Research on shear stress of electrorheological fluid containing piezoelectric powders

Sinusoidal Voltage ◽

Response Frequency ◽

Experimental Trials ◽

This paper describes experimental trials that were performed to increase the electrorheological (ER) effect in ER fluids (ERFs) by introducing piezoelectric particles (PEPs). Five sample solutions were made using different PEPs, ER powders, and liquids that included ERFs provided with different solutions and silicone oil. The shear stress of each sample was measured by shearing the sample between parallel plate electrodes. Samples containing the PEP showed the same shear stress under steady voltage inputs but showed somewhat higher shear stress under sinusoidal voltage inputs. This suggests that mixtures of the piezoelectric powders (at approximately 5 wt.%) and the ERF may shorten the response time of the ERF to DC inputs or increase the response frequency to AC inputs.

Experimental Research on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Electrorheological Fluid Shock Absorber

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2836 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 594-597 ◽

pp. 2836-2839

Author(s):

Rui Wang ◽

Yi Chun Wang ◽

Chao Qing Feng ◽

Fei Zhou

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Shock Absorber ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽

Electric Voltage ◽

Abstract：In order to study the thermal conductivity of ER in shock absorber, the AL2O3 and TiO2 ultrafine particles silicone oil ER are prepared to the different weights and been researched by experiment. Experiment result indicated: in the 5 mm scope of the electrode plank, the voltage from zero to three thousand, the thermal conductivity of ER fluids go up linear with the voltage growing, but the range is smaller; from three thousand to four thousand and five hundred voltage, the thermal conductivity of ER fluids go up with the voltage quickly. Under the high electric voltage, the ultrafine particles are polarized, the plus and minus particles are drawn each other, the particles are put in order and increasing the thermal conductivity.

14th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise: Intelligent Structures, Materials, and Vibrations ◽

Simulated Behavior of a System With Base Excitation Using an Electrorheological Fluid Damper

10.1115/detc1993-0153 ◽

1993 ◽

Author(s):

Paul N. Rieder ◽

John A. Tichy

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Electric Field ◽

Vibration Isolation ◽

Fluid Model ◽

Isolation System ◽

Yield Shear Stress ◽

Linear Behavior ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Abstract The flow properties of electrorheological (ER) fluids change with the application of an electric field. Presently, these materials are a novelty with few direct applications, but they have drawn considerable interest. Proposed applications include lubricants, dampers, clutches, brakes, etc. Existing ER fluids are best described by the Bingham fluid model. The Bingham material is described by two parameters, a yield shear stress and a viscosity. When the shear stress magnitude exceeds the yield shear stress, quasi-Newtonian flow results; otherwise the material is rigid. For many ER fluids, the yield shear stress is proportional to the square of the applied electric field. In the present study, the Bingham model is applied to a rectangular flow channel. A rigid core forms midway across the film, the core thickness being proportional to the yield shear stress. The damper force is predicted as a function of a dimensionless parameter which depends on the yield shear stress, the flow rate, and channel geometry. Calculations are performed for a simple vibration isolation system. Such a system may represent a smart shock absorber to minimize vibration response to oscillation input from a bumpy road. The ER damper is shown to be effective in isolating vibration within a band of linear behavior.

EFFECT OF RARE EARTH SUBSTITUTION ON ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TiO2

10.1142/s0217979202012384 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (17n18) ◽

pp. 2371-2377 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

X. P. ZHAO ◽

J. B. YIN ◽

L. Q. XIANG ◽

Q. ZHAO

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Rare Earth ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

New Class ◽

Dc Electric Field ◽

Er Fluids ◽

Er Fluid ◽

Electrorheological Properties ◽

Rare Earth Substitution

This paper describes a new class of water-free electrorheological (ER) fluids based on nonaqueous doped TiO 2 with rare earth (RE) in silicone oil. The thermal character and crystal structure of these materials are investigated with DSC, TG and XRD. The doped TiO 2 crystals possess anatase phase and their lattice spacing varies significantly with the content of rare earth. The rheological measurements show that the doped TiO 2 ER fluid exhibits an obviously higher shear stress than that of pure TiO 2 ER fluid under dc electric field. Especially, substitution with 10mol% cerium or 8mol% lanthanum for Ti can obtain a relatively high shear stress. On the basis of dielectric and conduction measurements, we preliminarily discuss the influence of the doping of rare earth on ER effects of TiO 2.

Pressure Response of ER Fluids between Two Parallel-Plate Electrodes

10.1142/s021797929900196x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (14n16) ◽

pp. 1917-1924 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tetsuhiro Tsukiji ◽

Ken-Ichi Hori

Keyword(s):

Pressure Drop ◽

Electric Fields ◽

Parallel Plate ◽

High Speed ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Excitation Frequency ◽

Video Camera ◽

Sine Wave ◽

High Speed Video Camera ◽

The frequency response of the pressure drop of the ER fluids between two parallel-plate electrodes to sine-wave changes in the applied electric field is investigated for constant flow rates. The electrodes gap is set at 2mm. The ER fluids used in the present study consist of cellulose suspended in silicone oil. Unipolar and bipolar sinusoidal electric fields, and constant ones are used. The frequency of the electric fields is changed from 0.1 to 1000Hz. The averages and the amplitudes of the pressure drop are measured. Dependence of the pressure drop on electrical excitation frequency is investigated. Furthermore the microscopic behavior of ER suspension structure between two fixed electrodes is visualized for the flowing ER fluids with high speed video camera under application of the electric fields. The effect of electrical change on the pressure drop is discussed from the results of the flow visualization.

