scholarly journals Progressive Urbanism in Small Towns: The Contingencies of Governing From the Left

2021 ◽  
pp. 107808742110558
Author(s):  
Ross Beveridge ◽  
Matthias Naumann
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Politics ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Progressive Potential

The progressive potential of urban politics is the subject of growing interest. However, debates have been largely focused on large cities with strong progressive constituencies of activists and Left-voting residents. We know little about the opportunities and challenges for progressive politics in smaller urban areas. This article addresses these shortcomings through a discussion of “progressive urbanism” in relation to small towns. In doing so, it makes three main contributions. First, it provides a definition of progressive urbanism as political projects of social justice, citizenship and democracy exploring the contingent potential of “localism”, “urban movements” and “municipal government”. Second, the article provides empirical insights on small towns in the German state of Brandenburg governed by mayors of the Left Party. Third, the article outlines challenges and opportunities of progressive urbanism in small towns, providing points of reflection for future research.

Web 2.0 Social Networking Sites

2010 ◽  
pp. 248-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sandy Staples
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Web

This chapter describes one of the Web 2.0 technologies, Social Networking Sites (SNS). A definition of SNS is offered, as is a short history of these sites. The existing research is reviewed and organized to summarize what we know about SNS usage (from the perspectives of student use, general population use and organizational use), and what we know about the antecedents and outcomes of SNS use. The chapter concludes with discussion of new developments, challenges and opportunities. There are many opportunities for future research and organizational applications of SNS as SNS adoption grows at incredible rates.

scholarly journals Demographic changes in rural and semi-urban areas in Poland (2003-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Iwona Pomianek ◽  
Ana Kapaj
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Demographic Potential ◽  
Potential Level

The demographic potential, especially in the peripheral and remote areas, Has been deteriorating. Negative natural increase, low or negative migration balances, unfavourable values of the feminisation index and growing relation of the number of people at post-working age to the number of people at working age have been threatening rural development. The aim of the research was to show spatial concentrations of municipalities (LAU 2 level) with a similar level of demographic potential. The study was carried out for 2169 municipalities (LAU 2 level), including rural and semi-urban (urban-rural, including small towns) ones. It was based on the data from the Statistics Poland. The municipalities were are ranked by the level of demographic potential (by 4 variables) and put into 5 groups by the potential level using the taxonomic development measure of Hellwig. The results were presented in maps using cartogram method. The most favourable and promising situation according to demographic potential is observed in central and southern Poland, especially in semi-urban and suburban areas of large cities. The worst demographic potential level and at the same time the least favourable demographic forecasts concern mostly the Eastern Poland, already known as problem area. The spiral of negative conditions accelerates, causing more disadvantages, making young people looking for new places to work and live, deepening current demographic problems and leading to socio-economic development pathologies.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGY OF MODELLING: SIMULATION OF URBAN SCENARIOS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 04
Author(s):  
Roberta Plangg Riegel ◽  
Darlan Daniel Alves ◽  
Leonardo Espíndola Birlem ◽  
Bruna Schmidt ◽  
Marco Antônio Siqueira Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Dinamica Ego ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACTUrbanization has led to a series of problems in medium and large cities, resulting from a lack of planning and technologies to support decision making. This work aims to contribute to the methodology of modeling by cellular automata, aiming the study of the processes that condition the expansion of the urban area. Having as a study case of the municipality of Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil. For this purpose, the urban areas of 1967, 1977, 1987, 1997, 2009 and 2015 were used, totalling a historical analysis of 48 years, besides the thematic maps: Declivities, Hypsometric, Land Use, Water Resources and Road System. The compiled data was inserted in the environment of the platform Dinamica EGO, which is a free software that uses the system of Cellular Automata. The software employs a set of input maps composed of an initial landscape, a final landscape and a compilation of thematic variables that are combined from the definition of weights of evidence to generate the transition probability maps. The results showed similarity indexes of 0.9 for the first three models, 1977, 1987 and 1997, as well as 0.83 for the simulation of 2015. It was also possible to analyze the predominant factors for each expansion process, besides the simulation of areas of prognosis for short and medium term, that is, 5, 10 and 15 years.Keywords: Urban expansion. Simulation of scenarios. Cellular automata.RESUMOA urbanização alavancou uma série de problemas nas cidades de médio e grande porte, resultado da falta de planejamento e de tecnologias para apoiar a tomada de decisões. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a metodologia de modelagem por autômatos celulares, visando o estudo dos processos que condicionam a expansão da mancha urbana. Tendo como estudo de caso o município de Novo Hamburgo, RS. Para tanto foram utilizadas as manchas urbana de 1967, 1977, 1987, 1997, 2009 e 2015, totalizando uma análise histórica de 48 anos, além dos mapas temáticos: Declividades, Hipsométrico, Uso do Solo, Recursos Hídricos e Sistema Viário. Os dados compilados foram inseridos no ambiente da plataforma Dinamica EGO, que é um software livre que utiliza o sistema de Autômatos Celulares. O software, emprega um conjunto de mapas de entrada, composto por uma paisagem inicial, uma paisagem final e um compilado de variáveis temáticas que são combinadas a partir da definição de pesos de evidência visando gerar os mapas de probabilidade de transição. Os resultados apresentaram índices de similaridade superior 0,9 para as três primeiras modelagem 1977, 1987 e 1997, além de 0,83 para a simulação de 2015. Também foi possível analisar os fatores predominantes para cada processo de expansão, além da simulação de manchas de prognóstico para curto e médio prazo, ou seja 5, 10 e 15 anos. Palavras-chave: Expansão urbana. Simulação de cenários. Autômatos celulares.

