Team Roles: A Review and Integration

The concept of roles is ubiquitous in the social sciences, and a number of scholars have examined the operation of roles in task teams. In fact, this research has resulted in a seemingly unlimited number of roles that have been described as relevant to team performance. In this study, we attempt to integrate this research by deriving a model that describes three primary behavioral dimensions that underlie team role behavior: (a) dominance, (b) sociability, and (c) task orientation. Based on this model, we conduct a cluster analysis of the 154 team roles described in previous research. We identify 13 primary team role clusters, and discuss the implications of this approach for gaining further insight into team role structure and performance. We believe this is one step toward speaking a common language in discussing team roles.

Download Full-text

Social Sciences between the Systems: The Ecuadorian University between Science, Education, Politics and Economy

Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics ◽

10.1177/0260107916674075 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 48-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Philipp Altmann

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Social Systems ◽

Education Politics ◽

The Social ◽

Science And Politics ◽

Global North ◽

Self Production ◽

Insight Into ◽

Operative Closure

Universities are, like all organizations, at the intersection of different functional subsystems. They are not only dedicated to research (science) and teaching (education) but are also place for communications that form part of politics, economics and so on. But, what happens to universities, and, more precisely, social sciences in university, if the social system they work in is not differentiated in the way the social sciences in the Global North are used to? What if there is no clear distinction between science and politics? Does academic autonomy lead in this situation to some kind of ‘university as a subsystem’, complete with its own code and autopoiesis? Or will the different subsystems de-differentiate increasingly, as predicted by Luhmann? This contribution will analyse social sciences in Ecuadorian universities as an example for organizations at the intersection of functional systems that are not fully differentiated. The development, the operative closure, the institutionalization and the self-production of a concrete discipline under constant pressure of other social systems will be analysed. The goal is a further insight into processes of differentiation in the Global South and the role of institutions in these processes. Part of this is the attempt to actualize and criticize Niklas Luhmann’s approach of systems theory to regions outside of the Global North. JEL: O300, Z130

Download Full-text

History as inspiration: Tracing Franco-Chinese architectural elements in Hanoi old houses

10.31219/osf.io/4gtxw ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Vu Thi Hanh

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Capital City ◽

Early 20Th Century ◽

Ancient History ◽

Social Sciences And Humanities ◽

Architectural Elements ◽

Research Article ◽

The Social ◽

Networks Analysis ◽

Insight Into

History is written in textbooks but is indubitably remembered through cultural artifacts and architecture. This is particularly the case when one thinks of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, where its thousands of years of ancient history can be found in the old citadels, and more than half a century of French colonialism can be glimpsed in the Old Quarter houses. Many of these structures have survived the brutality of wars and now feed into the nostalgia of French aesthetic. Yet, in what way can we come to gain greater insight into a cultural space where there is an interconnection between religion, house designs, and forms of feeling? One can find an answer to this question in a newly-published scientific research article titled “Cultural evolution in Vietnam's early 20th century: A Bayesian networks analysis of Hanoi Franco-Chinese house designs” in the Social Sciences and Humanities Open journal of Elsevier.

Download Full-text

An Introduction to Audit Studies in the Social Sciences

10.31235/osf.io/e5hfc ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

S. Michael Gaddis

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Social Desirability ◽

Social Desirability Bias ◽

Common Language ◽

Future Directions ◽

Discriminatory Behavior ◽

The Social ◽

History Of

An audit study is a specific type of field experiment primarily used to test for discriminatory behavior when survey and interview questions induce social desirability bias. In this chapter, I first review the language and definitions related to audit studies and encourage adoption of a common language. I then discuss why researchers use the audit method as well as when researchers can and should use this method. Next, I give an overview of the history of audit studies, focusing on major developments and changes in the overall body of work. Finally, I discuss the limitations of correspondence audits and provide some thoughts on future directions.

Download Full-text

Pursuing Salvation on the Playground

Paul Hanly Furfey ◽

10.5422/fordham/9780823276769.003.0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas K. Rademacher

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Sociology Department ◽

Childhood Development ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Christian Tradition ◽

Professional Career ◽

Catholic University ◽

The Social ◽

Catholic University Of America ◽

Insight Into

Paul Hanly Furfey spent his early professional career, from the time of his hire onto the faculty of the sociology department at Catholic University of America to the time just before he took a sabbatical to Germany, emphasizing scientific resources for social reform through childhood development. He promoted the integration of the social sciences and the Christian tradition as a way to effectively socialize children. He believed that the latest psychological and sociological standards provided important insight into child-rearing and that the data provided by these disciplines should be joined to spiritual resources in order to be effective in the more important question of salvation. Children could be raised to honourable adulthood and ultimately merit heaven given a conventional approach to childrearing. He continued his explorations into the place of philosophy and theology in the field of sociology. He challenged a materialist bias in the field while criticizing those who did not pursue their research with adequate rigor.

