Cleft Care Readability: Can Patients Access Helpful Online Resources?

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562098024
Author(s):  
J. Roscoe Wasserburg ◽  
Farah Sayegh ◽  
Paymon Sanati-Mehrizy ◽  
Francis D. Graziano ◽  
Peter J. Taub
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Search Term ◽  
School Students ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Patient Resources ◽  
Readability Level

Objective: The present study identifies and analyzes online patient resources for cleft lip with or without cleft palate to survey the online educational landscape relative to the recommended difficulty set by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and American Medical Association (AMA). Methods: An internet search of “cleft palate,” “cleft lip,” and 12 similar inputs were entered into a search engine. The first 50 links for each search term were identified, collected, and reviewed individually for relevance and accessibility. The content of the websites was analyzed with Readability Studio Version 2019.1. The following readability metrics were utilized in this study: (1) Coleman-Liau (grade levels), (2) New Dale-Chall, (3) Flesch-Kincaid, (4) Flesch Reading Ease, (5) FORCAST, (6) Fry, (7) Gunning Fog, (8) New Fog Count, (9) Raygor Readability Estimate, and (10) Simple Measure of Gobbledygook. Results: In no combination of search terms did any collection of links provide information within the mid-seventh grade levels recommended by the NIH. The analysis of 143 unique websites in the “Cleft Palate” group showed a readability level appropriate to high school students. The analysis of 144 unique websites in the “Cleft Lip” group showed a readability level appropriate for eighth grade students with 6 months of class complete. Conclusions: The information presented to patients on cleft care is too complex and well above the recommended 7th-grade reading level target set forth by the NIH and AMA, which hinders functional health literacy.

Development of a Depression Locus of Control Scale

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Whitman ◽  
Sharon M. Desmond ◽  
James H. Price
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Validity Criterion

A 12-item Depression Locus of Control Scale was given to 117 white high school students. The scale has three subscales, internal (4 items), chance (4 items), and powerful others (4 items). Reliability assessed by test-retest was .55 and Cronbach alphas were for the subscales listed above .63, .73, and .66, respectively. Content validity, criterion-related validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity were examined. Reading level was at the eighth grade. It is recommended that the more specific Depression Locus of Control Scale be used in studies of depression.

A Nation at Rest: The American Way of Homework

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Gill ◽  
Steven L. Schlossman
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Primary Grade ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
School Students ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
American Children

We use several national surveys to provide a 50-year perspective on time spent on homework. The great majority of American children at all grade levels now spend less than one hour studying on a typical day—an amount that has not changed substantially in at least 20 years. Moreover, high school students in the late 1940s and early 1950s studied no more than their counterparts did in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Changes in educational opinion on homework over the last half century have had little effect on student behavior, with only two notable exceptions: a temporary increase in homework time in the decade following Sputnik, and a new willingness in the last two decades to assign small amounts to primary-grade students.

Applications: Analyzing Data Relating to the Challenger Disaster

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-426
Author(s):  
Linda Tappin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
High School ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Student Involvement ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
School Students ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Using Data

Memories of the Challenger disaster that occurred on 28 January 1986 are still vivid in the minds of many high school students. Thus, using data relating to this event can promote student involvement. This article introduces students to statistics by illustrating its vital role in decision making. Students at various grade levels with varying backgrounds will find this activity motivating and stimulating. Little or no background is necessary to appreciate this application of statistics involving exponential functions, mathematical modeling, probability, and curve sketching.

Drugs in the High School

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Lerner ◽  
Ronald L. Linder ◽  
Judy C. Drolet
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Public High School ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Public ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Public High School Students

An upward trend of psychoactive drug use within the lower grade levels was observed among 616 high school students. Although different patterns of drug use exist between parochial and public high school sophomores, by their junior year the two groups were similar. Over half of the public high school students claimed they take drugs either “for kicks” or “for curiosity”.

High Prevalence of Dysgraphia in Elementary Through High School Students With ADHD and Autism

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan D. Mayes ◽  
Rosanna P. Breaux ◽  
Susan L. Calhoun ◽  
Sara S. Frye
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Students ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Developmental Test ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Students With Adhd

Objective:Prevalence of dysgraphia by age across all grade levels was determined in students with ADHD or autism. Method: Referred children with normal intelligence and ADHD–Combined, ADHD–Inattentive, or autism ( N = 1,034) were administered the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Results: VMI and WISC Coding scores were significantly lower than IQ and the normal mean of 100 for all diagnoses. More than half (59%) had dysgraphia, and 92% had a weakness in graphomotor ability relative to other abilities. Dysgraphia prevalence did not differ between diagnostic or age groups (6-7 years, 56%; 8-10 years, 60%; and 11-16 years, 61%). Conclusion: Dysgraphia is common at all ages in children and adolescents with ADHD and autism. Accommodations and strategies for addressing this problem are discussed.

scholarly journals An Italian adaptation of the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale: Testing measurement invariance across grade levels and exploring associations with academic achievement

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255814
Author(s):  
Michele Vecchione ◽  
Mariacarolina Vacca
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
School Students ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Scale Scores

