scholarly journals Urban Policy in Times of Crisis: The Policy Capacity of European Cities and the Role of Multi-Level Governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 107808742110417
Author(s):  
Roberta Cucca ◽  
Costanzo Ranci
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Policy Capacity ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Multi Level

This article investigates how the policy capacity of urban governments in Europe to deal with the social challenges caused by the 2008-2009 financial crisis, has been strongly shaped by the institutional multi-level governance (MLG) settings in which cities were embedded. We consider the financial crisis as an important ‘stress test’ for urban policy. Urban governments faced a highly complex, trilemmatic situation: they faced not only growing social and economic problems at the local level, but also a process of devolution of institutional responsibility from central to local governments, and important cuts in central funding. Our analysis is based on an empirical investigation carried out between 2009 and 2016 in six major European cities: Barcelona, Copenhagen, Lyon, Manchester, Milan, and Munich. What clearly emerges from the research is that European cities may still show a certain capacity to innovate and govern economic changes and social challenges only if supported by an enabling MLG system.

Cultuurbeleid op lokaal vlak

Res Publica ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Luc Martens
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Policy Level ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Multi Level

Considering cultural policy it is very important to have a multi-level policy concerning cultural facilities and an active involvement of the citizen at local level. To optimize local cultural policy one should aim for an interactive or complementary policy. This means that each policy level has to take its own responsabilities; that there has to be a mutual consultation between all policy levels and a mutual reinforcement of the policy effects at each level. The role of local governments is to provide for basic facilities and to install efficient frameworks for consultation and cooperation. Future challenges are the reinforcement of cooperation between cultural actors and to support innovating work.

scholarly journals Participação cidadã e reconfigurações nas políticas urbanas nos anos 90

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia De Paula Duque Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Municipal Council ◽  
Collective Actors ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Urban Planning And Management

O artigo aborda as instâncias de participação nas políticas urbanas que se multiplicam no cenário contemporâneo, a partir do trânsito de projetos societários endereçados à democratização do planejamento e da gestão das cidades. Sustenta-se que, a despeito da heterogeneidade das experiências, dos seus limites, dificuldades e contradições (inerentes ao processo de reconstrução das relações entre Estado e sociedade no Brasil), os canais de participação têm configurado trilhas alternativas e novas linhagens de políticas locais. No primeiro momento discutem-se os conceitos de público e participação cidadã, mapeando possibilidades de influência dos atores societários na formação da agenda e produção das políticas urbanas. No momento seguinte, as instâncias de participação são objeto de exame, privilegiando-se os Conselhos Municipais de Política Urbana, suas características, papéis, potenciais e alcances. Finalmente, detém-se ilustrativamente no Conselho Municipal de Política Urbana e na Conferência Municipal de Política Urbana de Belo Horizonte.Palavras-chave: participação cidadã; política urbana; conselhos municipais. Abstract: This article addresses citizens participation in urban policies, focusing on participatory arrangements implemented by local governments since the late eighties in Brazilian context. These experiences could be regarded as expressions of collective actors democratizing projects referred to urban planning and management. This paper argues that, despite the experiences diversity, their limits, difficulties and contradictions, participation have produced alternative policies models. First, the text approaches public space and citizens participation concepts and stresses civil society possibilities to influence agenda-setting and policy-making process. Next, local-level participatory arrangements are examined, emphasizing urban policy municipal councils. Their character, roles, potentials and limits are pointed out. Last, Belo Horizonte’s Urban Policy Municipal Council and the Urban Policy Municipal Conference are analyzed as an illustrative case.Keywords: citizens participation; urban policies; municipal councils. 