Download Full-text

Who owns 'culture'?1

Method & Theory in the Study of Religion ◽

10.1163/157006896x00189 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 171-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Thomas Lawson ◽

Robert N. McCauley

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Early Childhood Development ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Childhood Development ◽

Cross Cultural Study ◽

Fieldwork Experience ◽

Cultural Research ◽

The Social ◽

Cross Cultural Research ◽

Insight Into

AbstractNo one owns the concept 'culture'. Anthropology's long-standing proprietary claim on the concept rests on three sorts of contentions - none of which are convincing. Anthropology's overwhelmingly interpretive approaches to cultural materials have led to a preoccupation with the details of cultural materials at the expense of formulating explanatory theories. This has, among other things, rendered fieldwork experience sufficient for professional credentials. However, if the details are all that matter, then comparative and cross-cultural research, as well as most of the social sciences, make no sense. Contrary to this view, it is proposed here that theories reveal which details matter. Cognitive accounts of the sort we advanced in Rethinking Religion (1990) offer a firm theoretical basis for cross-cultural study of religious materials. Other types of research concerning non-human primates, early childhood development, and various social and cognitive impairments also offer insight into culture (without relying on fieldwork studies).

Download Full-text

Developmental Profile of Social Communication: Findings in Typical Developing Greek Children

Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica ◽

10.1159/000511901 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 195-204

Author(s):

Ioannis Vogindroukas ◽

Evripidis Nikolaos Chelas ◽

Nikolaos E. Petridis

Keyword(s):

Social Communication ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Developmental Profile ◽

Typically Developing Children ◽

Therapeutic Goals ◽

Item Questionnaire ◽

The Social ◽

Communication Difficulties ◽

And Performance ◽

Insight Into

Objectives: The Developmental Profile of Social Communication (DPSC) is based on the communication and language development in children with social communication difficulties. DPSC facilitates understanding of the challenges these children face in social interaction, communication, and linguistic development. It utilizes clinician and parent responses to build the developmental profiles of individuals. The profile allows clinicians to determine the therapeutic goals for improved cooperation and communication in various contexts. In addition, it provides insight into the parents’ perspective. The aim of this study is to present the preliminary results of the DPSC in typically developing Greek children. Methods: The DPSC, a 112-item questionnaire, was administered to 357 parents of typically developing children aged 2–7.5 years using a 3-scale rating of answers. It was applied electronically via Google forms, and parents were able to ask for clarification on questions. All answers were categorized and then analyzed under independent variables. Results: Descriptive and hypothesis testing were used to summarize participant characteristics and performance. Findings suggest that children >7.5 years tended to develop most of the rated skills of DPSC adequately. Conclusions: It was determined that the DPSC questionnaire is an easily administered tool that enables the evaluation of the social communication abilities of children of different ages.

Download Full-text

Talking Doping: A Frame Analysis of Communication About Doping Among Talented, Young, Norwegian Road Cyclists

Sociology of Sport Journal ◽

10.1123/ssj.2016-0073 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 195-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Morten Renslo Sandvik ◽

Åse Strandbu ◽

Sigmund Loland

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Frame Analysis ◽

Focus Group Interviews ◽

Hegemonic Discourse ◽

The Social ◽

Road Cyclists ◽

Group Interviews ◽

Complex Phenomena ◽

Everyday Communication ◽

Insight Into

In everyday communication, participants can critically explore their understanding of morally complex phenomena. There has been little effort within the social sciences to provide insight into whether and how athletes communicate among themselves about morally contested topics. This study attempts to fill this gap in the literature. Through focus group interviews and with the help of Goffman’s frame analysis, we explore how a group of young, Norwegian road cyclists communicates about doping. The article demonstrates that this communication is strongly norm-regulated and often appears as brief, assertive, and evasive. We show how the communication reflects a hegemonic discourse of doping as immoral and inexcusable. We conclude that this discourse limits explorative communication and may limit young athletes’ preparation for doping-related dilemmas and social pressures.