This study aims to examine the properties of an Italian version of the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), one of the most widely used instrument for the assessment of self-oriented (SOP) and socially-prescribed (SPP) perfectionism in young people. The study was conducted on two large samples of middle (n = 379, Mage = 11.31) and high school (n = 451, Mage = 15.21) students. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the expected three-factor structure, comprising SOP-Striving, SOP-Critical, and SPP. Multigroup analyses provided evidence of configural, metric, and (partial) scalar measurement invariance across grade levels. Structural invariance (i.e., the invariance of factor variances and covariances) was also established. The scale scores exhibited a differentiated pattern of relations with personality traits and academic achievement, as measured by school grades: SOP-Critical and SPP were positively related to neuroticism and have adverse effects on grades of middle and high school students, respectively. SOP-Striving, by contrast, was positively related to conscientiousness and predicted higher grades. The SOP-Striving-achievement relation was consistent across grade levels and held even after controlling for individual differences in conscientiousness and neuroticism. In sum, results from this study establish sound psychometric properties for an Italian version of the CAPS, providing support for the dual nature of self-oriented perfectionism among adolescents of different ages.

scholarly journals The Self-Determination Theory and Mathematics Motivation: Grade Levels and Gender Differences among United Arab Emirates Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Jalal Haj Hussien
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
School Students ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Mathematics Motivation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of students’ grade levels, gender, and interaction between the two on mathematics motivation. In addition, the relationship between students’ various types of mathematics motivation and achievement were examined. Four hundred twenty four elementary school students (186 boys and 238 girls), 588 middle school students (296 boys and 292 girls), and 276 high school students (154 boys and 122 girls) completed the MMS. The findings of this study showed that all types of motivation in mathematics steadily decreased with grade advancement (elementary through high school) with the exception of introjected regulation. Moreover, results indicated a significant gender difference in each type of mathematics motivation, exception regarding intrinsic motivation, where the difference was not significant. In addition, the interaction between grade levels and gender was significant only in students’ introjected regulation; the differences in intrinsic, external regulation, and amotivation were consistent between males and females in different grade levels. Finally, the results revealed a significant relationship between all types of motivation and mathematics achievement as well as overall academic achievement. 

scholarly journals Comparison of “Course Study and Learning Strategies” Used by 9th and 12th Grade Students in Anatolian and Science High Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Mahmut Oğuz Kutlu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
School Students ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Science High School

The main aim of this study is to comparatively examine the “Studying and Learning Strategies” used by the students of Science and Anatolian High Schools, which are the general secondary instruction level in the Turkish Educational System, at Adana province example in Turkey. The study is a descriptive study, a relational survey model. The population of the study is 9th and 12th grade students who are studying in Anatolian and Science High Schools in the city center of Adana. This study group of this research is consisted of 393 students in 9th and 12th grades who were studying at Adana Science High School and Seyhan İMKB Anatolian High School in the spring term of the 2019-2020 academic year. As a data collection tool, the “Study and Learning Strategies Scale for High School Students” developed by Kutlu, Yapıcı and Korkmaz (2015), consisting of 46 items and five sub-dimensions, was used. As a result of the study, when the “Study and Learning Strategies” of the students are examined according to school types; It has been determined that there is a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of “Repetition” and “Enjoying Learning”. It has been observed that there is a significant difference between male and female students in “Repetition” and “Self-Confidence” sub-dimensions according to the gender of the students. There is no significant difference between the levels of 9th and 12th grade students studying at Science and Anatolian High Schools according to their grade levels.

scholarly journals Utilization and Satisfaction of Basic Guidance Services of High School Students in a Catholic School

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
Ma. Dionita V. Vergara, MSLT ◽  
Celo I. Magallanes
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Catholic School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Guidance Services ◽  
School Year ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction

One of the primary functions of education is to provide students with opportunities to maximize their full potentials in all areas of life. A school's guidance and counseling program's function is to offer a broad spectrum of services to facilitate students' growth and development. These services include but are not limited to individual inventory, information service, counseling, service, placement service, and follow up service. Hence, this paper describes the extent of utilization and the degree of satisfaction of high school students in a Catholic school in Antique during the school year 2019-2020. Likewise, it explores the significant difference in the extent of utilization and the degree of satisfaction vis-à-vis the respondent's sex and grade levels.

scholarly journals PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ READING LEVELS OF LINE GRAPHS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
PEDRO ARTEAGA ◽  
DANILO DÍAZ-LEVICOY ◽  
CARMEN BATANERO
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Line Graph ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Line Graphs ◽  
School Students ◽  
Reading Levels ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Data Value ◽  
Educación Primaria

The aim of this research was to describe the errors and reading levels that 6th and 7th grade Chilean primary school children reach when working with line graphs. To achieve this objective, we gave a questionnaire, previously validated by experts with two open-ended tasks, to a sample of 745 students from different Chilean cities. In the first task, we asked the children to read the title of the graph, describe the variables represented and perform a direct and inverse reading of a data value. In the second task, where we address the visual effect of a scale change in a representation, the students had to select the line graph more convenient to a candidate. Although both tasks were considered easy for the grade levels targeted, only some of the students achieved the highest reading level and many made occasional errors in the reading of the graphs. Abstract: Spanish El objetivo de esta investigación es describir los errores y niveles de lectura que alcanzan estudiantes chilenos de 6º y 7º grado de Educación Primaria al trabajar con gráficos de líneas. Para lograr este objetivo, se aplicó un cuestionario, previamente validado por expertos, con dos tareas abiertas a una muestra de 745 estudiantes de diferentes ciudades chilenas. En la primera tarea, se pidió que leyeran el título del gráfico, indicaran las variables representadas y realizaran una lectura directa y otra inversa de un valor de datos. En la segunda tarea, los estudiantes deben seleccionar y justificar el gráfico de líneas más conveniente para respaldar a un candidato, donde se aborda el efecto visual de cambio de escala en una representación. Aunque ambas tareas fueron fáciles, solo una parte de los estudiantes logró el máximo nivel de lectura y aparecieron errores ocasionales en la lectura de los gráficos.

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