What does the concept of affordances afford?

2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232098268
Author(s):  
Rob Withagen ◽  
Alan Costall
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
The Many ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Functional Concept

Gibson once suggested that his ecological approach could provide architecture and design with a new theoretical basis. Erik Rietveld takes up this suggestion—the concept of affordances figures prominently not only in his philosophical and scientific work but also in the design practices he is engaged in. However, as Gibson introduced affordances as a functional concept, it seems ill-suited to capture the many dimensions of our lived experience of the (manufactured) environment. Can the concept of affordances also take on the expressive and aesthetic qualities of artifacts and buildings?

Biotics: Competition, Herbivory, Predation, Parasitism and Symbiosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Brönmark ◽  
Lars-Anders Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
The Many

If biological interactions, such as competition and predation, have any effect on population dynamics, or if abiotic factors alone determine which organisms, how many of them do we see in a specific ecosystem, was for long a controversial question. This chapter aims at providing the basis for the understanding of biological interactions, as well as showing ample examples of how important those interactions are in shaping both population dynamics and ecosystem function of natural systems. In addition to the many examples, the reader is introduced to the history and the theoretical basis for biological interactions.

scholarly journals Optic Flow: Perceiving and Acting in a 3-D World

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166952098725
Author(s):  
Brian Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Many ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Radical Ideas

In 1979, James Gibson completed his third and final book “The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception”. That book can be seen as the synthesis of the many radical ideas he proposed over the previous 30 years – the concept of information and its sufficiency, the necessary link between perception and action, the need to see perception in relation to an animal's particular ecological niche and the meanings (affordances) offered by the visual world. One of the fundamental concepts that lies beyond all of Gibson's thinking is that of optic flow: the constantly changing patterns of light that reach our eyes and the information it provides. My purpose in writing this paper has been to evaluate the legacy of Gibson's conceptual ideas and to consider how his ideas have influenced and changed the way we study perception.

James Dyson, 10 December 1914 - 22 January 1990

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 150-174
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
National Physical Laboratory ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Great Satisfaction ◽  
Many Instruments ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Wrong Direction ◽  
The Many

James Dyson always reckoned that he had been a lucky person, actually paid to do just what he wanted to do, work in optics. He recalled that as a very small boy in his cot he had noticed that he could see through the slats of the cot, could see objects behind these slats (because, of course, of binocular vision); had been surprised to see images of passing vehicles - seen on the wall of his bedroom - apparently moving in the wrong direction; this was because a hole in the fan light acted as a pin-hole camera, and even at that age he worked out the reason for the strange movements. His father, a joiner and cabinet maker and artist with a strong flair for invention, had made a telescope for which he ground the mirrors; watching the telescope grow set ‘Jim’ firmly on the track of optical instrumentation, a track that he travelled fast and with distinction. His interest in the telescope led him to astronomy; at an early age he tried to calculate Jupiter’s orbit and thus became interested in mathematics, all his life he was never at a loss to calculate all he needed for the development of the many instruments he invented. In the Research Laboratory of the Associated Electrical Industries (AEI Ltd) he was in great demand, helping scientists in other disciplines to solve their problems by one or other of the instruments he devised, and in moving to the Optics Division of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) he continued in the same vein. He was extremely happy in all his scientific work and gave great satisfaction to his colleagues by the cheerful way he helped them.

scholarly journals The lived experience of anxiety and the many facets of pain: A qualitative, arts-based approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Lynn Woodgate ◽  
Pauline Tennent ◽  
Sarah Barriage ◽  
Nicole Legras
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
The Many

scholarly journals A Socio-Ecological Approach to Mitigating Wildfire Vulnerability in the Wildland Urban Interface: A Case Study from the 2017 Thomas Fire

Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal A. Kolden ◽  
Carol Henson
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Community Partnerships ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Extreme Wind ◽  
The Many ◽  
Extreme Fire ◽  
Vulnerability Mitigation