Download Full-text

Sound Ethnography

Anthropology ◽

10.1093/obo/9780199766567-0248 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kimberly Powell ◽

Walter Gershon

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Media Studies ◽

Mixed Media ◽

Medical Studies ◽

Physical Sciences ◽

Media Arts ◽

Art Installation ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

The Social ◽

And Performance

Often referred to as sonic ethnography, sound ethnography is the methodological, theoretical, epistemological, and ontological study of the sonic and its relationship to society, culture, and ecology. Sounds have, in fact, always been part of ethnographies, as sensations, understandings, artistic nonartistic expressions, recordings, and film/video and multimedia as technologies developed alongside ethnography and other methodologies. However, despite many ethnographic forms that attend to constructions of sound, such as ethnomusicology, sonic ethnography is a relatively new and still emerging methodology. The study of sound is multidisciplinary, informed by anthropology; sociology; ethnomusicology; acoustics; history; philosophy; sociology; medical studies; architecture; cultural geography; natural and physical sciences; performance and media studies; cultural studies; visual, performing, and mixed-media arts; and education research. Due to such interdisciplinarity, sound ethnography varies widely in terms of methods, theories, and practices. Sound ethnographies also differ in the purposes and conceptualizations of sound and study. They need not focus on organized sounds such as talk and music. They might also focus on emergent or sonic phenomena such as echoes and reverberations; ambient, found, or naturally occurring sounds in builtscapes or landscapes; music; sonic technologies; or even silence. Regardless of focus, sound ethnographers tend to examine the sonic in relation to social and/or environmental structures and patterns—not just how sound reflects such phenomena but, importantly, how it produces them. While ethnography has principally been a literary genre in the humanities and a qualitative research genre in the social sciences, a sound ethnography might be both conducted and presented in multiple ways, including writing, recording, composition, film, mixed media, art installation, and performance.

Download Full-text

Entrepreneurship as Networking

10.1093/oso/9780190076887.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tom Elfring ◽

Kim Klyver ◽

Elco van Burg

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽

Action Orientation ◽

The Social ◽

Dominant Individual ◽

One Step ◽

Entrepreneurial Action ◽

New Research ◽

Insight Into

This book presents entrepreneurship as networking as a perspective. Persistent problems around the dominant “individual-opportunity” approach in the entrepreneurship field motivated the authors to focus on the social-interactive aspects and action orientation of entrepreneurship. The work promises to address the challenge of providing a more integrated account in which the entrepreneur’s agency is combined with a greater emphasis on the social environment. The importance of social relations and the associated interactions between entrepreneurs and their environment give insight into key entrepreneurial processes. The authors address the guiding questions of what a viable network is for (nascent) entrepreneurs and how networking activities affect their entrepreneurial endeavors. Therefore, they first create a synthesis of key network mechanisms and networking dynamics. This allows them (a) to shed new light on the origins of opportunities and improve understanding of how entrepreneurs access resources and subsequently mobilize and deploy them, and (b) to explain how entrepreneurs build legitimacy, facilitating them to act on perceived new combinations and thereby exploit their potential. Thus, this book highlights how networking is a central constitutive force in entrepreneurship. Previous work showed how networks can or will lead to entrepreneurial action as a facilitator. Going one step further, the authors posit that networking is entrepreneurial action, and entrepreneurial action is networking, thereby opening an entirely new research agenda.

Download Full-text

“Wanton and Senseless” Revisited: The Study of Warfare in Civil Conflicts and the Historiography of the Algerian Massacres

African Studies Review ◽

10.1017/asr.2013.78 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 25-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jacob Mundy

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Civil Conflict ◽

Civil Conflicts ◽

The Past ◽

Scientific Analysis ◽

The Social ◽

Theoretical Assumptions ◽

Civil Violence ◽

Insight Into

Abstract:Over the past two decades, attention in the social sciences increasingly has been drawn to the problem of violent civil conflicts, a problem that has disproportionately affected Africa more than any other region. Two approaches to this problem have come to dominate the field: attempts to understand the root causes of civil conflict and attempts to understand the dynamics of its violence. Critics of the former approach have elaborated the ways in which the etiological agenda itself makes, and then politically mobilizes, the reality it claims to find. The goal of this article is to elaborate a similar critique for the latter agenda by examining the productive and destructive interaction between theoretical assumptions and empirical realities that have informed attempts to understand the Algerian massacres of the late 1990s. The overall intention is not to promote a new understanding of those atrocities. Rather, it is to gain a deeper insight into the processes by which episodes of mass civil violence become objects of scientific analysis—and thus objects for political utilization—despite their having emerged from an empirical milieu of contested, ambiguous, and indeterminate realities.

Download Full-text