Developmental Prevention of Prejudice: Conceptual Issues, Evidence-Based Designing, and Outcome Results

2021 ◽  
pp. 108926802110563
Author(s):  
Andreas Beelmann ◽  
Sebastian Lutterbach
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Intervention Content ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This article reviews conceptual and empirical issues on the developmental prevention of prejudice in childhood and adolescence. Developmental prejudice prevention is defined as interventions that intentionally change and promote intergroup attitudes and behavior by systematically recognizing theories and empirical results on the development of prejudice in young people. After presenting a general conception of designing evidence-based interventions, we will discuss the application of this model in the field of developmental prejudice prevention. This includes the legitimation, a developmental concept of change, and the derivation of intervention content and implementation. Finally, we summarized recent evaluations results by reviewing meta-analytical evidence of programs and discuss important issues of future research and practice.

The Role of Peers and Siblings in Adolescent Sexual Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Friedman ◽  
Cheryl L. Somers ◽  
Lauren Mangus
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Approval ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of peer and sibling relationships to adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior. Data were collected from a sample of 492 participants, ages 14 to 18 years, from a large suburban high school in the Midwest. The results revealed that more than half of the female participants were initiated into nonvirginity by experienced males, which provides some support for the social contagion theory. Perceived peer approval was the strongest predictor, with siblings also contributing. Some mediation analyses were significant as well. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Understanding the characteristics of professional development programs for teachers’ health and wellbeing: Implications for research and practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 000494412110034
Author(s):  
Lucy Corbett ◽  
Philayrath Phongsavan ◽  
Louisa R Peralta ◽  
Adrian Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Australian Education ◽  
Teacher Wellbeing ◽  
Evidence Based Programs

Professional development (PD) provides an opportunity to promote the psychological, social, and physical health tools teachers require to maintain teacher wellbeing. Despite their potential, little is known about PD programs targeting the health and wellbeing of Australian teachers. This study aimed to summarize the characteristics of Australian PD programs targeted at teacher wellbeing, identify gaps in existing PD and make recommendations for future research and practice. Three search strategies, (1) search engine results, (2) a manual search of known Australian education websites, and (3) requests for information from Australian education organizations, were combined to ensure a comprehensive inventory of PD programs was compiled. This study found 63 PD programs promoting health and wellbeing that currently exist for Australian teachers. Of these, only three provided evidence of their evaluation indicating programs are advertised and implemented without evidence of their effectiveness. Future PD should be evaluated with findings of the evaluations reported publicly so evidence-based programs promoting teacher’s health and wellbeing can be recommended and implemented.

Examining Teaming and Tier 2 and 3 Practices Within a PBIS Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 109830072110510
Author(s):  
Rhonda N. T. Nese ◽  
Angus Kittelman ◽  
M. Kathleen Strickland-Cohen ◽  
Kent McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Behavior Support ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Positive Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Core Feature

One core feature of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Support (PBIS) is a systems-level teaming process for coordinating staff implementation of evidence-based practices and monitoring student progress across all three tiers. Prior research has shown schools that report regular teaming and team-based data use are more likely to successfully adopt and sustain implementation of multi-tiered systems of behavior support. However, more research is currently needed to better understand the various teaming configurations, structures, and practices commonly used by PBIS teams in typical schools, particularly at advanced tiers. For the current study, members of school and district PBIS teams representing 718 schools were surveyed to better understand (a) teaming configurations and practices currently being used in schools implementing PBIS and (b) common interventions that PBIS teams report implementing at Tiers 2 and 3. Survey findings are discussed, along with implications of those results for future research and practice in applied settings.

scholarly journals Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Feasibility of Digital Health Interventions for LGBTIQ+ Young People: Systematic Review

10.2196/20158 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e20158
Author(s):  
Dylan Gilbey ◽  
Helen Morgan ◽  
Ashleigh Lin ◽  
Yael Perry
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Background Young people (aged 12-25 years) with diverse sexuality, gender, or bodily characteristics, such as those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ+), are at substantially greater risk of a range of mental, physical, and sexual health difficulties compared with their peers. Digital health interventions have been identified as a potential way to reduce these health disparities. Objective This review aims to summarize the characteristics of existing evidence-based digital health interventions for LGBTIQ+ young people and to describe the evidence for their effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using internet databases and gray literature sources, and the results were screened for inclusion. The included studies were synthesized qualitatively. Results The search identified 38 studies of 24 unique interventions seeking to address mental, physical, or sexual health–related concerns in LGBTIQ+ young people. Substantially more evidence-based interventions existed for gay and bisexual men than for any other population group, and there were more interventions related to risk reduction of sexually transmitted infections than to any other health concern. There was some evidence for the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of these interventions overall; however, the quality of evidence is often lacking. Conclusions There is sufficient evidence to suggest that targeted digital health interventions are an important focus for future research aimed at addressing health difficulties in LGBTIQ+ young people. Additional digital health interventions are needed for a wider range of health difficulties, particularly in terms of mental and physical health concerns, as well as more targeted interventions for same gender–attracted women, trans and gender-diverse people, and people with intersex variations. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020128164; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=128164

scholarly journals Mobile media practices of young people in «safely digital», «enthusiastically digital», and «postdigital» schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (Media literacy) ◽  
pp. 136-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annekatrin Bock ◽  
Felicitas Macgilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Media Practices ◽  
Oriented Research ◽  
Mobile Use

