The Psychosocial Adjustment of Children Born With a Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses

Objective: To determine the psychosocial adjustment of children born with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Design: Longitudinal analyses of psychosocial outcomes and cross-sectional comparison with published norms. Setting: Retrospective clinical audit at a UK cleft center. Participants: Data available for 1174 participants born with a CL/P at ages 5 (n = 658), 10 (n = 415), and 15 (n = 171), with longitudinal data for a subset of the sample at 5 and 10 (n = 168) and 10 and 15 (n = 49). Main Outcome Measure: Parental-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: The majority of children scored in the average range for overall adjustment. Children born with CL/P had significantly higher mean overall SDQ scores relative to normative data at ages 5 and 10. Longitudinal analysis highlighted that adjustment at age 5 was a significant predictor of adjustment at age 10. Gender was another significant predictor of adjustment at age 5 and 10, with boys reporting more problems than girls. However, effect sizes for the impact of age and gender were small. Cleft type was not a significant predictor of SDQ score at any age. Conclusions: Children aged 5 and 10 years of age born with a cleft may experience greater overall psychosocial difficulties than the general population. The domains on the SDQ on which children experience difficulty may be influenced by age and gender. Future research should focus on the specific impact of cleft-related issues, including speech, language, and hearing difficulties, on psychosocial adjustment.

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Patients’ general satisfaction with the appearance of anterior maxillary teeth

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp151110248l ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 520-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vlatka Lajnert ◽

Daniela Kovacevic-Pavicic ◽

Hrvoje Pezo ◽

Aleksandra Stevanovic ◽

Tatjana Jovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Plaque ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Tooth Shape ◽

General Satisfaction ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Dental Appearance ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

Background/Aim. Dental appearance plays an important role in practically all personal social interactions. The main factors that define the dental appearance are tooth colour, shape and position, quality of restoration, and the general position of the teeth in arch, especially in the anterior region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dental status (tooth shape, fracture, dental and prosthetic restorations and presence of plaque) on patient''s satisfaction with the dental appearance, controlling for the age and gender. Methods. A total of 700 Caucasian subjects (439 women) aged 18?86 (median 45 years) participated in the cross-sectional study. Study included clinical examination and self-administrated questionnaire based on selfperceived aesthetics and satisfaction with the appearance of their maxillary anterior teeth. Results. A regression analysis demonstrated that presence of dental plaque, tooth fracture, composite fillings and crowns had significant independent contribution and were negative predictors of satisfaction with teeth appearance. Participants with presence of plaque on upper teeth (p < 0.001), fractures (p = 0.005), composite fillings (p < 0.001) and crowns (p = 0.032) were less satisfied than those without it. Model explains 12% or variance of general satisfaction with the appearance of maxillary frontal teeth (p < 0.001) and the major contributors are composite fillings (5.3%) and plaque (3.2%). Tooth shape, age and gender were not significant predictors of satisfaction. Conclusion. Satisfaction with the teeth appearance is under the influence of many factors with significant negative influence of presence of dental plaque, fractures, composite restorations, and crowns.

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Social Perception of Self-Enhanced Photographs

Facial Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1741110 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keon M. Parsa ◽

Karina Charipova ◽

Eugenia Chu ◽

Michael J. Reilly

Keyword(s):

Social Perception ◽

Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Web Based ◽

Survey Tool ◽

And Gender ◽

Age Range ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe use of appearance manipulating applications on our smartphones has increased in popularity. As the aim of this study is to determine the impact of self-directed appearance manipulation on perceptions of personality and examine the influence of respondent age and gender on the various personality domains. This cross-sectional cohort study included 20 subjects between the ages of 18 to 34 who had headshots taken and were provided an introduction on the use of the Facetune2 app. After 1 week of engaging in digital appearance manipulation, subjects submitted their self-determined most attractive edited photograph. Four surveys were constructed with 10 sets of photographs each. Each of these surveys were then sent to lay people via a web-based survey tool. Anonymous blinded respondents used a 7-point Likert scale to rate their perception of each patient's aggressiveness, likeability, sociability, trustworthiness, attractiveness, authenticity, and masculinity or femininity. A multivariate linear mixed effect model was applied to analyze the overall patient trait data as well as to assess the impact of rater age and gender. A total of 288 respondents (mean age range, 25–34 years [43%]; 202 [70%] female) completed a survey. Overall, digitally enhanced photographs were perceived as more attractive (0.22; 95% CI, 0.06–0.38). Analysis based on gender of the study subjects revealed increased attractiveness scores for men (0.19; 95% CI, 0.07–0.33). Females were also perceived as being more attractive (0.16; 95% CI, 0.03–0.40), but less authentic (−0.24; 95% CI, −0.36 to −0.12). Females rated enhanced photographs of men as less masculine (−0.23; 95% CI, −0.46 to −0.04). Raters aged 35 to 64 rated altered photos as less attractive (0.31; 95% CI, 0.09–0.52), authentic (0.20; 95% CI, 0.01–0.38), and gender enhancing (0.42; 95% CI, 0.24–0.61) compared with individuals aged 18 to 34. Patients and surgeons should be aware of the ways in which self-enhanced photographs may affect social perception.

