Unilateral Spouse Therapy to Reach the Treatment-Resistant Alcohol Abusing Partner: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 802-814
Author(s):  
Richard D. Ager ◽  
Marianne R. Yoshioka ◽  
Kathryn Betts Adams
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Marital Functioning ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
Role Induction ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Treatment Entry

Purpose: The aim of this research was to implement and evaluate unilateral family therapy (UFT) for alcohol abuse, an approach that assists the nonalcoholic spouse to induce their alcohol-abusing partner to enter treatment and/or reduce drinking. Method: Forty-two nonalcohol-abusing spouses participated in this randomized control trial, and 13 no-treatment spouses served as an additional comparison group. Repeated measures analysis over four time periods evaluated change in abuser alcohol use and spouse psychological, marital, and role induction (e.g., enabling) variables, whereas χ2 analyses evaluated alcohol abuser treatment entry. Results: The findings suggest that UFT is successful in facilitating abuser treatment entry, drink reduction as well as long-term improvement in the spouse’s psychological health, and marital functioning. Conclusions: Given the high numbers of treatment-resistant alcohol abusers in need of treatment and the related distress of their spouses, UFT represents an important approach for practitioners.

scholarly journals Tinospora cordifolia Enhances Vyadhikshamatwa (immunity) in Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Devasya Narayana Sharma ◽  
◽  
Ajitha Sharma ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Total Leucocyte Count ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The immune system in children is constantly developing and they are at an increased risk of infections. It is vital to help enhance immunity by vaccination but more people are turning towards traditional medicines today. The vast flora of the world offers newer options to this effect and is worth exploring. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) is one such plant which has been traditionally used for various health conditions and is also proven to be an immunomodulator. Objective: To evaluate the role of Tinospora cordifolia in status of Vyadhikshamatwa (immunity) in children. Materials and Methods: An open-labelled, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 400 children aged 1-15 years, with 200 each in control and test groups. Study drug and placebo were administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight twice daily with honey for 2 months. Response was assessed by total leucocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte percentage and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). Results were analysed statistically using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for intra-group comparisons and unpaired t-test for intergroup comparisons using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: The test drug showed statistically significant increase in TLC (P<0.001), ALC (P<0.001) and lymphocyte percentage (P<0.001) as compared to placebo. Also the rate of infections in the trial group were significantly lesser during the study period (P<0.001). Conclusion: Tinospora cordifolia significantly improves immunity in children and can be used as an adjuvant to vaccination.

Progress of negative symptoms over the initial 5 years of a first episode of psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyael Lutgens ◽  
Ridha Joober ◽  
Srividya Iyer ◽  
Martin Lepage ◽  
Ross Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Regular Care ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Extension Period

AbstractBackgroundSpecialized early intervention (EI) following a first episode of psychosis (FEP) are effective at reducing negative symptoms, although its trajectory warrants systematic assessment. However, findings are equivocal as to whether extended gains are made post 2 years of EI and whether there is additional benefit of extending EI for an additional 3 years.MethodsData on 178 FEP patients, from a randomized controlled trial of a 3-year extension of EI service v. transfer to regular care following 2 years of EI service, were used for this report. Repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted separately for the initial 2 years of treatment in an EI service, and for the 3-year post-randomization to examine trajectories of negative symptoms over the two periods in the two arms of the study.ResultsThere were significant improvements in total negative symptoms over the first 2 years of EI F(4.612, 797.905) = 25.263, p < 0.001 and in domains of ‘expressivity’ and ‘motivation’. In the following 3 years, there were further significant improvements in negative symptoms F(4.318, 759.908) = 4.182, p = 0.002 with no difference between groups F(4.318, 759.908) = 1.073, p = 0.371. Changes in negative symptoms over the extension period were driven by expressivity F(4.01, 674.73) = 7.19, p < 0.01, but not motivation F(6.58, 1112.18) = 0.95, p = 0.46.ConclusionNegative symptoms improve significantly over the first 2 years of EI. Subsequent amelioration was largely the result of expressivity. Motivation deficits remained stable. Extended EI offered no advantage over regular care post-randomization.