How do schools today engage with mobile media? Drawing on ethnographically oriented research at German Schools Abroad, this paper teases out three sets of practices regarding young people’s mobile media use: «safe», «enthusiastic», and «postdigital». Presenting vignettes from three schools to illustrate each set of practices, the paper demonstrates how students are differently controlled, guided, and given space to shape their worlds through the practices. The paper highlights that these practices exist simultaneously. They enact different (not better or worse) institutional priorities and different (not better or worse) understandings of young people’s mobile use. The paper also highlights the tensions when schools aim to control young people’s mobile use, arguing that each set of practices undermines itself. It ends by reflecting on the implications for future research and practice if we see increased mobile media use in schools not, as often assumed, as a mark of «progress», «improvement» or «modernity», but instead as emerging from different understandings of school and young people.

scholarly journals Dictators and Their Subjects: Authoritarian Attitudinal Effects and Legacies

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1839-1860
Author(s):  
Anja Neundorf ◽  
Grigore Pop-Eleches
Keyword(s):  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Attitudinal Effects ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
New Framework

This introductory essay outlines the key themes of the special issue on the long-term impact of autocracies on the political attitudes and behavior of their subjects. Here, we highlight several important areas of theoretical and empirical refinements, which can provide a more nuanced picture of the process through which authoritarian attitudinal legacies emerge and persist. First, we define the nature of attitudinal legacies and their driving mechanisms, developing a framework of competing socialization. Second, we use the competing socialization framework to explain two potential sources of heterogeneity in attitudinal and behavioral legacies: varieties of institutional features of authoritarian regimes, which affect the nature of regime socialization efforts; and variations across different subgroups of (post-)authoritarian citizens, which reflect the nature and strength of alternative socialization efforts. This new framework can help us to better understand contradictory findings in this emerging literature as well as set a new agenda for future research.

Young adults and wine consumption a qualitative application of the theory of planned behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Patrícia Silva ◽  
Isabel Figueiredo ◽  
Tim Hogg ◽  
Miguel Sottomayor
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Purpose – The aim of this study is to identify perceptions, attitudes and behavior of young adults concerning wine consumption, using the “theory of planned behavior” as a theoretical framework. Design/methodology/approach – The aim of this study is to identify perceptions, attitudes and behavior of young adults concerning wine consumption, using the “theory of planned behavior” as a theoretical framework. Findings – The major findings are that attitudes and subjective norms are, apparently, the components with most influence on behavior of young people in relation to wine consumption. For the consumers group, attitudes seem to be the most crucial component, especially the “interest in alcohol”. They drink it in special occasions for sociability and to disinhibit. Regarding the non-consumers group, the main attitude is “dislike taste”. Also the subjective norms, are very present, especially parents, society, friends and publicity, in consumers group. The non-consumers have the perception of greater parental induction to not consume wine. No significant differences were found between gender or educational system. Research limitations/implications – Concerning the results, a limited, convenience sample, was employed and this is assumedly an exploratory study. Therefore the results cannot be considered to represent a broad section of the groups studied. Still sample related, only Portuguese young adults students were studied. Social implications – This research can contribute not only for the knowledge relating to Portugal as a wine consuming environment but also to the general area of attitudes and perceptions of young people towards moderate wine consumption. As today young adults, novice or potential wine consumers will be the next generation of wine consumers, it can be beneficial for wine marketers to focus on this target population aiming at exploring further their engagement with wine. Originality/value – This research has an originally approach to wine consumption by young adults once it focus and explore the non-problematic behavior of young adults about wine consumption. The results of this study can contribute to the development of targeted advertising and publicity of the wine industry, in order to promote moderate wine consumption among young adults.

The importance of social-cognitive development and the developmental context for group dynamics

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Killen ◽  
Maykel Verkuyten
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Just Society ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

A developmental approach provides a unique vantage point for understanding the origins, acquisition, and nature of change regarding intergroup attitudes and behavior. Developmental research has focused predominantly on understanding and addressing negative intergroup attitudes and behaviors. We assert that group identity and group dynamics do not have to lead to discriminatory and prejudicial behavior but can actually contribute to an inclusive orientation. Moreover, these orientations do not occur in a vacuum but depend on the broader social context and the specific group distinctions. A broader social and cultural approach is important for understanding the implications of intergroup attitudes for healthy social development as well as the creation of a fair and just society.

A Longitudinal Investigation of Drug Use and Work Patterns among Middle-Class, White Adults

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Raskin White ◽  
Angela Aidala ◽  
Benjamin Zablocki
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Longitudinal Investigation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the relationship between drug use and patterns of living and working for a sample of middle-class, white “baby boomers” who have lived in communal households. A longitudinal investigation was initiated in the mid-1970s with 806 persons and followed up in 1986–1987 with 79% of these subjects. During interviews, the subjects supplied data related to their work and financial status, work-related attitudes and behavior, life status, and histories of drug use (i.e., types of drugs used, and quantity, frequency, and duration of use). The results indicate that neither chronic nor current use of marijuana or alcohol had adversely affected the subjects' occupational status and achievement in middle adulthood, although a relationship was found between daily alcohol consumption and delaying marriage and childbearing. The authors warn against extrapolating the results for this unique sample to the larger population, but note the implications they have for future research.

scholarly journals Darker Demons of Our Nature: The Need to (Re)Focus Attention on Blatant Forms of Dehumanization

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour S. Kteily ◽  
Emile Bruneau
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Although dehumanization research first emerged following the overt and conscious denials of humanity present during war and genocide, modern dehumanization research largely examines more subtle and implicit forms of dehumanization in more everyday settings. We argue for the need to reorient the research agenda toward understanding when and why individuals blatantly dehumanize others. We review recent research in a range of contexts suggesting that blatant dehumanization is surprisingly prevalent and potent, uniquely predicting aggressive intergroup attitudes and behavior beyond subtle forms of dehumanization and outgroup dislike, and promoting vicious cycles of conflict.

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