by the similar process of the density based spatial clustering application with noise (DBSCAN) to get some sub-clusters. Third, the proposed algorithm merges the obtained sub-clusters into some clusters. Finally, the points whose DSNOF are larger than 1 are assigned into these clusters. Experiments are performed on some real datasets of the UCI Machine Learning Repository and the experiments results verify that the effectiveness of the proposed model is higher than the DBSCAN algorithm and k-means algorithm and would not be affected by the parameter greatly.

Do Not Forbid Nietzsche to Minors: On Deleuze's Symptomatological Thought

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-566
Author(s):  
Paolo Vignola
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
The Core ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
Relationship Of

The paper aims to describe the stakes of a Nietzschean influence on Deleuze's reflections on the transcendental and conversely to highlight the Deleuzian operation of politicising Nietzsche by ‘minorising’ him. In order to further understand such a complex relationship of becoming between Deleuze and Nietzsche, the first objective of the paper is to focus on active and reactive forces, which seem to be the core of this very relation. Thus, the paper suggests that micropolitics has its conditions of possibility in the Nietzschean corpus and, in particular, in the symptomatology of decadence, resentment and nihilism. In this sense, now the title of the paper reveals its meaning: the whole Deleuzian operation could be summarised as the passage from the criticism and questioning of an image of Nietzsche ‘forbidden to minors’ (especially for its presumed political dangerousness and alleged discrediting of minorities), typical of the interpretations of the first half of the twentieth century, to a becoming-minor of these very same Nietzschean concepts. It is precisely through such a becoming-minor that Nietzsche's diagnosis and concepts are translated in a political and emancipatory key, in order to give power to minorities.

scholarly journals How Should We Think about the Winners and Losers from Globalization? A Reply to Nicolas Lamp

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1399-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Hoekman ◽  
Douglas Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Analytical Foundation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Do So

Abstract How should we think about the winners and losers from globalization? What role can narrative analysis play in doing so? We argue that to be useful, identifying politically relevant narratives on the distributional effects of globalization, and the role played by trade agreements in fostering such effects, must have an empirical basis. Characterizing different narratives and inferring from each the implications for the (re-)design of international agreements without analysis whether the suggested policy reforms will help losers from globalization does not advance matters. Effectively employed, narrative analysis can extend our knowledge of the politics of trade and policy towards globalization more generally. To do so, it must have an analytical foundation, centre on the relationship of the narrative to the facts, ask which narrative is more persuasive based on empirical evidence and assess whether inferred policy implications will address the core issues of concern to those who employ the narrative.

scholarly journals Mitophagy as a stress response in mammalian cells and in respiring S. cerevisiae

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagai Abeliovich ◽  
Jörn Dengjel
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Autophagic Degradation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Attention

The degradation of malfunctioning or superfluous mitochondria in the lysosome/vacuole is an important housekeeping function in respiring eukaryotic cells. This clearance is thought to occur by a specific form of autophagic degradation called mitophagy, and plays a role in physiological homoeostasis as well as in the progression of late-onset diseases. Although the mechanism of bulk degradation by macroautophagy is relatively well established, the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria has only recently begun to receive significant attention. In this mini-review, we introduce mitophagy as a form of mitochondrial quality control and proceed to provide specific examples from yeast and mammalian systems. We then discuss the relationship of mitophagy to mitochondrial stress, and provide a broad mechanistic overview of the process with an emphasis on evolutionarily conserved pathways.

Freedom without law

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison P Frye
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
The Core ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Untangling the relationship of law and liberty is among the core problems of political theory. One prominent position is that there is no freedom without law. This article challenges the argument that, because law is constitutive of freedom, there is no freedom without law. I suggest that, once properly understood, the argument that law is constitutive of freedom does not uniquely apply to law. It also applies to social norms. What law does for freedom, social norms can do too. Thus, I claim the question facing us is not the easy one of either law or social norms. Respecting this draws attention to the unique risks to our freedom introduced by both sets of norms.

scholarly journals Late Quaternary Ostracode From a Core in the Weddel Sea, Antartica

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBIN WHATLEY ◽  
RAYMOND ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
The Core ◽  
Constituent Species ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Relationship

Fifty-nine samples from a 560cm gravity core of late Quaternary age (PS1003-2), collected at a depth of 2796m in the Weddell Sea, were examined for Ostracoda. The fauna was sparse but, from a total of 556 valves, the rather low diversity fauna of 19 species belonging to 11 genera and 3 families was identified. The study is principally concerned with species diversity, originations and extinctions, inter-relationships between species and the relationship of the fauna to different water masses. With respect to species diversity and origination/extinction patterns, two distinct phases are apparent: an initial diversification (originations only), followed by a phase of overall stable diversity (originations approximately matched by extinctions). The ostracod fauna is closely comparable to that described by authors as typical of North Atlantic Deep Water but is actually from the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). Two of the principal constituent species Henryhowella dasyderma (Brady) and H. asperrima (Ruess) seem to be mutually exclusive within the core. Changes in the fauna through the core seem to be related to climatic cycles.

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