scholarly journals Dental arch effects after early and later timed cervical headgear treatment—a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-630
Author(s):  
Johanna Julku ◽  
Matti Hannula ◽  
Kirsi Pirilä-Parkkinen ◽  
Mimmi Tolvanen ◽  
Pertti Pirttiniemi
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
T1 And T2

Summary Background Cervical headgear (CH) is a commonly used orthodontic appliance and its dentoalveolar changes are known. However, the effects related to gender and timing have gained less attention. Objectives To examine dimensions of dental arches among children with Class II occlusion without posterior mandibular rotation according to timing of Kloehn-type CH treatment. Trial design Prospective, randomized, parallel-group controlled trial. Methods Sixty-seven seven-year-old children with a Class II occlusion were included in the study. The children were randomized into two equal-size groups in 1:1 ratio by sealed-envelope randomization. The early group (EG, n = 33) was treated between T0 and T1 (26 months), right after eruption of the first maxillary molars. The late group (LG, n = 34) was treated between T1 and T2 (24 months). The children were treated with CH until normal Class I occlusion on first molars was achieved. Impressions for dental casts were taken from all participants at T0, T1, and T2. Blinding was applicable for outcome assessors. Changes in dental cast measurements were compared between the groups and genders using t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Of the children, 56 completed the study. The maxillary arch length and the transversal changes between the upper canines and upper first molars were significantly increased in EG at T0−T1 (P < 0.001). At T2, the transversal dimension between the upper first molars was larger (P < 0.05), and in the lower arch the mandibular arch length (P < 0.05) and the transversal dimension between the lower first molars (P < 0.01) were increased in EG males compared to LG males. No harms were encountered. Conclusions The male gender benefits most from early timing of the CH treatment, showing larger dimensions at the end of the follow-up. The results clearly indicated a wider and longer upper dental arch and spontaneous expansion of the lower dental arch after treatment. Clinical Registration NCT02010346.

scholarly journals Effect of Plyometric Training on Speed and Change of Direction Ability in Elite Field Hockey Players

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasdev Singh ◽  
Brendyn B Appleby ◽  
Andrew P Lavender
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jump Exercise ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Hockey Players

This study investigated the effects of two plyometric training protocols on sprint and change of direction (COD) performance in elite hockey players. A parallel-group randomized controlled trial design was used and seventeen elite male and female field hockey players were randomly allocated into either low-to-high (L-H, n = 8) or high-to-low (H-L, n = 9) training groups. Each group performed separate variations of the drop jump exercise twice weekly for six weeks, with an emphasis on either jump height (L-H) or drop height (H-L). Performance variables assessed included sprint times over 10 m and 20 m, as well as 505 time. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed and Cohen&rsquo;s d effect sizes were calculated. The H-L group displayed significant small ES improvement from baseline to post-training in the 10 m sprint (1.893 &plusmn; 0.08 s pre vs 1.851 &plusmn; 0.06 s post) (ES = &minus;0.44) (P = &lt;0.05). Small but not statistically significant differences between groups were observed for 10 m and 20 m sprint performance, and no significant differences were observed within or between groups for 505 time. These findings highlight the difficulty in substantially enhancing speed and COD ability in highly trained athletic populations through the addition of a low volume, short duration plyometric training protocol.

scholarly journals Probiotics and the Microbiome in Celiac Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Harnett ◽  
Stephen P. Myers ◽  
Margaret Rolfe
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background. There is limited research investigating the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota in individuals with celiac disease (CoeD) reporting only partial symptom improvement despite adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). The aim of this research was to determine if the gastrointestinal microbiota could be altered by probiotic bacteria and provide a potential new therapy for this subgroup.Methods. A multicentre RCT was conducted between January and August 2011 in Australia. Participants included 45 people with CoeD reporting only partial symptom improvement despite adherence to a strict GFD for a minimum of 12 months. Participants took 5 g of VSL#™probiotic formulation (n=23) or 5 g placebo (n=22) orally twice daily for 12 weeks. The main outcome measured was the efficacy of the probiotic formula in altering faecal microbiota counts between baseline and week 12. Safety was determined by safety blood and monitoring adverse events.Results. SPSS™multivariate repeated measures analysis (95th confidence level) revealed no statistically significant changes between the groups in the faecal microbiota counts or blood safety measures over the course of the study.Conclusion. The probiotic formula when taken orally over the 12-week period did not significantly alter the microbiota measured in this population. The trial was registered with Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials RegisterACTRN12610000630011.