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Hand Force of Men and Women Over 65 Years of Age as Measured by Maximum Pinch and Grip Force

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.16.1.24 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 24-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Caroline W. Stegink Jansen ◽

Bruce R. Niebuhr ◽

Daniel J. Coussirat ◽

Dana Hawthorne ◽

Laura Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grip Force ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Age Groups ◽

Normative Values ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Pinch Force ◽

Hand Force ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the impact of age and gender on 4 measures of grip and pinch force of well elderly community dwellers and to provide normative values. The hypotheses were that age and gender affect pinch and grip force and that these 2 factors might interact. Hand strength of 224 seniors 65–92 years old was tested. Grip and pinch force decreased in successively older age groups past 65 years. Men’s grip force exceeded that of women in all age groups. Men’s hand-force decline was steeper than that of women over successive age groups, suggesting that gender differences in force decreased with age. Trends were the same for all 4 types of grip- and pinch-force measurement but were most clearly visible in grip and key-pinch force. Norms were provided for seniors age 65–85+ years in 5-yr increments.

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Influencers on YouTube: a quantitative study on young people’s use and perception of videos about political and societal topics

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-020-01164-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Zimmermann ◽

Christian Noll ◽

Lars Gräßer ◽

Kai-Uwe Hugger ◽

Lea Marie Braun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Study ◽

Role Model ◽

Age Groups ◽

Research Field ◽

Future Research ◽

Opinion Formation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Youtube Videos ◽

And Gender

AbstractThe roles of YouTube videos and YouTubers for getting information about political and societal topics are becoming gradually more important to young people. Quantitative research about young people’s use and perception of YouTube-videos and their potential effects on opinion formation is sparse though. This cross-sectional quantitative study addresses this empirical gap. We examined young people’s analytic-critical evaluations of YouTubers and their videos about political and societal topics (YTPS-videos), and how these are affected by the young people’s age and gender. We analysed questionnaire data of 562 participants and divided them into three different age groups. Overall, the participants reported a moderate watching frequency of YTPS-videos. They also rated YTPS-videos as moderately credible and considered specific characteristics of YTPS-videos and their producers as being moderately indicative for fake news. When comparing to traditional TV news, YTPS-videos were perceived as more entertaining, emotional, funny, exciting, modern, and motivating but also as more subjective and manipulating. Regarding YouTubers, the participants ascribed them an important role model function, but criticised them for handling it rather irresponsibly. Concerning opinion formation processes, the participants reported of a rather unimportant role of YTPS-videos for their learning about political and societal topics. They also perceived themselves as less influenceable than other peers and younger people. Still, they prefer talking with friends instead of teachers about YTPS-videos. Age and gender also had effects on various scales. These results deliver essential data for future research and educational measures and opened up unexplored areas in this research field.

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An Analytical Study to Explore Iron Stores in a Population of Nowshera Based on Age and Gender Perspective

Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science ◽

10.37762/jgmds.9-1.132 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Hamzullah Khan ◽

Mohammad Basharat Khan ◽

Shahtaj Khan ◽

Saiqa Zahoor ◽

Anwar Khan Wazir

Keyword(s):

Ferritin Level ◽

Age Groups ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Study Population ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Iron Stores ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the impact of age and gender on iron stores in a population of the Nowshera region. METHODOLOGY: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from 1st January 2019 to 31st March 2020. All patients were selected by convenience sampling in the Pathology department irrespective of age and gender. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze data by the latest SPSS version 25. RESULTS: Out of the total study population males were 70 (27.1%) and females 188 (77.9%) with median age 30 years. The median ferritin level was 12.8 ng/ml. Out of total, 142 (55%) of cases were with serum ferritin less than 15ng/ml. A significant (p=0.03) gender based median ferritin level difference was observed with 1.5 times more probability of low iron stores in females as compared to males (OR=1.5). No statistically significant difference in body iron stores exists in different age groups. CONCLUSION: A significant difference was noted in the iron stores in gender groups and the probability of depleted/low iron stores was higher in female gender as compared to male gender in all age groups in our population.

