This paper evaluates current guidance concerning conditions under which the analyst is advised to transition from a linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) based analysis to an elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) based analysis of pressure vessel steels. Current guidance concerning the upper-temperature (T>c) for LEFM-based analysis can be found in ASME Section XI Code Case N-749. Also, while not explicitly stated, an upper-limit on the KIc value that may be used in LEFM-based evaluations is sometimes taken to be 220 MPa√m (a value herein referred to as KLIM). Evaluations of Tc and KLIM were performed using a recently compiled collection of toughness models that are being considered for incorporation into a revision to ASME Section XI Code Case N-830; those models provide a complete definition of all toughness metrics needed to characterize ferritic steel behavior from lower shelf to upper shelf. Based on these evaluations, new definitions of Tc and KLIM are proposed that are fully consistent with the proposed revisions to Code Case N-830 and, thereby, with the underlying fracture toughness data. Formulas that quantify the following values over the ranges of RTTo and RTNDT characteristic of ferritic RPV steels are proposed:
• For Tc, two values, Tc(LOWER) and Tc(UPPER), are defined that bound the temperature range over which the fracture behavior of ferritic RPV steels transitions from brittle to ductile. Below Tc(LOWER), LEFM analysis is acceptable while above Tc(UPPER) EPFM analysis is recommended. Between Tc(LOWER) and Tc(UPPER), the analyst is encouraged to consider EPFM analysis because within this temperature range the competition of the fracture mode combined with the details of a particular analysis suggest that the decision concerning the type of analysis is best made on a case-by-case basis.
• For KLIM, two values, KLIM(LOWER) and KLIM(UPPER), are defined that bound the range of applied-K over which ductile tearing will begin to occur. At applied-K values below KLIM(LOWER), ductile tearing is highly unlikely, so the use of the KIc curve is appropriate. At applied-K values above KLIM(UPPER), considerable ductile tearing is expected, so the use of the KIc curve is not appropriate. At applied-K values in between KLIM(LOWER) and KLIM(UPPER), some ductile tearing can be expected, so it is recommended to give consideration to the possible effects of ductile tearing as they may impact the situation being analyzed.
These definitions of Tc and KLIM better communicate important information concerning the underlying material and structural behavior to the analyst than do current definitions.
Homogenization of cohesive fracture in masonry structures