Wildfire disasters are one of the many consequences of increasing wildfire activities globally, and much effort has been made to identify strategies and actions for reducing human vulnerability to wildfire. While many individual homeowners and communities have enacted such strategies, the number subjected to a subsequent wildfire is considerably lower. Furthermore, there has been limited documentation on how mitigation strategies impact wildfire outcomes across the socio-ecological spectrum. Here we present a case report documenting wildfire vulnerability mitigation strategies undertaken by the community of Montecito, California, and how such strategies addressed exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. We utilize geospatial data, recorded interviews, and program documentation to synthesize how those strategies subsequently impacted the advance of the 2017 Thomas Fire on the community of Montecito under extreme fire danger conditions. Despite the extreme wind conditions and interviewee estimates of potentially hundreds of homes being consumed, only seven primary residences were destroyed by the Thomas Fire, and firefighters indicated that pre-fire mitigation activities played a clear, central role in the outcomes observed. This supports prior findings that community partnerships between agencies and citizens are critical for identifying and implementing place-based solutions to reducing wildfire vulnerability.

Andrey Krasnov’s contribution into development of comparative approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
M. Davydiuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Original Works ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time

The paper is devoted to the outstanding native botanist-geographer Andrey Nikolayevich Krasnov (1862-1914), who, with his original works, left a remarkable track in the history of geographic science. He has done a lot for the development of geography. Geospatial comparative-geographic research occupied a special place in the many-sided scientific work of the outstanding educator and geographer. Andrey Krasnov conducted them in the homeland and in different places of the globe. The purpose of this study is to highlight multi-component comparative-geographical developments, which are widely represented in Andrey Krasnov’s works. Elements of comparative analysis and comparative approach as a whole in these publications focus on itself all the richness of research work and constructive nature use results of the scientist, relevant up to now. Andrey Krasnov substantially enriched the comparative approach with the techniques of geographical comparative method with regard to research of the comparable geospatial objects of nature, and also considerably strengthened the approach by methods of paleogeographical, genetic, morphological, geomorphological, evolutionary, landscape-science content. Andrey Krasnov’s original geomorphological hypothesis of steppes forestlessness was developed by comparative study of steppe nature in different parts of the world. Using comparative approach Andrey Krasnov came to the conclusion that it is possible to create "Japan" in Colchis and grow tea there. The co-creation of man with nature realized by him (in the case of the introduction of tropical plants in analogical environment) was carried out on the basis of comparative-geographical approach. In that co-creation the future of constructive geography was guessed. Andrey Krasnov advanced and worked out the idea of "geographic combinations" – landscapes as the main objects of study of geographical science. This idea preceded the science of geographic landscapes and their regionalization, as well as the distinguishing of landscapes-analogues in different regions and zones of the Earth. Andrey Krasnov for the first time in the national literature has outlined the landscape regions and zones (strips) for the territory of the entire globe. In the scientific work of Andrey Krasnov the scientist and artist were harmoniously combined. His works are an example of combination of high scholarship with artistic presentation. He significantly developed the research capabilities of comparative approach and expanded the horizons of its effectiveness, including the teaching and educational field.

scholarly journals Likelihood of being Physically Inactive from a Nationally Representative sample of Autistic Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Autism Severity ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disability ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Many

Despite the many health risks of physical inactivity, studies have demonstrated individual, family, and environmental determinants of inactivity for autistic children. However, these studies never examined these correlates at the same time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore these ecological domains concurrently when examining physical inactivity correlates for autistic children. This study used data from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Childrens Health. The authors predicted physical inactivity while controlling for child, parental/household, and neighborhood correlates with autism status as the comparison group. When controlling for covariates, children with co-occurring autism and intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36-2.68) or ASD only (aOR = 1.91, CI: 1.48-2.48) were significantly more likely to be inactive when compared to children without autism or IDD. However, autism medicine and autism severity were not predictors for obese autistic children. These findings indicate that it is important to take a holistic, ecological approach when exploring the correlates of inactivity for autistic children.

scholarly journals CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SELECTED TRANSPORT COMPANY OPERATED ON THE CZECH MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Simona Činčalová ◽  
Zuzana Nováková
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Transport Industry ◽  
Iso 14001 Certification ◽  
Corporate Social

