The Acceptability and Effectiveness of Videos Promoting Smoking Cessation Among Australians Experiencing Mental Illness

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110347
Author(s):  
Ratika Sharma-Kumar ◽  
Cheneal Puljević ◽  
Kylie Morphett ◽  
Carla Meurk ◽  
Coral Gartner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Promote Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
High Level

There are high rates of tobacco smoking among people who experience mental illness (MI). While videos are an effective method of disseminating health-related information, there is limited research investigating the effectiveness of video-delivered education promoting smoking cessation among people living with MI. This formative study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and acceptability of targeted video resources providing smoking cessation information and advice to smokers with MI. This study used a mixed-method design; 29 Australian smokers living with MI completed a preinterview survey including 12 questions assessing knowledge about smoking cessation, watched six videos developed by the research team providing information about smoking cessation, took part in semistructured interviews about the videos’ quality, content, and format, and then completed a postinterview survey identical to the preinterview survey to assess changes in smoking cessation-related knowledge. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to calculate changes in cessation-related knowledge, and thematic analysis was used to identify common themes in qualitative data. We found a statistically significant increase in participants’ smoking cessation-related knowledge scores after watching the videos. Participants indicated an overall high level of acceptability of the videos’ quality, content, and format, and findings from the semistructured interviews reflected these favorable views. This study’s findings provide a new understanding of the effectiveness and acceptability of customized video-based education to promote smoking cessation among people living with MI, and can be used to inform the content and focus of video resources aimed at increasing knowledge about smoking cessation for people experiencing MI.

scholarly journals Promotion of Elementary School Students’ Health Literacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9560
Author(s):  
Elke Knisel ◽  
Helge Rupprich ◽  
Annika Wunram ◽  
Markus Bremer ◽  
Christiane Desaive
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
School Students ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Health literacy is an important outcome of the discussion of school-related health education and health promotion in the 21st century. Although the improvement of health literacy at an early age is increasingly recognized and few interventions show the development of children´s health literacy, still there is little research in this area. The purpose of the study was to examine the enhancement of health literacy among children in a physical activity-based program at elementary school. In total, 137 students aged 6–12 years participated in the program, which included health knowledge transfer in child-appropriate games and exercises. Participants´ health literacy was assessed using the HLS-Child-Q15-DE at the beginning and the end of the program. The instrument measures the access, understanding, appraisal and application of health-related information on a four-point Likert-type scale. As expected, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant increases in self-reported health literacy over time. The results show that the degree of change in health literacy was not associated with gender or age. The results suggest that the physical activity-based program has the potential to improve elementary school children´s health literacy, even though in a single group pilot study.

scholarly journals Personal motivational resource as a condition for the development of self-education competence in university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
Olga V. Solovieva ◽  
◽  
Natalia B. Romaeva ◽  
Olesya D. Salnikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Federal State ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Motivational Structure ◽  
High Level

Introduction. The relevance of the research subject was determined by the present-day higher-education requirements for students’ self-educational competence. One of the conditions for its development is the personal motivational resource which allows the student to actualise and reliably meet his/her need for self-education and self-development. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the federal state autonomous institution of higher education North-Caucasus Federal University (N=200) with the use of the following methods: the authors’ questionnaire “Assessing the level of students’ self-education”, “Diagnostics of the personality’s motivational structure” (Milman), “Methodology for exploring the learning motivation” (Lukyanova, Kalinkina), adapted version of “Diagnostics of motivators of a person’s social and psychological activity” (Fetiskin). The study used as well the comparative methods of mathematical statistics (Mann Whitney U test; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Results. It was revealed that 30% and 29% of students, respectively, demonstrated low and high levels of formed self-education competence. The students with the high level of self-education had a progressive profile of personal motivational structure for the most part (41.4%); a very high level of motivation for learning, development motives and expressed inclination to creative activity (48.3%) testifying to internal motivation and personality-inherent substantiation of learning; the need for success (48.2%) and the tendency towards affiliation (group recognition) (41.4%). The students with the low level of self-education are predominantly characterised by impulsive (26.6%) and regressive (23.3%) profiles of personal motivational structure; moderate and reduced levels of motivation for learning (50%); three groups of motives: achieving success – 30.0%; striving for power – 36.7%; tendency towards affiliation – 33.3%, which evidences the prevailing external motivation for learning. The intergroup differences according to the Mann Whitney U test are statistically significant (p<0.05). The obtained results of the students’ personal motivational characteristics made it possible to identify the areas of content-specific support required for the development of self-education competence in undergraduate students. The experimental control-stage data showed positive dynamics in the development of the students’ self-education competence. A number of statistically significant differences according to the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were identified (p <0.05; p <0.01).