Socioeconomic Challenges and Opportunities of Urbanization in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 937-958
Author(s):  
Ismaila Rimi Abubakar ◽  
Umar Lawal Dano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Nigeria, with a population of about 186 million people (48% living in urban areas) in 2016, is the most populous country in Africa and eighth in the world, and by 2050 it is projected to become the third largest country in the world. This chapter highlights major challenges of rapid urbanization in Nigeria, caused mainly by in-migration of rural dwellers in search of better living conditions and employment opportunities. They include unemployment and urban poverty, social exclusion and crimes, poor housing and slum, inadequate provision of public services and proliferation of the informal sector. Notwithstanding, Nigeria can exploit these urbanization challenges and turn them into opportunities for socioeconomic development. As such, some key opportunities for sustainable urbanization in Nigeria has been discussed: (a) local economic development; (b) promoting urban sustainability; and (c) smart and knowledge city initiative. The chapter concludes with some future research directions.

scholarly journals Growth and Hierarchy of Cities in Algeria: Application of the Rank-Size Rule

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bousmaha ◽  
Salah Zeraib ◽  
Nassira Benhassine ◽  
Yacine Kouba
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Demographic Dynamics

The objectives of this paper are to analyze the urban growth and urbanization phenomenon in Algeria. Two processes that originated respectively by the expansion of existing urban areas and the process of urbanization that took place between 1954 and 2008, a period marked by significant economic, social and political changes in Algerian society. Our analysis was mainly based on the Algerian general census of population and habitat (2008) and on the application of rank-size distribution of cities according to Zipf’s rule. This study revealed that in Algeria, the urban system is particularly marked by the dramatic expansion of small cities. Indeed, the development of small towns, through the transition from rural to urban and the residential loosening of large cities have influenced the trend towards the balance of the urban system in Algeria. Results revealed also how the "primatial" city is undergoing profound economic and social changes at the national level. These changes are most often imposed from the top as part of land-use planning policy. This study provides some insights into the demographic dynamics of cities and the evolution of urban hierarchies in Algeria, through the comparison of the different rank-size distributions of Algerian cities in space and time. Our results suggest that land-use planning strategies are the only policies capable of influencing the future of the Algerian urban system.

scholarly journals Demography and the emergence of universal patterns in urban systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís M. A. Bettencourt ◽  
Daniel Zünd
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
City Size ◽  
Zipf’S Law ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Population Sizes

Abstract Urban areas exist in a wide variety of population sizes, from small towns to huge megacities. No proposed form for the statistical distribution of city sizes has received more attention than Zipf’s law, a Pareto distribution with power law exponent equal to one. However, this distribution is typically violated by empirical evidence for small and large cities. Moreover, no theory presently exists to derive city size distributions from fundamental demographic choices while also explaining consistent variations. Here we develop a comprehensive framework based on demography to show how the structure of migration flows between cities, together with the differential magnitude of their vital rates, determine a variety of city size distributions. This approach provides a powerful mathematical methodology for deriving Zipf’s law as well as other size distributions under specific conditions, and to resolve puzzles associated with their deviations in terms of concepts of choice, symmetry, information, and selection.

