Diagnostic and Demographic Differences Between Incarcerated and Nonincarcerated Youth (Ages 6-15) With ADHD in South Carolina

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Soltis ◽  
Janice Probst ◽  
Sudha Xirasagar ◽  
Amy B. Martin ◽  
Bradley H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
South Carolina Department ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Youth With Adhd

Objective: Analyze diagnostic and demographic factors to identify predictors of delinquency resulting in incarceration within a group of children/adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Method: The study followed a cohort of 15,472 Medicaid covered children/adolescents with ADHD, ages 6 to 15 inclusive, between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2006. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev. [ DSM-IV-TR]), 2000 Codes were used for qualifying diagnosis codes. Available demographic characteristics included race, sex, and residence. The outcome was incarceration at the South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice during 2005-2006. Results: Among youth with ADHD, incarceration was more likely among black, male, and urban youth. Children/adolescents with comorbid ODD and/or CD were at greater risk compared with those with ADHD alone. Conclusion: Within ADHD-diagnosed youth, comorbid conditions and demographic characteristics increase the risk of incarceration. Intervention and treatment strategies that address behavior among youth with these characteristics are needed to reduce incarceration.

Overview of the Impulse Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified and Limitations of Knowledge

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
Marc N. Potenza
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Control ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Impulse Control Disorders ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Dsm Iv

Several disorders have been classified together in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed.; DSM-IV) as impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified. These impulse control disorders have been grouped together based on perceived similarities in clinical presentation and hypothesized similarities in pathophysiologies. The question exists whether these disorders belong together or whether they should be categorized elsewhere. Examination of the family of impulse control disorders generates questions regarding the distinct nature of each disorder: whether each is unique or whether they represent variations of each other or other psychiatric disorders. Neurobiology may cut across disorders, and identifying important intermediary phenotypes will be important in understanding impulse control disorders and related entities. The distress of patients with impulse control disorders highlights the importance of examining these disorders. More comprehensive information has significant potential for advancing prevention and treatment strategies for those who suffer from disorders characterized by impaired impulse control.

Comparison of Three Questionnaires to Screen for Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne van Alebeek ◽  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
Christel Hessels ◽  
Melissa S.Y. Thong ◽  
Marcel van Aken
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract. One of the most common personality disorders among adolescents and young adults is the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The objective of current study was to assess three questionnaires that can reliably screen for BPD in adolescents and young adults (N = 53): the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (MSI-BPD; Zanarini et al., 2003 ), the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4th edition – BPD scale (PDQ-4 BPD; Hyler, 1994 ), and the SCID-II Patient Questionnaire – BPD scale (SCID-II-PQ BPD). The nine criteria of BPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV; APA, 1994 ) were measured with the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders – BPD scale (SCID-II; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, & Benjamin, 1995 ). Correlations between the questionnaires and the SCID-II were calculated. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaires were tested. All instruments predicted the BPD diagnosis equally well.

The Classification of Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Gordon ◽  
Jill M. Holm-Denoma ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
Stephen A. Wonderlich
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Dsm Iv

The purpose of the chapter is to elucidate the key issues regarding the classification of eating disorders. To this end, a review of nosological research in the area of eating disorders is presented, with a particular focus on empirically based techniques such as taxometric and latent class analysis. This is followed by a section outlining areas of overlap between the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) eating disorder categories and their symptoms. Next, eating disorder classification models that are alternatives to the DSM-IV-TR are described and critically examined in light of available empirical data. Finally, areas of controversy and considerations for change in next version of the DSM (i.e., the applicability of DSM criteria to minority groups, children, males; the question of whether clinical categories should be differentiated from research categories) are discussed.

Sexual Disorders Not Otherwise Specified: Compulsive, Addictive, or Impulsive?

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Donald W. Black ◽  
Willie Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Hypersexual Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Comorbidity

AbstractParaphilias are recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors generally involving nonhuman objects. These paraphilias cause the suffering or humiliation of the patient or patient's partner, or children, or other nonconsenting persons. However, in many patients symptoms involve more culturally acceptable patterns (eg, repetitive masturbation, Internet pornography); such hypersexual symptoms have been labeled as compulsive, addictive, or impulsive. Growing evidence supports the existence of a discrete syndrome characterized by recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving patterns that fall outside the definition of paraphilia. There is, however, high comorbidity with paraphilia. While such symptoms have been labeled as sexual compulsion or addiction, these terms are problematic in this context. Modern nosology has neglected this entity, although the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), category of sexual disorders not otherwise specified includes hypersexual behaviors as an example. We suggest that the DSM-IV category of sexual disorders be modified to include explicitly diagnostic criteria for a disorder characterized by hypersexual symptoms involving patterns that fall outside of the current definition of paraphilia. The disorder might be classified as one of the paraphilias, or as paraphilia-related. In the absence of a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder, we suggest that it simply be termed hypersexual disorder.

