Parent and Friend Social Support and Adolescent Hope

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreen E. Mahon ◽  
Adela Yarcheski
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to conduct two meta-analyses. The first examined social support from parents in relation to adolescent hope, and the second examined social support from friends in relation to adolescent hope. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the literature reviewed, nine published studies or doctoral dissertations completed between 1990 and 2014 met the inclusion criteria. Using meta-analytic techniques and the mean weighted r statistic, the results indicated that social support from friends had a stronger mean effect size (ES = .31) than social support from parents (ES = .21); there was a statistically significant difference between the two ESs. Two of the four moderators for the parent social support–adolescent hope relationship were statistically significant. They were quality score and health status. Implications for school nurses and nurses in all settings are addressed, and conclusions are drawn based on the findings.

Meta-Analyses of Predictors of Health Practices in Pregnant Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Cannella ◽  
Adela Yarcheski ◽  
Noreen E. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Maternal Fetal Attachment ◽  
Support Employment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fetal Attachment ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations

The aims of this study were to identify predictors of health practices of pregnant women in the literature reviewed, to use meta-analysis to ascertain the mean effect size (ES) across studies between each predictor and health practices, and to examine four moderators on each predictor–health practices relationship. Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines for the literature assessed, 32 published studies or doctoral dissertations completed between 1992 and 2015 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve predictors were identified, and each predictor in relation to health practices was subjected to meta-analysis. One predictor (maternal–fetal attachment) of health practices had a large ES, two predictors (depression and stress) had medium ESs, six predictors (income, education, parity, social support, employment, and age) had small ESs, and three predictors (gestational age, marital status, and race) had trivial ESs. Findings are interpreted relative to health practices in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Analysis of smile esthetics in American Board of Orthodontic patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sercan Akyalcin ◽  
Leslie K. Frels ◽  
Jeryl D. English ◽  
Stephen Laman
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Deviation Range ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Smile Esthetics

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the common denominators of an esthetically pleasing smile in patients who were considered to be successfully treated upon the submission to American Board Orthodontics (ABO) clinical examination. Material and Methods: A total of 462 patients were examined. Ninety subjects that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Standardized digital smile photographs of the subjects were rated by 30 panel members, including orthodontists, general dentists, and parents of orthodontic patients, using a numeric version of the visual analog scale. Three groups were formed using the mean esthetic score ± standard deviation range: unattractive (n  =  21), average (n  =  47), and attractive (n  =  22) smiles. Eleven smile characteristics were digitally measured on the photographs and compared between the groups using one-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests. Additionally, regression analyses were used to investigate the association of the smile characteristics with the esthetic score. Results: A significant difference was found between the three groups for the comparison of smile arc relationship (P < .001). When all the variables used in this study were entered in the regression analysis, a positive association was found (r  =  0.658; r2  =  0.434; P < .001). Additionally, two models were defined using stepwise regression. The first model included the smile arc (r  =  0.478; r2  =  0.228; P < .001), and the second model had both the smile arc and right gingival display/visible dentition display ratio (r  =  0.567; r2  =  0.321; P < .001). Conclusions: A harmonious smile arc relationship and less gingival display during a smile are significantly associated with smile attractiveness in patients considered successfully treated according to ABO standards.

scholarly journals Predictive Role of Psychosocial Factors in Older Adults Life Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab Papi ◽  
Maria Cheraghi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The older adults are a part of society whose population is increasing as science progresses and health conditions improve. Social, psychological and behavioral factors will be influenced on life satisfaction in older adults. We aimed to predictive role of psychosocial factors in life satisfaction older adults. Methods: It was a descriptive-analytical study which has conducted on 679 older adults through convenience sampling from Qom city during 2018. The data were collected using demographic characteristics, life satisfaction, well-being, cognitive status, social support, and daily activities of life. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean and standard deviation of older adults age was 70.43 ± 7.62 years. The mean life satisfaction score was 13.77 ± 3.73. The results showed a significant relationship between job and education with life satisfaction (P <0.001). The results also showed that social support (P= 0.001) and daily activities (P= 0.017) significantly predict the level of life satisfaction, and the dimensions of health (P= 0.001) and cognitive status (P= 0.007) have a larger share in predicting the satisfaction of older adults life. Conclusion: We found that some parts of life changes in older adults can be predicted with the help of social support, health status, cognitive status, and everyday life activities. Therefore, in order to increase the level of satisfaction of older adults life, it is suggested that the field of promotion of social support, health status, and cognitive status be provided.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Pilot Implementation of Iran’s Comprehensive Mental and Social Health Services (the SERAJ Program): A Controlled Community Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hajebi ◽  
Vandad Sharifi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Asgardoon ◽  
Behzad Damari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Community Trial

Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “SERAJ” was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SERAJ by conducting assessments before and after the implementation in the intervention and the control areas. Method: This was a controlled community trial that was assessed by conducting repeated surveys in the intervention and the control areas. In total, 2952 and 2874 individuals were assessed in the intervention and the control areas, respectively. The change in prevalence of mental disorders (using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIDI), service utilization, mental health literacy, happiness, and perceived social support were measured over 18 months in three districts of Osko, Bardsir, and Quchan as the intervention areas, which were compared with three matched districts as the control areas. Results: No significant difference was found in the mean score of happiness between the intervention and the control areas throughout the study period. Most aspects of mental health literacy were improved in the intervention areas after implementing the intervention. The mean score of social support decreased after implementing the intervention in all areas. The prevalence of mental disorders in the intervention districts was significantly reduced after 18 months. The rate of using any mental health services after the intervention was not statistically different between the intervention and the control areas. Conclusion: There was no significant change in some indicators in the intervention compared with the control areas. We suggest evaluating SERAJ’s achievements and challenges in the three intervention districts before expanding the implementation of this pilot experience into other districts.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Retinal Defocus (Blur) on Lateral Heterophoria

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
George Nnamdi Atuanya ◽  
Osayimwen Osas Ero ◽  
Raphael Uchenna Enyinnaya Akpalaba
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
Defocus Blur ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ocular Health

Purpose: This study was conducted to ascertain the effect of retinal defocusing or retinal blur on lateral heterophoria at far and near.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study involving 57 participants aged 5 to 35 years, who were selected based on the inclusion criteria of being myopes and emmetropes who had a normal general and ocular health. The Von Graefe technique was used for measuring phoria under standard testing conditions.Results: The mean baseline lateral phoria for emmetropes were 0.53 ± 1.14∆ exophoria and 2.47 ± 2.08∆ exophoria at far and near respectively, while after defocusing, it was 2.80 ± 0.88∆ exophoria and 4.34 ± 1.70∆ exophoria at far and near respectively. For myopes, the baseline lateral phoria was 1.52 ± 1.09∆ exophoria and 4.76 ± 1.13∆ exophoria at far and near respectively while after defocussing, it was 3.39 ± 0.92∆ exophoria at far and 7.60 ± 1.00∆ exophoria at near. The mean difference in lateral phoria was found to be significant at the 95% confidence level (P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in lateral phoria change at far (P = 0.072), while the near phoria difference was significant (P = 0.002).Conclusion: Gas Retinal defocusing with +2.50D resulted in a shift towards exophoria at both far and near, with myopes experiencing more exophoric shift. This is because they are less sensitive to the presence of blur. This will enable practitioners to be cautious of the inhibition of accommodation due to higher exophoria at near when prescribing lenses. Keywords: Retinal Defocus, Myopia, Emmetropia, Near lateral phoria, Distance lateral phoria.

scholarly journals Effect of Minimal Disease in a Herd on Reproductive Parameters of Sows

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247-1251
Author(s):  
Pavel Nevrkla ◽  
Zdeněk Hadaš ◽  
Pavel Horký
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was evaluation of reproductive performance in sows from herds with minimal disease. Total number of 40 sows were included in the observation and evaluated from the 1st to the 4th parity. The highest reproductive performance was recorded at the 3rd parity. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between the 1st and the 3rd parity and highly statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) was recorded between the 2nd and the 3rd parity in number of live‑born piglets. Comparison of numbers of stillborn piglets showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mean values of the 1st and the 4th parity. The results also showed highly statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) in number of reared piglets between the 3rd and the 4th parity. The conclusions of this study indicate that creation and maintenance of herds of sows with high health status lead to excellent results in the area of pig reproduction.

scholarly journals The Effects of Including Aerobic Exercise in the Treatment Protocol of Concussions: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sofie De Wandel ◽  
Tracey Sulak ◽  
Darryn S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background of Study: More research studies are being completed advocating for the use of exercise as an intervention and form of treatment for concussions. However, exercise can include many forms of physical activity, intensities, and durations. This systemic review and meta-analysis focused on the use of aerobic exercise, such as cycling or walking, as an intervention and form of treatment for children and young adults suffering from a concussion. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if the addition of aerobic exercise to an individual concussion treatment makes a significant difference when compared to treatments using flexibility as a form of physical activity or traditional methods of treatment following guidelines from the 2016 Berlin Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport. Method: The search conducted for articles generated 472 studies. Out of these, 5 studies were selected based from the inclusion criteria. Results: Aerobic exercise was shown to significantly decrease the absolute risk difference for the development of prolonged post-concussion symptoms in children and adolescents with concussions when compared to those who reported no physical activity. The mean risk difference for the independent variable (IV) was -0.12 with a 95% confidence interval was reported to be -0.17 to -0.07 and an effect size of Z = 4.94 (P < 0.00001). Aerobic exercise was also shown to have an effect on the change in post-concussion symptom scale scores. The mean IV difference was 8.7 with a 95% confidence interval of 2.05 to 14.35 and an effect size of Z=3.02 (p=0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, while there is evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for children and adolescents with a concussion, more studies need to be completed focusing on this age group and the effects of aerobic exercise on concussion recovery.