Socioeconomic Challenges and Opportunities of Urbanization in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismaila Rimi Abubakar ◽  
Umar Lawal Dano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Nigeria, with a population of about 186 million people (48% living in urban areas) in 2016, is the most populous country in Africa and eighth in the world, and by 2050 it is projected to become the third largest country in the world. This chapter highlights major challenges of rapid urbanization in Nigeria, caused mainly by in-migration of rural dwellers in search of better living conditions and employment opportunities. They include unemployment and urban poverty, social exclusion and crimes, poor housing and slum, inadequate provision of public services and proliferation of the informal sector. Notwithstanding, Nigeria can exploit these urbanization challenges and turn them into opportunities for socioeconomic development. As such, some key opportunities for sustainable urbanization in Nigeria has been discussed: (a) local economic development; (b) promoting urban sustainability; and (c) smart and knowledge city initiative. The chapter concludes with some future research directions.

scholarly journals Development of urban tourism within the urbanization and globalization framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Marija Antic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scientific Debates

The urbanization and globalization phenomenon?s are the most dynamic processes of the modern world. As inevitable, pervasive and irreversible processes, they have a broad and important impact on every day?s life of the societies. Subsequently, the effects of urbanization and globalization on the transformation of existing and the emergence of new touristic objectives in cities have become the topic of scientific debates in recent period. Given that the issue of urban tourism has become relevant during the last three decades, the impact of these processes on the transformation of existing and the emergence of new tourist objectives in urban areas is an unavoidable field of scientific interest. The crucial differences between tourist cities in highly developed and developing countries, as well as between large cities and small towns, further complicates the perception of the complex impacts of urbanization and globalization processes on the phenomenon of urban tourism. These specifics are the main aspects of the development of urban tourism that will be discussed in this paper.

Fields of spatial research on urban areas in the context of organisational solutions to new forms of transportation

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Bartosz Czarnecki
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Main Achievement ◽  
Self Driving Cars

Abstract The paper discusses the spatial consequences of the widespread use of self-driving cars and the resulting changes in the structure of urban areas. Analysing present knowledge on the technology, functionality and future forms of organisation of mobility with this type of means of transportation, conclusions are presented concerning the expected changes in the organisation of space in urban areas. The main achievement of the investigation is an outline of the fields of future research on the spatial consequences of a transportation system with a large share of self-driving cars.

Applying personalized medicine to adult severe asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. e8-e16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Tiotiu
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Eosinophilic Asthma ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Structured Approach

Background: Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease that consists of various phenotypes driven by different pathways. Associated with significant morbidity, an important negative impact on the quality of life of patients, and increased health care costs, severe asthma represents a challenge for the clinician. With the introduction of various antibodies that target type 2 inflammation (T2) pathways, severe asthma therapy is gradually moving to a personalized medicine approach. Objective: The purpose of this review was to emphasize the important role of personalized medicine in adult severe asthma management. Methods: An extensive research was conducted in medical literature data bases by applying terms such as “severe asthma” associated with “structured approach,” “comorbidities,” “biomarkers,” “phenotypes/endotypes,” and “biologic therapies.” Results: The management of severe asthma starts with a structured approach to confirm the diagnosis, assess the adherence to medications and identify confounding factors and comorbidities. The definition of phenotypes or endotypes (phenotypes defined by mechanisms and identified through biomarkers) is an important step toward the use of personalized medicine in asthma. Severe allergic and nonallergic eosinophilic asthma are two defined T2 phenotypes for which there are efficacious targeted biologic therapies currently available. Non-T2 phenotype remains to be characterized, and less efficient target therapy exists. Conclusion: Despite important progress in applying personalized medicine to severe asthma, especially in T2 inflammatory phenotypes, future research is needed to find valid biomarkers predictive for the response to available biologic therapies to develop more effective therapies in non-T2 phenotype.

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