A Framework of Simulation and Gaming for Enhancing Community Resilience Against Large-Scale Earthquakes: Application for Achievements in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-211
Author(s):  
Yusuke Toyoda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Disastrous Experience

Background. The significance of mutual-help in communities for disaster management is a fundamental important concept. However, the current societal state does not reflect this lesson. S&G (Simulation and Gaming) has the potential to overcome the challenges faced in promoting community-based disaster management. No scientific research is currently present that reviews their achievements in Japan. Aim. This paper analyzes the current achievements of S&G in enhancing community resilience against large-scale earthquakes in Japan. Method. The paper clarifies the theoretical advantages of S&G in enhancing community resilience in coping and adaptive capacity plus proposes a conceptual contribution framework of S&G in improving community resilience. Based on this framework, the paper analyzes some major games that tackle community resilience against earthquakes in Japan. Results. The paper demonstrates the achievements through the S&G spectrum that stresses the disastrous experience with specific resilience views on one side, while decision making for critical reflection from other players with more comprehensive resilience views on the other side. Conclusion. The paper showcases the current S&G achievements in enhancing community resilience against large-scale earthquakes in Japan using the proposed framework, which can be utilized by other disaster-prone countries to develop and evaluate applications of S&G for increasing community resilience against earthquakes.

Community-based Disaster Management and Its Salient Features: A Policy Approach to People-centred Risk Reduction in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
M. Salim Uddin ◽  
Sabrina Zaman ◽  
Mirza Ali Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Government

The discourse of disaster management has undergone significant change in recent years, shifting from relief and response to disaster risk reduction (DRR) and community-based management. Organisations and vulnerable countries engaged in DRR have moved from a reactive, top-down mode to proactive, community-focused disaster management. In this article, we focus on how national disaster management policy initiatives in Bangladesh are implementing community-based approaches at the local level and developing cross-scale partnerships to reduce disaster risk and vulnerability, thus enhancing community resilience to disasters. We relied chiefly on secondary data, employing content analysis for reviewing documents, which were supplemented by primary data from two coastal communities in Kalapara Upazila in Patuakhali District. Our findings revealed that to address the country’s vulnerabilities to natural disasters, the Government of Bangladesh has developed and implemented numerous national measures and policies over the years with the aim of strengthening community-focused risk reduction, decentralising disaster management, developing cross-scale partnerships and enhancing community resilience. Communities are working together to achieve an all-hazard management goal, accepting ownership to reduce vulnerability and actively participating in risk-reduction strategies at multiple levels. Community-based disaster preparedness activities are playing a critical role in developing their adaptive capacity and resilience to disasters. Further policy and research are required for a closer examination of the dynamics of community-based disaster management, the role of local-level institutions and community organisations in partnerships and resilience building for successful disaster management.

A Decision-Making Model for Distribution Center Location during Earthquake Responses

2012 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 808-814
Author(s):  
Wei Dong Tian ◽  
Hai Qiu Jiang ◽  
Hong Juan Zhou ◽  
Dan Guo ◽  
Wen Bo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distribution Center ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yushu Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Center Location ◽  
Location Methods ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Distribution Center Location

Different from the other distribution center location methods, there are new characteristics in distribution center location during earthquake disaster responses. In this paper, we investigate the factors impacting the location of distribution center during earthquake responses, and propose a decision-making model based on improved AHP framework for this issue. The improved AHP is extended to automatically calculate large scale judgment matrices by the crosstie model. This decision-making model was successfully applied in the simulation case of Yushu earthquake responses in 2010. The results show that the proposed decision-making model is reasonable.

scholarly journals Leer je kinderen minder te tolereren! Teach your children to tolerate less!

Pedagogiek ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Schinkel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Abstract Toleration is a person’s response, on the one hand, to something she disapproves of, and on the other hand, to her inclination to put a stop to that which she disapproves of. When people think about toleration from a pedagogical perspective, as a virtue to be cultivated, attention naturally focuses on the latter: how do we teach someone to control herself, to take the other’s perspective, et cetera; and how do we make sure someone develops ‘tolerant’ views? Discussions about this virtually always concern the same topics, however; critical reflection on the objects of (in)tolerance are lacking. When we turn our gaze outwards, we see that intolerable practices take place on a large scale (e.g. ecologically destructive practices) that we all ‘tolerate’ – because we don’t care enough. We ought to teach children to care about the right things to the right degree; and that means we need to teach them not to tolerate certain practices.

scholarly journals The Effects of Social Connections on Evacuation Decision Making during Hurricane Irma

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Collins ◽  
Robin Ersing ◽  
Amy Polen ◽  
Michelle Saunders ◽  
Jason Senkbeil
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Perceived Access ◽  
Hurricane Irma

Abstract This study investigates the influence of individuals’ social connections in their decision to either evacuate or not evacuate in the days preceding the landfall of Hurricane Irma. Using Hurricane Irma in September 2017 as a case study, a survey was conducted on two groups (those who evacuated and those who did not evacuate) to assess people’s social connections specifically examining three dimensions: dependability, density, and diversity. These variables, together with socioeconomic variables (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, education), were considered in order to better explain the influences on evacuation decision-making. To collect accurate ephemeral decision-making data from evacuees, the surveys were completed during the evacuation for those who evacuated and shortly after the passage of Hurricane Irma for those who did not evacuate. Through statistical analyses, it was concluded that density and diversity of people’s social networks played a significant role in the decision to evacuate or not, with evacuees having more dense and diverse relationships. On the other hand, the perceived dependability of a person’s social connections (i.e., their perceived access to resources and support) did not significantly impact the decision to evacuate for Hurricane Irma. This study has important implications for adding to the knowledge base on community-based sustainable disaster preparedness and resilience.