Effect of Syndesmotic Implant Removal on Dorsiflexion

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Briceno ◽  
Timilien Wusu ◽  
Philip Kaiser ◽  
Patrick Cronin ◽  
Alyssa Leblanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Analysis ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Background: There is limited evidence that syndesmotic implant removal (SIR) is beneficial. However, many surgeons advocate removal based on studies suggesting improved motion. Methodologic difficulties make the validity and applicability of previous works questionable. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ankle dorsiflexion after SIR using radiographically measured motion before and after screw removal utilizing a standardized load. Methods: All patients undergoing isolated SIR were candidates for inclusion. Dorsiflexion was measured radiographically: (1) immediately before implant removal intraoperatively, (2) immediately after removal intraoperatively, and (3) 3 months after removal. A standardized torque force was applied to the ankle and a perfect lateral radiograph of the ankle was obtained. Four reviewers independently measured dorsiflexion on randomized, deidentified images. A total of 29 patients met inclusion criteria. All syndesmotic injuries were associated with rotational ankle fractures. There were 11 men (38%) and 18 women (62%). The mean, and standard deviation, age was 50.3 ± 16.9 years (range 19-80). Results: The mean ankle dorsiflexion pre-operatively, post-operatively, and at a 3-month follow-up was 13.7 ± 6.6 degrees, 13.3 ± 7.3 degrees and 11.8 ± 11.3 degrees, respectively ( P = .466). For subsequent analysis, 5 patients were excluded because of the potential confounding effect of retained suture button devices. Analysis of the remaining 24 patients (and final analysis of 21 patients who had complete 3-month follow-up) demonstrated similar results with no statistically significant difference in ankle dorsiflexion at all 3 time points. Conclusion: Removal of syndesmotic screws may not improve ankle dorsiflexion motion and should not be used as the sole indication for screw removal. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective cohort study.

The Effect of Exposure to See the Sound/Visual Phonics (STS/VP) in First Grade Literacy Instruction on Academic Assessment in Second Grade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Knox ◽  
David Krupke
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Literacy Instruction ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Academic Assessment ◽  
Second Grade Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The data were gathered from Common Core assessments administered three times per year to second grade students. Assent permission had been secured, per IRB agreement, from fifty-one parents. Their children were divided into two groups: those having had exposure to Visual Phonics in first grade, and those who did not.<div><br></div><div>Data analysis, using both descriptive and interpretive statistics, did not show any significant difference between the mean scores for the two groups across three assessment periods. Effect size also was generally small to moderate.</div>

scholarly journals Assessment of health status and quality of life of homeless persons in Belgrade, Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Sarajlija ◽  
Aleksandar Jugovic ◽  
Dragan Zivaljevic ◽  
Boro Merdovic ◽  
Adrijan Sarajlija
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Background/Aim. Homelessness is a problem with social, medical, economic, political and other implications. Despite a large number of studies, reports about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of homeless persons remain sparse. There is a summary of consistent evidence that homeless people have higher prevalence of chronic disease (mental and somatic) than general population. The aim of this study was to assess HRQoL and depression in homeless persons in Belgrade, to describe their sociodemographic factors and health status (the presence of chronic mental and somatic diseases and addiction disorders) and analyse impact of sociodemographic factors and health status to HRQoL and depression of homeless persons. Methods. The study was conducted in the Shelter for Adult and Elderly Persons in Belgrade, from January 1 to January 31, 2012. A set of questionnaires used in survey included Serbian translation of SF-36 questionnaire, Serbian translation of Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and sociodemographic questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive and analytic methods. Results. Our study sample consisted of 104 adult participants. The majority of them were male (74%) and the mean age in the sample was 48.2 ? 13.0 years. We have found that 35.6% participants had lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorder, most frequently depression (lifetime prevalence of 15.4% in the study group). The history of suicide attempts was registered in 28 (26.9%) participants. Lifetime illicit drugs use was reported by 12.5%, daily smoking by 82.7% and daily alcohol consumption by 8.7% of the participants. Most common somatic chronic diseases were cardiovascular while chronic lung diseases were the second most frequent. Single chronic disease was present in 33 (31.7%) of the participants and comorbidity of 2 chronic diseases was present in 20 of them. A statistically significant difference between participants` HRQoL SF-36 domain scores and norms of general population was found only for role physical domain (lower in homeless, p < 0.001). ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference in SF-36 HRQoL domain and composite scores between different age groups, nor did marital status, education level, length of homelessness, alcohol use or smoking significantly affect the HRQoL. The mean BDI-II score in the studied population was 19.1 ? 11.6. Severe depression was registered in 20.2% of the participants, moderate in 23.1%, mild in 19.2% and minimal in 37.5%. A highly significant negative correlation was verified between BDI-II and all domains and composite scores of SF-36 (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Measures for prevention of homelessness should include: foundation of national registry of homeless persons, development of systemic multisectorial cooperation and special psychosocial intervention strategies. In homeless population, health care measures should be focused on prevention and treatment of mental health disorders and chronic somatic diseases.

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