Coupled Electro-Mechanical Analysis of Adaptive Material Systems — Determination of the Actuator Power Consumption and System Energy Transfer

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Liang ◽  
F.P. Sun ◽  
C.A. Rogers
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
D.F. Mayers

Microanalysis by EELS has been developing rapidly and though the general form of the spectrum is now understood there is a need to put the technique on a more quantitative basis (1,2). Certain aspects important for microanalysis include: (i) accurate determination of the partial cross sections, σx(α,ΔE) for core excitation when scattering lies inside collection angle a and energy range ΔE above the edge, (ii) behavior of the background intensity due to excitation of less strongly bound electrons, necessary for extrapolation beneath the signal of interest, (iii) departures from the simple hydrogenic K-edge seen in L and M losses, effecting σx and complicating microanalysis. Such problems might be approached empirically but here we describe how computation can elucidate the spectrum shape.The inelastic cross section differential with respect to energy transfer E and momentum transfer q for electrons of energy E0 and velocity v can be written as


2020 ◽  
Vol 1412 ◽  
pp. 152085
Author(s):  
S Indrajith ◽  
E Erdmann ◽  
J Chiarinelli ◽  
A Domaracka ◽  
M Łabuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Talanta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Menendez-Miranda ◽  
Maria T. Fernandez-Argüelles ◽  
Jose M. Costa-Fernandez ◽  
Rosario Pereiro ◽  
Alfredo Sanz-Medel

2000 ◽  
Vol 275 (47) ◽  
pp. 37048-37054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-hua Li ◽  
Douglas S. Lyles ◽  
Michael J. Thomas ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
Mary G. Sorci-Thomas

2003 ◽  
Vol 491 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marı́a Teresa Fernández-Argüelles ◽  
José M Costa-Fernández ◽  
Rosario Pereiro ◽  
Alfredo Sanz-Medel

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Walsberg ◽  
B Wolf

Determination of animal power consumption by indirect calorimetry relies upon accurate estimation of the thermal equivalent of oxygen consumed or carbon dioxide produced. This estimate is typically based upon measurement or assumption of the respiratory quotient (RQ), the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed. This ratio is used to indicate the mixture of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the metabolic substrate. In this analysis, we report the RQ for two bird species, Passer domesticus and Auriparus flaviceps, under several dietary and fasting regimes. RQ commonly differed substantially from those typically assumed in studies of energy metabolism and often included values below those explainable by current knowledge. Errors that could result from these unexpected RQ values can be large and could present the primary limit to the accuracy of power consumption estimates based upon measurement of carbon dioxide production.


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