scholarly journals Doing Indigenous Community-University Research Partnerships: A Cautionary Tale

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Kathleen Absolon ◽  
Susan Dion
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
University Research ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Research Relationships

With the intention of generating critical discussion, in this paper the authors examine the complexities of doing decolonizing research within colonial institutions. Drawing on their experiences as co-investigators on a large scale partnership grant involving Indigenous and non-Indigenous partners doing community-based research in Indigenous communities, they tell a cautionary tale about confronting and working through the challenges. Specifically addressing communication, decision-making, internalized colonialism and research relationships, the authors conclude that while these kinds of partnership grants involve struggle, in the end the effort is necessary.

scholarly journals (A145) Simulation for the Assessment and Optimization of Medical Disaster Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s41-s42
Author(s):  
E.L. Dhondt ◽  
F. Van utterbeek ◽  
C. Ullrich ◽  
M. Debacker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Optimization ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Medical Response

BackgroundThe ultimate goal of medical disaster management must be to predictably orchestrate transition from “standard of care” to “sufficiency of care” using evidence-based methods. However, neither descriptive reports of disaster responses nor epidemiological studies investigating disaster risk factors have been able to provide validated outcome measures as to what constitutes a “good” disaster response. Moreover, it either has been considered impossible, ethically inappropriate, or both, to identify experimental and control groups essential for hypothesis testing for the conduct of scientific randomized controlled clinical trials.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify a number of performance and outcome indicators and define optimal disaster response and management decision-making for various disaster scenarios using simulation optimization.Methods and ResultsA system model of medical disaster management was designed, and victim models and performance and outcome indicators were developed. Various mass-casualty and large-scale disaster scenarios were developed, including: (1) a hospital emergency incident/disaster; (2) a CBRNE incident; (3) an airplane crash and airport disaster; (4) a mass gathering; and (5) a military battlefield mass casualty. Using “Discrete Event Driven Simulation”, multiple replications were made for different decision-making modalities, different resource allocations, and different disaster response procedures. Statistical analysis and optimization techniques were applied to achieve the best available setting of parameters of the simulation model. In such a way, the “Medical Disaster Management Simulator” runs the “missing experimental studies” in a simplified artificial simulated disaster environment.ConclusionsSimulation optimization is an adequate tool for judging and evaluating the effectiveness and adequacy of health and relief services provided during disaster medical response. Evidence-based recommendations and codes of best practice were formulated for optimal medical disaster and military battlefield management in different large-scale event scenarios as well as for teaching, training, and research in medical disaster management.

9. The Budget

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-231
Author(s):  
Brigid Laffan ◽  
Johannes Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Bargaining ◽  
Budgetary Politics ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the European Union’s budgetary procedures with an eye towards elucidating the characteristics of budgetary politics and policy-making. Where EU money comes from, how it is spent, and the processes by which it is distributed are the subjects of intense political bargaining. Budgets matter politically, because money represents the commitment of resources to the provision of public goods and involves political choices across sectors and regions. The chapter first provides a thumbnail sketch of the EU budget before looking at the major players involved in the budgetary process. It then considers budgetary politics over time, focusing on two phases, one dominated by budgetary battles and the other by ordered budgetary decision-making, and shedding light on the EU’s large-scale budgetary response to the Covid-19 pandemic which marks an important step within the evolution of the EU budget. Finally, the chapter also provides an assessment of how the EU manages a larger budget.

Building Community Capacity for Disaster Resilience in Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Chun Chen ◽  
◽  
Yi-Wen Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Face ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Community Disaster Resilience

In the face of large-scale, high intensity, and continuously occurring disasters, the concept of community resilience in disaster management has gradually developed and drawn significant attention. This paper focuses on how to build community disaster resilience, based on practical experiences of disaster recovery in Taiwan, for the purpose of increasing community resilience. In order to build community disaster resilience, the Taiwanese central government has designed a community-based process for disaster adaptation. Since 2004, the process has been applied to more than one hundred communities in Taiwan, not only by our research team but also by the Taiwanese government. Two successful cases are used to illustrate our framework for community disaster resilience, which should include the two major components of emergency adjustment and long-term adaptive capacity. Significant factors for making the process operational are clarified so as to form a long-term framework for building community disaster resilience.

scholarly journals Social learning strategies for matters of taste

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis P. Analytis ◽  
Daniel Barkoczi ◽  
Stefan M. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Objective Truth ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Social Learning Strategies

AbstractMost choices people make are about “matters of taste” on which there is no universal, objective truth. Nevertheless, people can learn from the experiences of individuals with similar tastes who have already evaluated the available options—a potential harnessed by recommender systems. We mapped recommender system algorithms to models of human judgment and decision making about “matters of fact” and recast the latter as social learning strategies for “matters of taste.” Using computer simulations on a large-scale, empirical dataset, we studied how people could leverage the experiences of others to make better decisions. Our simulation showed that experienced individuals can benefit from relying mostly on the opinions of seemingly similar people; inexperienced individuals, in contrast, cannot reliably estimate similarity and are better off picking the mainstream option despite differences in taste. Crucially, the level of experience beyond which people should switch to similarity-heavy strategies varies substantially across individuals and depends on (i) how mainstream (or alternative) an individual’s tastes are and (ii) the level of dispersion in taste similarity with the other people in the group.

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