Designing for Exploration and Exploitation in Experimental Search and Rescue Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 720-725
Author(s):  
Dylan A. Orth ◽  
Michael Buchanan ◽  
Ashish Amresh ◽  
Cassady Smith ◽  
Glenn Lematta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Usability Study ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Experimental Search ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Environment Exploration ◽  
Successful Outcomes

Exploration and exploitation are commonly cited in search and rescue scenarios to explain the process by which individuals work in a team and gather information about their environment (exploration) and identify potential solutions and adaptations (exploitation) to pursue successful outcomes. In this paper, we discuss exploration and exploitation as critical design features and highlight the importance of balancing them when designing team-based search and rescue missions. To test the proposed design decisions, we developed a usability study that includes two missions wherein teams consisting of three participants are tasked to rescue victims within a Minecraft-based 3D testbed.

scholarly journals NOVICE DESIGNERS' USE OF PROTOTYPES AS COMMUNICATION TOOLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2277-2286
Author(s):  
Sandeep Krishnakumar ◽  
Carlye Lauff ◽  
Christopher McComb ◽  
Catherine Berdanier ◽  
Jessica Menold
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Undergraduate Engineering ◽  
Novice Designers ◽  
Future Work

AbstractPrototypes are critical design artifacts, and recent studies have established the ability of prototypes to facilitate communication. However, prior work suggests that novice designers often fail to perceive prototypes as effective communication tools, and struggle to rationalize design decisions made during prototyping tasks. To understand the interactions between communication and prototypes, design pitches from 40 undergraduate engineering design teams were collected and qualitatively analysed. Our findings suggest that students used prototypes to explain and persuade, aligning with prior studies of design practitioners. The results also suggest that students tend to use prototypes to justify design decisions and adverse outcomes. Future work will seek to understand novice designers’ use of prototypes as communication tools in further depth. Ultimately, this work will inform the creation of pedagogical strategies to provide students with the skills needed to effectively communicate design solutions and intent.

A Taxonomy of Censors and Anti-Censors Part II

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Leberknight ◽  
Mung Chiang ◽  
Felix Ming Fai Wong
Keyword(s):  
Design Features ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Conceptual Study

This paper presents a conceptual study of Internet anti-censorship technologies. It begins with an overview of previous research on Internet anti-censorship systems and discusses their social, political and technological dimensions. Then for deployed Internet anti-censorship technologies, a taxonomy of their principles and techniques is presented, followed by a discussion of observed trends and implications. Based on the observations, the paper concludes with a discussion on the most critical design features to enable a successful and effective system.

Process performance measurement system – towards a customer-oriented solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Wieland ◽  
Marco Fischer ◽  
Marcus Pfitzner ◽  
Andreas Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Design Recommendation

Purpose – Based on a systematic literature review, requirements on a PPMS are identified in order to derive concrete demands and design features for such a system by using quality function deployment (QFD). The purpose of this paper is to formulate a proposal for design recommendations toward a holistic, customer-oriented Process Performance Measurement System (PPMS). Design/methodology/approach – A literature review is used to identify customer demands and design features that characterize a PPMS. To determine the critical design features of a customer-oriented solution, the QFD method is applied. Findings – The paper confirms that there is currently no published concept for an integrated, holistic PPMS. Therefore it provides a first approach to the formulation of a design recommendation based on the customer requirements and design features. A literature-based weighting facilitates a first identification of critical design features. The identified conditions specify the context which can be regarded as a prerequisite for the application of the system. Research limitations/implications – As a result of the investigation, two main issues were identified, which restrict the complete development of a House-of-Quality matrix and therefore require further research: First, no reliable relationships between the customer requirements and design features could be derived from the conducted content analysis and second, no correlations between the identified design features could be detected. Practical implications – The paper provides a design basis for specific application systems and their information requirement analyses. It can also serve as an evaluation basis for existing software products in the market. Originality/value – The connection of a literature review with the QFD procedure transfers a consolidated state of PPMS research into an applicable design recommendation and therefore supports rigor and relevance of the research.

Critical Design Features of Pre-Service Education Programs to Enhance Teacher Capacity to Effectively Work in Schools With Indigenous Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Labone ◽  
Patrick Cavanagh ◽  
Janette Long
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aboriginal Education ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Indigenous Students ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Classroom Management Strategies ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Aboriginal History

