Are Cyber Attackers Thinking Fast and Slow? Exploratory Analysis Reveals Evidence of Decision-Making Biases in Red Teamers

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gutzwiller ◽  
Kimberly J. Ferguson-Walter ◽  
Sunny J. Fugate
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Take The Best ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
Decision Making Biases

We report on whether cyber attacker behaviors contain decision making biases. Data from a prior experiment were analyzed in an exploratory fashion, making use of think-aloud responses from a small group of red teamers. The analysis provided new observational evidence of traditional decision-making biases in red team behaviors (confirmation bias, anchoring, and take-the-best heuristic use). These biases may disrupt red team decisions and goals, and simultaneously increase their risk of detection. Interestingly, at least part of the bias induction may be related to the use of cyber deception. Future directions include the development of behavioral measurement techniques for these and additional cognitive biases in cyber operators, examining the role of attacker traits, and identifying the conditions where biases can be induced successfully in experimental conditions.

scholarly journals The role of experience on techno-entrepreneurs’ decision making biases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1957-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouria Nouri ◽  
Behrooz Jamali ◽  
Ehsan Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Cognitive Bias and its Relationship to Decision Making: the Case of Talented Secondary Students in Jeddah: الانحياز المعرفي وعلاقته باتخاذ القرار لدى عينة من طالبات المرحلة الثانوية الموهوبات بمدينة جدة

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalal Hamid Al-Dhahri, Arwa Abdullah Al-Ghamdi, Mogeda El-Sa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
School Administration ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims at investigating the relationship between cognitive biases and decision making from a sample of gifted secondary students. It also aims at identifying the level of students’ cognitive biases and decision making and the differences in these two areas based on different classrooms. Random sampling was used to collect data from 139 female secondary students from the gifted group. Their age ranged between (16-18) with an average of (16.6), A descriptive method was adopted in the study. The research tools used consisted of DACOBS David Assessment of Cognitive biases Scale (Vander Gaag. et al., 2000), translated and standardized by the present researchers, and Tuistra’s decision making scale for teenagers (Tuinstra, et al., 2000). The findings of the study show a negative correlation between cognitive biases and decision making. Also, there were no differences between cognitive biases and decision making scores based on different classrooms. The study also shows a low level of students’ cognitive biases and a high level of decision making. The study recommends activating the role of mentors and students' counseling, planning for the values and behaviors that need to be acquired by students by including them in the annual goals of the school administration and participating in societal awareness and education.

What Is It Like to Be a Citizen?

In Our Name ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Beerbohm
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Ethics Of Belief ◽  
Moral Obligations

This chapter defends a theory of citizenship that recognizes our need to make online decisions under electoral pressures, given our foibles as decision makers. Drawing upon the extensive literature on decision and judgment, it examines how fragile citizens are when it comes to decision making. The usual heuristics offered by political scientists suggest that citizens rely on informational shortcuts that are morally irresponsible. If we reconceive the role of the voter in explicitly moral terms, this approach is unsatisfactory in addressing the cognitive biases and defects of citizens. The chapter also considers the notion of cognitive partisanship and argues that it is unavoidable for decision makers to rely on heuristics when they reason about complex decisions. It concludes by emphasizing the task for a democratic ethics of belief: to provide citizens with heuristics that reduce the cognitive burden while respecting the moral obligations to attach to coercive, term-shaping decision making.

scholarly journals Neuroeconomics

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1451) ◽  
pp. 1737-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zeki ◽  
O. R. Goodenough ◽  
Paul J. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Social Decisions ◽  
New Directions

This paper introduces an emerging transdisciplinary field known as neuroeconomics. Neuroeconomics uses neuroscientific measurement techniques to investigate how decisions are made. First, I present a basic overview of neuroanatomy and explain how brain activity is measured. I then survey findings from the neuroeconomics literature on acquiring rewards and avoiding losses, learning, choice under risk and ambiguity, delay of gratification, the role of emotions in decision-making, strategic decisions and social decisions. I conclude by identifying new directions that neuroeconomics is taking, including applications to public policy and law.