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Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 2097-2108

Author(s):

Robyn L. Croft ◽

Courtney T. Byrd

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

The Self ◽

Future Research ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Adults Who Stutter ◽

And Gender ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

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The impact of age and gender on the presentation and prognosis of medullary thyroid cancer - an Israeli multicenter study

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.49.ep1391 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Orit Twito ◽

Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg ◽

Carlos Benbassat ◽

Sigal Llevy ◽

Gideon Bachar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Multicenter Study ◽

Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Medullary Thyroid ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

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Engagement with daily testing instead of self-isolating in contacts of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11135-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alex F. Martin ◽

Sarah Denford ◽

Nicola Love ◽

Derren Ready ◽

Isabel Oliver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Service Evaluation ◽

Future Research ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Group ◽

Negative Test ◽

The Impact ◽

Close Contacts

Abstract Background In December 2020, Public Health England with NHS Test and Trace initiated a pilot study in which close contacts of people with confirmed COVID-19 were given the option to carryout lateral flow device antigen tests at home, as an alternative to self-isolation for 10–14 days. In this study, we evaluated engagement with daily testing, and assessed levels of adherence to the rules relating to behaviour following positive or negative test results. Methods We conducted a service evaluation of the pilot study, examining survey responses from a subset of those who responded to an evaluation questionnaire. We used an online cross-sectional survey offered to adult contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases who consented to daily testing. We used a comparison group of contacts who were not offered testing and instead self-isolated. Results Acceptability of daily testing was lower among survey respondents who were not offered the option of testing and among people from ethnic minority groups. Overall, 52% of respondents reported being more likely to share details of people that they had been in contact with following a positive test result, if they knew that their contacts would be offered the option of daily testing. Only 2% reported that they would be less likely to provide details of their contacts. On the days that they were trying to self-isolate, 19% of participants reported that they left the house, with no significant group differences. Following a negative test, 13% of respondents reported that they increased their contacts, but most (58%) reported having fewer risky contacts. Conclusions Our data suggest that daily testing is potentially acceptable, may facilitate sharing contact details of close contacts among those who test positive for COVID-19, and promote adherence to self-isolation. A better understanding is needed of how to make this option more acceptable for all households. The impact of receiving a negative test on behaviour remains a risk that needs to be monitored and mitigated by appropriate messaging. Future research should examine attitudes and behaviour in a context where infection levels are lower, testing is more familiar, and restrictions on activity have been reduced.

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Exploring Impact of Age and Gender on Sentiment Analysis Using Machine Learning

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9020374 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 374 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sudhanshu Kumar ◽

Monika Gahalawat ◽

Partha Pratim Roy ◽

Debi Prosad Dogra ◽

Byung-Gyu Kim

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Sentiment Analysis ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Age Groups ◽

Modern World ◽

Support Vector ◽

Digital Information ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

Sentiment analysis is a rapidly growing field of research due to the explosive growth in digital information. In the modern world of artificial intelligence, sentiment analysis is one of the essential tools to extract emotion information from massive data. Sentiment analysis is applied to a variety of user data from customer reviews to social network posts. To the best of our knowledge, there is less work on sentiment analysis based on the categorization of users by demographics. Demographics play an important role in deciding the marketing strategies for different products. In this study, we explore the impact of age and gender in sentiment analysis, as this can help e-commerce retailers to market their products based on specific demographics. The dataset is created by collecting reviews on books from Facebook users by asking them to answer a questionnaire containing questions about their preferences in books, along with their age groups and gender information. Next, the paper analyzes the segmented data for sentiments based on each age group and gender. Finally, sentiment analysis is done using different Machine Learning (ML) approaches including maximum entropy, support vector machine, convolutional neural network, and long short term memory to study the impact of age and gender on user reviews. Experiments have been conducted to identify new insights into the effect of age and gender for sentiment analysis.

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