For more than 3 decades governments and education systems have struggled to address the gaps in educational outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. Over the past 10 years it has become increasingly apparent that central to redressing these gaps is the development of teachers who are able to effectively engage with Indigenous students, their families and communities. The introduction of National Professional Standards has increased the focus on the development of pre-service teachers’ capacity to effectively teach Indigenous students. In 2008, the New South Wales Department of Education (DET) and four universities implemented an enhanced teacher training program (ETTP) that was delivered to final-year primary pre-service teachers. The success and continuing expansion of this program, coupled with the current national focus on building pre-service teachers’ capacity to teach Indigenous students, suggests it is timely to detail the critical design features of, and rationale for, this program to inform and support development of similar programs within pre-service teacher education. The article reports on four critical elements of the program: knowledge and understanding of Aboriginal history and culture; effective cross-cultural communication skills; holistic understanding of Aboriginal education and strategies required for improving Aboriginal student outcomes; and appropriate pedagogy and classroom management strategies.

scholarly journals A Design Case for Implementing a Collaborative Strategy for Online Teams

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Funda Ergulec ◽  
Janet Mannheimer Zydney
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Course Development ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Online Collaborative Learning ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Building Activities

This paper describes a half semester long curricular and instructional design project focusing on the design and implementation of a collaborative strategy into a fully online graduate class in adult education. The purposeful group as-signment and team building strategy, collectively called the collaborative strategy, represents an instructional approach designed to increase the effectiveness of online collaborative learning. In this context, students are strategically assigned to teams based on their study habits, and they participate in several team-building activities designed to maintain the collaborative learning. This paper presents critical design decisions made during the course development, the reasons for those decisions, failures in which the design did not work as planned, and a reflection on the design.

scholarly journals Modelling of Autonomous Search and Rescue Missions by Interval-Valued Neutrosophic WASPAS Framework

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokas Semenas ◽  
Romualdas Bausys
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Neutrosophic Sets ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Evaluation Strategy ◽  
Environment Exploration ◽  
Interval Valued

The application of autonomous robots in search and rescue missions represents a complex task which requires a robot to make robust decisions in unknown and dangerous environments. However, imprecise robot movements and small measurement errors obtained by robot sensors can have an impact on the autonomous environment exploration quality, and therefore, should be addressed while designing search and rescue (SAR) robots. In this paper, a novel frontier evaluation strategy is proposed, that address technical, economic, social, and environmental factors of the sustainable environment exploration process, and a new extension of the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method, modelled under interval-valued neutrosophic sets (IVNS), is introduced for autonomous mobile robots. The general-purpose Pioneer 3-AT robot platform is applied in simulated search and rescue missions, and the conducted experimental assessment shows the proposed method efficiency in commercial and public-type building exploration. By addressing the estimated measurement errors in the initial data obtained by the robot sensors, the proposed decision-making framework provides additional reliability for comparing and ranking candidate frontiers. The interval-valued multi-criteria decision-making method combined with the proposed frontier evaluation strategy enables the robot to exhaustively explore and map smaller SAR mission environments as well as ensure robot safety and efficient energy consumption in relatively larger public-type building environments.

Instrumented Usability Analysis for Mobile Devices

2008 ◽  
pp. 927-944
Author(s):  
Andrew Crossan ◽  
Roderick Murray-Smith ◽  
Stephen Brewster ◽  
Bojan Musizza
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Usability Study ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Usability Analysis ◽  
Gait Phase ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Selection Of

Instrumented usability analysis involves the use of sensors during a usability study which provide observations from which the evaluator can infer details of the context of use, specific activities, or disturbances. This is particularly useful for the evaluation of mobile and wearable devices which are currently difficult to test realistically without constraining users in unnatural ways. To illustrate the benefits of such an approach, a study of touch-screen selection of on-screen targets is presented whilst walking and sitting, using a PocketPC instrumented with an accelerometer. From the accelerometer data, the user’s gait behaviour is inferred, allowing linking performance to gait phase angle, showing there were phase regions with significantly lower error and variability. The chapter provides examples of how information acquired via sensors gives quantitatively measurable information about the detailed interactions taking place when mobile, allowing designers to test and revise design decisions, based on realistic user activity.

A Design Knowledge Management Framework for Active Design Support

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundong Francis Pahng ◽  
Sungdo Ha ◽  
Sehyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design Support ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Active Design

Abstract Product design is a knowledge-intensive activity. Many product development companies have recognized that design knowledge obtained by individual designers is a valuable asset to a company for enhancing the competitiveness of products the company designs and produces. Therefore, companies are becoming more concerned with the effective use of design knowledge accumulated over previous design practices and the qualitative and quantitative utilization of the knowledge toward the rapidly changing market. This paper presents a design knowledge management framework called Active Design Support (ADS). ADS framework is aimed to provide designers with critical design knowledge and guide them toward rational design decisions based upon relevant design errors and successful design decisions in the past during product development processes. Based upon a formal information modeling for managing design information, ADS framework determines and proactively provides the critical design knowledge for designers. To provide an intuitive starting point for retrieving design knowledge, ADS framework also provides a set of different viewpoint, called Knowledge Perspective, for browsing the knowledge base of ADS framework.

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