Hysteresis Behaviors of Poly (Naphthalene Quinone) Radical Electrorheological Fluid

10.1142/s0217979299001946 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (14n16) ◽

pp. 1901-1907 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Hyoung J. Choi ◽

Min S. Cho ◽

Myung S. Jhon

Keyword(s):

Shear Rate ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Shear Stresses ◽

Hysteresis Phenomenon ◽

Rate Region ◽

Er Fluids ◽

High Voltage Generator ◽

Er Fluid ◽

Low Shear

As a potential electrorheological(ER) material, poly(naphthalene quinone) radical (PNQR) ER fluid was prepared, and its rheological behavior and hysteresis phenomenon were investigated. PNQR was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts acylation between naphthalene and phthalic anhydride, using zinc chloride as a catalyst at 256°C. A Physica rheometer equipped with a high voltage generator was used to measure the rheological properties of the ER fluids, which were prepared by dispersing PNQR in silicone oil at several particle concentrations. Shear stresses were observed to decrease as shear rate increased in the region of slow deformation rate. It was further found that ER fluid showed different hysteresis behaviors according to the shear rate ranges; thixotropy was observed in the low shear rate region (0.007-0.51/s) and anti-thixotropy in the high shear rate region (0.5-10001/s). Controlled shear stress mode was also applied to observe similar behaviors.

YIELD PROCESS OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUID WITH POLYANILINE PARTICLE

Modern Physics Letters B ◽

10.1142/s0217984994001527 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 08 (25) ◽

pp. 1563-1575 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

KIYOHITO KOYAMA ◽

KEIJI MINAGAWA ◽

TAMOTSU YOSHIDA ◽

NORIYUKI KURAMOTO ◽

KATSUFUMI TANAKA

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Electric Field ◽

Particle Concentration ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Yield Behavior ◽

Wide Range ◽

Dc Electric Field ◽

Er Fluid ◽

Flow Experiments

Electrorheological behaviors of polyaniline/silicone oil suspension were observed by using a modified Couette type rheometer with high resolution for shear stress. The yield behaviors were examined over a wide range of shear strain. The storage modulus and loss tangent were determined under a constant dc electric field. It was clarified that the polyaniline-based ER fluid yields two different strain amplitudes, i.e. about 1% and 50%. The stress-strain curves obtained from shear flow experiments also suggested the existence of two-step yield process. The yield process was found to be dependent on the electric field strength and the particle concentration in different manners. The yield behavior observed is discussed in relation to the structure of particle clusters which causes the ER effect.

THE CONDUCTIVITY AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF BATIO3 COATED- PAN BASED ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS

10.1142/s0217979205030396 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (07n09) ◽

pp. 1423-1429 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. H. WEI ◽

J. SHI ◽

Z. Y. LIU ◽

J. G. GUAN ◽

R. Z. YUAN

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Barium Titanate ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Temperature Stability ◽

Electrorheological Fluids ◽

Environment Temperature ◽

Er Fluids ◽

Favorable Temperature ◽

Gel Processing

Coated-PAn particles consisting of polyaniline(PAn) core and barium titanate ( BaTiO 3) shell were synthesized by modified sol-gel processing. The shear stress and current density of the suspensions of Coated-PAn particles and pure PAn particles in silicone oil with a 20vol% were investigated at different conductivity and environment temperature. The dielectric and the conductance behavior of coated PAn particles as a function of temperature we also investigated. The results showed that the ER effect of BaTiO 3 coated PAn particles was far stronger than that of pure polyaniline synthesized by the same method. Meanwhile, the BaTiO 3 coated-PAn particles also showed favorable temperature stability and low current loss at the high electric field, which is rather important for the ER fluids application.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

Shear stress tracking control of an electrorheological fluid considering hysteresis non-linearity

10.1243/095440604322887152 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 218 (2) ◽

pp. 183-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y M Han ◽

S B Choi

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Tracking Control ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Preisach Model ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Model Inversion ◽

Control Robustness ◽

Discrete Manner ◽

Er Fluid

This paper presents shear stress tracking control of an electrorheological (ER) fluid actuator subjected to the hysteresis non-linearity. As a first step, polymethylaniline (PMA) particles are prepared and mixed with silicone oil to make an ER fluid. The Couette-type electroviscometer is employed to achieve the field-dependent shear stress. The Preisach model for the PMA-based ER fluid is identified using experimental first-order descending (FOD) curves. A compensation strategy is then formulated in a discrete manner through the Preisach model inversion to achieve the desired shear stress of the ER fluid. A proportional-intergal-derivative (PID) feedback controller is also integrated with the compensator in order to guarantee control robustness to uncertainty due to temperature-dependent hysteresis variation. The tracking performance of the control strategy is experimentally evaluated for two different desired shear stress trajectories.

Dependence of the shear stress on particle properties in electrorheological fluids

10.1142/s0217979201005465 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (06n07) ◽

pp. 938-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kunquan Lu ◽

Yucheng Lan ◽

Shouqiang Men ◽

Xiaoyu Xu ◽

Zhao Xianpeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Constant ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Ferroelectric Material ◽

Electrorheological Fluids ◽

Particle Properties ◽

Er Fluids ◽

Er Fluid ◽

Curie Temperature Tc

By measuring the shear stress of a ferroelectric particle/silicone oil ER fluid varying with the temperature across Tc, the dependence of ER effect on permittivity mismatch is quantitatively obtained. The dielectric property of ferroelectric material behaves a dramatic change at Curie temperature (Tc) either in the dielectric constant and the conductivity. TGS and KNO 3 ferroelectric particles are chosen for studying the dielectric constant and conductivity dependence of the shear stress in ER fluids respectively. The measured results are more reliable, because the conditions, such as size, shape, composition of particles, especially chemical nature of particles and interface property between particles and liquid, all are same. The available theoretical calculations can not well fit our measured results. In order to consider the properties of whole suspensions, the orientation of the particles with spontaneous polarization under an electric field was studied in advance.