Problemi di psicoterapia

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Vengono presentati i principali sistemi di diagnosi psichiatrica, e precisamente le ultime edizioni del Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) dell'American Psychiatric Association (il DSM-III del 1980, il DSM-III-R del 1987, il DSM-IV del 1994, il DSM-IV-TR del 2000, e il DSM-V previsto per il 2013), la 10a edizione dell'International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) proposta nel 1992 dall'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanitŕ (OMS), e il Manuale Diagnostico Psicodinamico (PDM) prodotto dalla comunitŕ psicoanalitica internazionale nel 2006. A proposito dei DSM, vengono discussi alcuni problemi metodologici quali le dicotomie validitŕ/attendibilitŕ, categorie/dimensioni e politetico/monotetico, e anticipati alcuni dibattiti critici a proposito del futuro DSM-V. Infine, vengono discusse le seguenti problematiche: la psicopatologia "descrittiva" e "strutturale"; la diagnosi come "difesa" del terapeuta; l'aspetto scientifico e l'aspetto filosofico della diagnosi; i tentativi di "sospensione" del giudizio e dei nostri preconcetti; la dicotomia nomotetico-idiografico.

scholarly journals Prevalence and stability of insomnia from preschool to early adolescence: a prospective cohort study in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000660
Author(s):  
Jonas Falch-Madsen ◽  
Lars Wichstrøm ◽  
Ståle Pallesen ◽  
Silje Steinsbekk
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Time Point

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge about the prevalence and stability of insomnia defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). We therefore provide such estimates from preschool to early adolescence and explore potential sex differences.MethodsWe followed a representative community sample (n=1037) biennially from 4 to 14 years of age (2007–2017). Insomnia diagnoses and symptoms were captured by a semistructured clinical interview of parents and children (from age 8 years).ResultsAt ages 4 and 6 years approximately 2.5% of children met the criteria for insomnia, whereas at ages 8, 10, 12 and 14 years the prevalence ranged from 7.5% to 12.3%. During the 10-year period examined nearly 1 in 5 children had insomnia at least once (18.7%). Sex differences were apparent with DSM-IV, but not DSM-5, criteria: boys (8.1%) had more insomnia than girls (4.5%) did at ages 4–10 years, whereas girls (11.4%) had more insomnia than boys (7.1%) did at ages 12 and 14 years. Insomnia proved stable, with 22.9%–40.1% of children retaining their diagnosis 2 years later. Having current insomnia produced medium to large ORs of between 5.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 9.8) and 15.3 (95% CI 4.4 to 52.9) for subsequent insomnia 2 years later compared with not having preceding insomnia.ConclusionsInsomnia was less prevalent than previous research indicates, with nearly 1 in 5 participants having insomnia at least once between the ages of 4 and 14 years. Female preponderance emerged in early adolescence. Having insomnia at one time point was a considerable risk for subsequent insomnia, indicating that insomnia is persistent and warrants clinical attention.

Recent Developments in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Creamer
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Dsm Iv

The traumatic stress field has expanded dramatically over the last 10 years. This paper provides a review of progress in three areas from the domain of posttraumatic stress responses. First, recent developments in diagnosis are discussed, with particular reference to the proposed diagnostic criteria for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition; American Psychiatric Association, in press). Second, a theoretical formulation based on cognitive processing principles is presented and, where available, empirical support for such a conceptualisation is provided. Third, the implications of a cognitive processing paradigm for treatment are discussed briefly, with reference to recent research findings. Suggestions for future development of the field are provided.

Behavioral Observations of Parents With ADHD During Parent Training

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 1289-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara E. Babinski ◽  
James G. Waxmonsky ◽  
Daniel A. Waschbusch ◽  
William E. Pelham
Keyword(s):  
Parent Training ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Parent Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Parental Adhd ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: Several studies suggest that parental ADHD impedes behavioral parent training (BPT) outcomes. Parental ADHD symptoms exhibited during BPT may interfere with the acquisition of new skills. This study explored the observed behavior of parents with ADHD during BPT. Method: Parents of children with ADHD attending group BPT completed self-ratings of their ADHD symptoms. Parents indicating a moderate level of ADHD symptoms were administered a clinical interview, and 37.3% of parents met ADHD criteria based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) clinician-rated symptom counts. Results: Parents with high ADHD symptoms displayed more total and off-task violations compared with parents with low ADHD symptoms, although no significant differences emerged for other behaviors (i.e., working quietly, using materials appropriately, and remaining in seat), absences, or tardiness. Conclusion: Parental ADHD symptoms were manifested during BPT. Future research should clarify the nature of parental behavior in BPT as a possible mechanism explaining the relation between parental ADHD and impaired BPT outcomes.

Criteria and Concurrent Validity of DIVA 2.0: A Semi-Structured Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1126-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga ◽  
Viviana Nasillo ◽  
Vanesa Richarte ◽  
Montserrat Corrales ◽  
Felipe Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Structured Diagnostic Interview ◽  
First Time

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess for the first time the criterion validity of the semi-structured Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA 2.0), and its concurrent validity in comparison with the Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID) and other ADHD severity scales, following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria. Method: A transversal study was performed on 40 out-patients with ADHD to check the criteria and concurrent validity of the DIVA 2.0 compared with the CAADID. Results: The DIVA 2.0 interview showed a diagnostic accuracy of 100% when compared with the diagnoses obtained with the CAADID interview. The concurrent validity demonstrated good correlations with three self-reported rating scales: the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS; r = .544, p < .0001), the ADHD-Rating Scale ( r = .720, p < .0001), and Sheehan’s Dysfunction Inventory ( r = .674, p < .0001). Conclusion: The DIVA 2.0 is a reliable tool for assessing and diagnosing Adult ADHD and is the only one that offers free online access for clinical and research purposes.

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