Corporate social responsibility is a much-discussed topic because it includes an inexhaustible number of activities in the economic, social and environmental fields. The basic theoretical basis of social responsibility is applied to a specific Czech company. A questionnaire for the employees of the subsidiary helped with the research. It was found that the company is doing very well in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and has a good portfolio for compiling a comprehensive CSR report, which is a proposal as one of the measures. Another area suitable for the development of some activities is the ecological part. The company actively supports the ecological approach and behaviour, and it has set some measures, such as ISO 14001 certification at its gas station branches, so it is well on its way to certifying its office buildings. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, transport industry, Czech Republic

scholarly journals FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INNOVATIVE AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
М.С. Агафонова ◽  
О.Г. Шальнев
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Comprehensive Management

Введение. В работе уточнен алгоритм устойчивого инновационно-финансового развития и обеспечения инвестиционно-строительной деятельности ЦЧР, который построен на корректировке основных элементов стратегии, которая действует в регионе, при сочетании ресурсов бюджета и отдельных инвесторов. Проведен мониторинг эффективности аккумулирования инвестиций в строительство. Показан процесс финансового обеспечения инвестициями строительства, на условии сочетания бюджетных мер, лизинга, страхования, факторинга и средств государственной поддержки; дополнительных ресурсов, которые сосредоточены на предприятии; посредством формирования инновационных инвестиционно-финансовых кластеров в ЦЧР. Данные и методы. Научная работа построена на последовательном исследовательском пути с использованием следующих научных форм: абстрактно-логической, математической, аналитической, статистической, диалектической. Полученные результаты. В работе применена авторская методология оценки инвестиционного обеспечения строительной отрасли, в основу которой положено исчисление четырех групп взаимосвязанных показателей, как составных компонентов интегрального показателя эффективности привлечения инвестиций; существенным отличием является возможность выбора инвестиционного сценария развития отрасли, позволяющего спрогнозировать результаты реализации действующих инвестиционных стратегий региона. Заключение. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в качестве теоретической основы для построения комплексной системы управления строительными предприятиями, выполняющими инновационные исследования и разработки. Introduction. The article clarifies the algorithm of sustainable innovation and financial development and provision of investment and construction activities of the cdr, which is based on the adjustment of the main elements of the strategy operating in the region, with a combination of budget resources and individual investors. Monitoring of efficiency of accumulation of investments in construction is carried out. The article shows the process of financial support of investments in construction, provided a combination of budget measures, leasing, insurance, factoring and state support; additional resources that are focused on the enterprise; through the formation of innovative investment and financial clusters in the CDR. Data and methods. scientific work is based on a consistent research path using the following scientific forms: abstract-logical, mathematical, analytical, statistical, dialectical and mathematical. The results obtained. In work the technique of evaluation of investment support of the construction industry, which is based on the calculation of four sets of interrelated indicators as integral components of the integral index of efficiency of investment; an essential feature is the ability to select an investment scenario of the industry, allowing to predict the results of the implementation of existing investment strategies in the region. Conclusion. The results of the study can be used as a theoretical basis for building a comprehensive management system for construction companies engaged in innovative research and development work.

METHODOLOGY FOR BUILDING SYSTEM PROCESSES IN COMPANIES FOR SUCCESSFUL INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelina Kulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Building System ◽  
The Many ◽  
Research Analysis

Globalization opens new challenges for business organizations (new competitors and new market opportunities), which have a strong impact on international business and corporate strategies. There arises a need for the introduction and implementation of a comprehensive system that integrates the many processes in companies which are key to their more efficient and effective functioning in international business operation. The purpose of this study is to propose a methodological scheme for building system processes in companies, which will be the basis for successful international business. This scientific work is based on author's interpretation, research, analysis, synthesis, adaptation of publications by Bulgarian and foreign authors. The methodology focuses on 4 main levels: a business model that creates value for the business; creating a system for effective marketing and sales; building a system of efficient practices and processes in the company's activities; a strategy for business development on international markets. This methodology for building system processes in companies for successful international business is an attempt to achieve a view of business as a complete system, each process of which works for the progress of the whole business entity. Тhe paper can serve the practitioners, entrepreneurs and managers when they want to expand their business on international markets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document