Effects of gastrocnemius stretching with talus-stabilizing taping on ankle dorsiflexion and balance in individuals with limited ankle dorsiflexion: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jong-Chul Jung ◽  
Yong-Il Shin ◽  
Da-In An ◽  
Won-Young Park ◽  
Soo-Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Various interventions have been recommended to increase ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM); however, few studies have investigated the long-term effects of applying gastrocnemius stretching with talus-stabilizing taping (GSTST). OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of gastrocnemius stretching (GS) and GSTST on DFROM and balance in subjects with limited DFROM. METHODS: Twenty-six subjects with limited DFROM were randomly allocated to either the GS group (n= 13) or GSTST group (n= 13) for 6 weeks. Maximum DFROM before heel-off during gait, passive DFROM, posterior talar glide, flexibility of the gastrocnemius, and the lower-quarter Y-balance test (YBT-LQ) were assessed pre-intervention and post-intervention. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the changes in variables. RESULTS: The GSTST group had greater maximum DFROM before heel-off, passive DFROM, and posterior talar glide than the GS group. Gastrocnemius flexibility and YBT-LQ scores increased significantly post-intervention in both groups; however, there was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: GSTST is recommend for improving ankle DFROM and balance in subjects with limited DFROM.

scholarly journals Supplementation with a bioactive melon concentrate in humans and animals: prevention of oxidative damages and fatigue in the context of a moderate or eccentric physical activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Saby ◽  
Audrey Gauthier ◽  
Sandy Barial ◽  
Laure Egoumenides ◽  
Bernard Jover
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Regular Physical Activity

Abstract Background: Physical activity is recognized to provide both physical and psychological health benefits. However, oxidative stress can occur in case of poor adaptation to effort and reduce training effectiveness inducing muscular and joint damages. SOD B® M is a melon concentrate, well known to counteract oxidative stress and prevent its side effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of the melon concentrate in the context of both a strong and isolated effort associated with deleterious effects, and a moderate and regular physical activity considered as beneficial. Methods: First, a preclinical study was set up on Sprague Dawley rats to evaluate the effect of the melon concentrate on the prevention of damages induced by an eccentric exercise. Secondly, the combined effect of the melon concentrate and a regular standardized physical training was studied on the overall physical condition of healthy subjects in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Repeated measures ANOVA, student’s t test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analyses. Results: Melon concentrate helped to prevent gastrocnemius damages induced by the eccentric exercise. It allowed a reduction of fibrosis by approximately 38 % and a reduction of TNF-α plasma level by 28 %. This supplementation also induced a rearrangement of myosin fibers and an increase in PGC-1α plasma level. In the clinical study, melon concentrate was able to decrease oxidative stress and CRP plasma level. Besides, magnesium (Mg) plasma level was higher in the context of a regular training performed by healthy subjects supplemented with the melon concentrate. Conclusions: Melon concentrate was able to prevent damages generated during an eccentric exercise. It also allowed a better adaptation to effort linked to PGC-1α activation: a regulator of energy metabolism. The antioxidant properties of the melon concentrate and its ability to mobilize Mg also suggest that the supplementation could induce a better endurance and resistance to fatigue during regular physical activity.