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF CITIES IN WELCOMING REFUGEES

Diacrítica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-181
Author(s):  
Bruno Ferreira Costa ◽  
Géssica Teles
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
New Wave ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Community Area ◽  
Democratic Stability

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the volume of migratory flowson a global scale, especially with the European Community area as the final destination.In fact, the European community’s space due to democratic stability and to itsliving conditions, has become a magnet for this new wave of refugees from countriesinvolved in various armed conflicts in North Africa and the Middle East. /is influxof migrants challenges all levels of government, especially local governments, who are at the forefront of receiving and welcoming refugees. /e present study focuseson the recent refugee crisis in Europe, as well as on how European cities, namelyParis and Berlin, worked to integrate a significant number of refugees, consideringthe different approaches and strategies to host this flow of refugees. Based on a comparativeand descriptive study, we will try to trace the political strategies adopted atthe local level in the reception of refugees, allowing to map the conditions for theeffective integration of these citizens in the European space.

scholarly journals Innovative strategies for the reception of asylum seekers and refugees in European cities: multi-level governance, multi-sector urban networks and local engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Oliver ◽  
Rianne Dekker ◽  
Karin Geuijen ◽  
Jacqueline Broadhead
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seeker ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Local Engagement ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract Cities are taking a prominent role in solving global challenges, with a ‘new localism’ inviting a reorientation of power from nation-states downwards, outwards and globally. This special issue explores this phenomenon through extending the existing analyses of multi-level governance and the ‘local turn’ to the underexplored area of asylum seeker and refugee reception in European cities. The special issue draws on research in European cities where new strategies were piloted especially in the wake of ‘the refugee crisis’ from 2015, consolidating the ‘local turn’ evident in immigration and integration policy-making. The collection is in two parts: the first part explores innovation in local governance of asylum seeker reception. Here, case studies demonstrate how cities responded through forging new alliances both vertically and (especially) horizontally in networks within and between cities. The second part explores innovation in practice, analysing novel initiatives premised on local engagement and inclusivity of newcomers within the social fabric of the city. This editorial paper draws out the wider lessons of efforts from this comparative exploration of attempts to rethink asylum seeker and refugee reception at the local level.

Spatial and Institutional Analysis of the Voivodships Expenditure on Culture in the Years 2003 – 2015

e-Finanse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Adam Mateusz Suchecki
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
National Heritage

AbstractFollowing the completion of the process of decentralisation of public administration in Poland in 2003, a number of tasks implemented previously by the state authorities were transferred to the local level. One of the most significant changes to the financing and management methods of the local authorities was the transfer of tasks related to culture and national heritage to the set of tasks implemented by local governments. As a result of the decentralisation process, the local government units in Poland were given significant autonomy in determining the purposes of their budgetary expenditures on culture. At the same time, they were obliged to cover these expenses from their own revenues.This paper focuses on the analysis of expenditures on culture covered by the voivodship budgets, taking into consideration the structure of cultural institutions by their types, between 2003-2015. The location quotient (LQ) was applied to two selected years (2006 and 2015) to illustrate the diversity of expenditures on culture in individual voivodships.

Determinants of regional and local development – their impact on socio-economic space

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rejman ◽  
Roman Fedan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
Local Resource Management

Processes of the expected spatial socio-economic changes arise as a result of rational planning and continuation of development at regional and local level. A three-tier division ofthe local self-government creates opportunities for engagement of community in the rational planning model and local resource management, as well as usage of production factors; for socio-economic growth and improvement in the quality of life of the residents. The aim of the article is to show the functional structure and role of local government units in formation of regional and local policy toincrease economic growth, while maintaining the environmental protection requirements.

Incentives for the development of industrial parks (on the example of the border regions of Poland)

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Yaroslava Kalat
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Spatial Policy