scholarly journals Towards Mass Spectrometry-Based Chemical Exposome: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions

Toxics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingchuan Xue ◽  
Yunjia Lai ◽  
Chih-Wei Liu ◽  
Hongyu Ru
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
High Throughput Data ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
High Throughput Data Analysis

The proposal of the “exposome” concept represents a shift of the research paradigm in studying exposure-disease relationships from an isolated and partial way to a systematic and agnostic approach. Nevertheless, exposome implementation is facing a variety of challenges including measurement techniques and data analysis. Here we focus on the chemical exposome, which refers to the mixtures of chemical pollutants people are exposed to from embryo onwards. We review the current chemical exposome measurement approaches with a focus on those based on the mass spectrometry. We further explore the strategies in implementing the concept of chemical exposome and discuss the available chemical exposome studies. Early progresses in the chemical exposome research are outlined, and major challenges are highlighted. In conclusion, efforts towards chemical exposome have only uncovered the tip of the iceberg, and further advancement in measurement techniques, computational tools, high-throughput data analysis, and standardization may allow more exciting discoveries concerning the role of exposome in human health and disease.

Rational Suicide and AIDS

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Werth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rational Suicide ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Commit Suicide

One of the issues arising out of the increasing incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is whether or not suicide may be considered to be a rational choice for a person with AIDS. In an effort to address this dilemma, this article begins by reviewing the literature pertaining to suicide and persons with terminal illnesses. Then, after recounting the suicide rate for persons with AIDS, it explores some of the physical and psychosocial factors that may be a part of a decision by a person with AIDS to commit suicide. Siegel's criteria for a rational suicide are applied to the case of a person with AIDS. In addition, the role of the psychotherapist in the decision-making process is critically examined, as are some arguments against allowing suicide. Finally, suggestions for future directions by counseling psychologists are offered.

scholarly journals Role of the medial prefrontal cortex in the effects of rapid acting antidepressants on decision-making biases in rodents

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 2278-2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Hales ◽  
J. M. Bartlett ◽  
R. Arban ◽  
B. Hengerer ◽  
E. S. J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Opposition to Novel Biotechnologies: Testing An Omission Bias Account

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Halstead ◽  
Gary Lewis ◽  
Ryan McKay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
Omission Bias ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Held Back

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a significant toll on the global population, but biotechnology has a big role to play in arresting the spread of the virus. However, the adoption of biotechnologies may be held back by cognitive biases. In particular, omission bias – the observation that people are more sensitive to the negative outcomes of acting than to those of failing to act – has been suggested to influence vaccination decision making. Omission bias might also underpin attitudes towards newer biotechnologies. In this study, we explored the role of omission bias in vaccination, gene editing, and nanotechnology decision-making using a US sample (N = 613). We examined participant’s risk choices across these three biotechnologies, focussing on the point at which they would use the respective biotechnology to treat a fictional illness (COVID-23). Although our findings are nuanced, overall we observed evidence consistent with an omission bias across all three biotechnologies.

scholarly journals Islamic Managers and The Role Of Emotional Maturity In Decision-Making (Review of al-Qur’an and Science)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Iwan Fahri Cahyadi ◽  
Muhammad Zulham Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Emotional Maturity ◽  
Take The Best ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
A Company

<p><em>The role of managers in a company has a very strategic position, be it a large, medium or small scale company, although in each company the problems faced have different complexity and risk. This is where managers must be able to analyze problems or problems, choose and sort out various alternatives in solving a problem, take the best decisions and have the lowest risk, and be able to analyze the potential problems that arise in the future.</em><em> </em><em>A manager is required not only to have extensive knowledge and insight, but also emotional maturity. Like two sides of a coin, these two things must be utilized simultaneously in decision making so that the right decision is taken. Science and insights are physiological (brain) obtained from schools and their environments. While emotional maturity through religious approaches. Managers who practice religion well (Islamic Managers) then the maturity of their souls is more stable and secure. The manager who is close to God will get the happiness that comes from the endhorpin hormone that is present in humans that has been provided by God.</em></p>

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