Sevoflurane versus  Halothane: Postoperative Maladaptive Behavioral Changes

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeev N. Kain ◽  
Alison A. Caldwell-Andrews ◽  
Megan E. Weinberg ◽  
Linda C. Mayes ◽  
Shu-Ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Emergence Delirium ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

Background The authors conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to determine whether the use of sevoflurane in children undergoing anesthesia and surgery results in a higher incidence of postoperative maladaptive behavioral changes as compared with halothane. Methods Children and their parents (n = 102) were randomly assigned to either a halothane group (n = 50) or a sevoflurane group (n = 52). The intraoperative anesthetic protocol was strictly controlled, and the postoperative analgesic consumption and pain levels were recorded. The effect of the group assignment on emergence status and maladaptive postoperative behavioral changes was assessed both by validated psychological measures and physiologic instruments (actigraphy) on postoperative days 1-7. Anxiety of the parent and child was also assessed, as was the child's postoperative recovery (Recovery Inventory). Results There were no group differences in preoperative state anxiety, postoperative analgesic requirements, postoperative pain, or the incidence of emergence delirium (P = not significant). Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance showed no group differences in the incidence of postoperative maladaptive behaviors (F4,72 = 0.60, P = 0.701) or actigraphic variables such as percent sleep, number of night awakenings, and night awakenings that lasted for more than 5 min (P = not significant). Conclusion The authors found no increased incidence of emergence delirium, maladaptive postoperative behavior changes, or sleep disturbances in children undergoing anesthesia with sevoflurane as compared with halothane.

scholarly journals Sustainable improvement of HbA1c and satisfaction with diabetes care after adding telemedicine in patients on adaptable insulin regimens: Results of the TeleDiabetes randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 628-641
Author(s):  
Heidi Buysse ◽  
Peter Coremans ◽  
Frans Pouwer ◽  
Johannes Ruige
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

This 2-year study evaluates whether tele-education adds to improvement and maintenance of good glycemic control and patient satisfaction. Adult patients were randomly assigned to study, getting immediate access to tele-education, or control group, getting this surplus education after 3 months. At several moments, clinical data were retrieved and patients completed questionnaires. Multivariate analyses of covariance and repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted. Implementation of tele-education in between face-to-face contacts improved glycemic control for both groups, which was maintained over a 2-year period. Tele-education did not have an influence on glucose measurements or on hypoglycemic events. Patients were satisfied with this tele-educational tool and appreciated use of personal messages. Further research should focus on the possible influence of “life changes” and influence on “need for more tele-educational feedback,” and consequently on the provision of (mobile) platforms adaptable to patient’s (changing life) situations.

scholarly journals Supplementation with a Bioactive Melon Concentrate in Humans and Animals: Prevention of Oxidative Damages and Fatigue in the Context of a Moderate or Eccentric Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Marion Saby ◽  
Audrey Gauthier ◽  
Sandy Barial ◽  
Laure Egoumenides ◽  
Bernard Jover
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Regular Physical Activity

Exercise is recognized to provide both physical and psychological health benefits. However, oxidative stress can occur and induce muscular damages. SOD B®; M is a melon concentrate, well known to counteract oxidative stress and prevent its side effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of the melon concentrate in the context of both a strong and isolated effort associated with deleterious effects, and a moderate and regular physical activity considered as beneficial. First, a preclinical study was set up on rats to evaluate its potential on the prevention of damages induced by an eccentric exercise. Secondly, the combined effect of the melon concentrate and a regular standardized physical training was studied on the overall physical condition of healthy subjects in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), student’s t test and Mann–Whitney test were used for statistical analyses. Melon concentrate helped to prevent gastrocnemius damages induced by the eccentric exercise. It allowed a reduction of fibrosis by approximately 38% and a reduction of Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α) plasma level by 28%. This supplementation also induced a rearrangement of myosin fibers and an increase in PGC-1α plasma level. In the clinical study, melon concentrate was able to decrease oxidative stress and C-Reactive protein (CRP) plasma level. Besides, magnesium (Mg) plasma level was higher in the context of a regular training performed by healthy subjects supplemented with the melon concentrate. Therefore, the melon concentrate allowed a better adaptation to effort linked to PGC-1α activation: a regulator of energy metabolism. The antioxidant properties of the melon concentrate and its ability to mobilize magnesium also suggest that the supplementation could induce a better resistance to fatigue and recovery during regular physical activity.

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