In the search for efficient decisions directed at the stimulation of regional development and improvement of regions’ innovativeness and investment attractiveness, the EU regions have long ago started paying attention to local communities. In particular, Polish local governments are granted an opportunity to conduct an active spatial policy of investment attraction using various instruments. In this context, the industrial parks play an important role among the created institutes of the business environment, because they create advantages for local communities and businesses. In particular, they promote investment attraction, entrepreneurship activation, employment and jobs increase, material cost minimization, etc. At the same time, the development of entrepreneurship environment institutes requires support at national, regional, and local levels. The development will be almost impossible without the creation of proper legal, political, economic, and social conditions for their activity. The paper aims to define major stimuli of industrial park development based on the Polish experience, the economic structure of which is similar to the Ukrainian one. This will contribute to the development of the ways to boost industrial park development in Ukraine, especially in the border areas. For the matter, the author outlines the major instruments used by Polish local communities to boost investment and entrepreneurship activity in the framework of industrial park development. The scientific paper emphasizes the analysis of legislation on creation, functioning, and support of Polish industrial park development, and further perspectives of their activity. Special attention is paid to general characteristics of the condition of industrial parks located in Polish border regions. The advantages of each of them are determined and examples of their creation and development are given. The research resulted in the allocation of two groups of stimuli of industrial parks development which are the precondition, according to the author, of industrial parks becoming the instrument of investment attraction, economic boost of the territories, and entrepreneurship activity growth: the stimuli of development of industrial parks’ organizational structure (public financial assistance; information and advisory support; grans of European funds; international cooperation / partnership; independent spatial policy at the local level) and the stimuli of entrepreneurship development in industrial parks (infrastructure (physical and soft); public financial assistance; tax incentives; investment grants; financial loans).

Concept and components of the financial-investment maintenance of local governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Zenoviy Siryk
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
And Function

The issues related to the management of financial resources of territorial communities, financial independence of local governments and forming of efficient financial-investment policy to secure the balanced development of local communities and territories become of utmost importance in conditions of financial decentralization and administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine. The problem issues concerning the forming of financial-investment maintenance of local governance directly impact the capacity of a territorial community that should have financial, material, and other resources in the volumes sufficient to completely accomplish the tasks and function of local governments and provide social services to the population at the level stipulated by national standards. The forming of financial-investment maintenance of local governance is revealed to be directly influencing the capacity of a territorial community that should have financial, material, and other resources in the volumes sufficient to completely accomplish the tasks and function of local governments and provide social services to the population. The expansion of local governments’ competences and granting them greater independence are substantiated to be requiring more responsibility in the financial-investment policy implementation on the local level, forming of conditions to perform the economic activity, and develop businesses by all economic entities, and promoting favorable investment climate in the region. Based on the analysis of approaches to the definition of the nature of “financial maintenance” and “investment maintenance” in the context of the peculiarities of local governments’ activity, the paper suggests understanding the “financial-investment maintenance of local governance” as a set of opportunities and activities on distribution and use of financial resources and territories’ resources for the creation of conditions necessary for the efficient functioning of local governments and realization of their competences.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Attitudes and Behaviour of Local Governments in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2765
Author(s):  
Joanna Rakowska ◽  
Irena Ozimek
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Energy Behavior ◽  
Public Aid ◽  
Energy Projects

The deployment of renewable energy at the local level can contribute significantly to mitigating climate change, improving energy security and increasing social, economic and environmental benefits. In many countries local authorities play an important role in the local development, but renewable energy deployment is not an obligatory task for them. Hence there are two research questions: (1) Do local governments think investments in renewable energy (RE) are urgent and affordable within the local budgets? (2) How do they react to the public aid co-financing investments in renewable energy? To provide the answer we performed qualitative analysis and non-parametric tests of data from a survey of 252 local authorities, analysis of 292 strategies of local development and datasets of 1170 renewable energy projects co-financed by EU funds under operational programs 2007–2013 and 2014–2020 in Poland. Findings showed that local authorities’ attitudes were rather careful, caused by financial constraints of local budgets and the scope of obligatory tasks, which made renewable energy investments not the most urgent. Public aid was a factor significantly affecting local authorities’ behavior. It triggered local authorities’ renewable energy initiatives, increasing the number and scope of renewable energy investments as well cooperation with other municipalities and local communities. Despite this general trend, there were also considerable regional differences in local authorities’ renewable energy behavior.

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