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Different Face Masks on Self-Perceived Dry Mouth and Halitosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9180
Author(s):  
Philipp Kanzow ◽  
Viktoria Dylla ◽  
Alannah Malina Mahler ◽  
Valentina Hrasky ◽  
Tina Rödig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks has increased, resulting in potential health-related side-effects. Therefore, the study aimed to analyse the effect of wearing face masks on self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis. A questionnaire addressing the daily wearing time of different face masks (community masks, surgical/medical masks and KN95-/N95-/FFP2-masks) and self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis was given to adults attending or working at a university hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and multiple linear regression analysis (p < 0.05). 3750 participants (age: 50.4 ± 15.5 years; 60.0% female) were included. During the pandemic, face masks were used for 4.7 ± 3.8 h per day: community masks: 0.9 ± 2.0 h, medical/surgical masks: 1.9 ± 2.8 h and KN95-/N95-/FFP2-masks: 1.9 ± 2.5 h per day. The use of face masks significantly increased self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis (both p < 0.001). Self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis increased with increasing wearing time (community masks: dry mouth: p < 0.001, halitosis: p = 0.014; medical/surgical masks: both: p < 0.001; KN95-/N95-/FFP2-masks: dry mouth: p < 0.001, halitosis: p = 0.011). The perception of dry mouth and halitosis was increased in females compared to males (both: p < 0.001). Participants used to wearing face masks prior to the pandemic perceived dry mouth to a higher extent (p = 0.043). Self-perceived halitosis was lower in older than in younger participants (p < 0.001). Due to the increased perception of dry mouth and halitosis, people might abstain from wearing face masks. Further studies need to analyse measurable changes in dry mouth or halitosis.

scholarly journals What Influences Mental Illness? Discrepancies Between Medical Education and Conception

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 238212051770512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Hy Einstein ◽  
Lidia Klepacz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Objective: This preliminary study examined the differences between what was taught during a formal medical education and medical students’ and psychiatry residents’ conceptions of notions regarding the causes and determinants of mental illness. Methods: The authors surveyed 74 medical students and 11 residents via convenience sampling. The survey contained 18 statements which were rated twice based on truthfulness in terms of a participant’s formal education and conception, respectively. Descriptive statistics and a Wilcoxon signed rank test determined differences between education and conception. Results: Results showed that students were less likely to perceive a neurotransmitter imbalance to cause mental illness, as opposed to what was emphasized during a formal medical education. Students and residents also understood the importance of factors such as systemic racism and socioeconomic status in the development of mental illness, which were factors that did not receive heavy emphasis during medical education. Furthermore, students and residents believed that not only did mental illnesses have nonuniform pathologies, but that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders also had the propensity to sometimes arbitrarily categorize individuals with potentially negative consequences. Conclusions: If these notions are therefore part of students’ and residents’ conceptions, as well as documented in the literature, then it seems appropriate for medical education to be further developed to emphasize these ideas.

scholarly journals Screening for Stereopsis of Children Using an Autostereoscopic Smartphone

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yanhui Yang ◽  
Huang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
3D Effects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Acuity Test ◽  
Stereo Acuity ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Background. The advantage of using an autostereoscopic smartphone is that it can achieve 3D effects without the need for glasses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether this technology could be utilized to detect stereoacuity. Methods. An autostereoscopic smartphone was used to imitate Lang stereotest I & II, Pass Test 3, Dinosaur Stereoacuity Test, and the Random Dot Stereo Acuity Test to screen the stereopsis of children from 3–6 years old. Results. No significant difference was found between each pair of groups (autostereoscopic smartphone vs. Lang stereotest I, Lang stereotest II, Pass Test 3, Dinosaur Stereoacuity Test, and Random Dot Stereo Acuity Test, respectively; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P value all >0.05). All of the weighted kappa were higher than 0.84. Therefore, all of the comparisons between measurements showed a high level of agreement. Conclusions. The autostereoscopic smartphone is an effective tool when used for the screening of deficiency in stereopsis.

Spatial Agglomerations in the Spanish Food Industry: Does Sectorial Disaggregation Matter?

2020 ◽  
pp. 016001762093417
Author(s):  
José Miguel Giner-Pérez ◽  
María Jesús Santa-María
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical

The food industry is the most important industrial activity in Spain in terms of production and employment; its spatial concentration is considerable. However, there is a lack of quantitative research on its agglomerations, especially at high levels of spatial and sectorial disaggregation. With the study presented, this deficit is addressed, using systematic and quantitative methods to examine the spatial agglomeration in the subsectors that the food industry is specialized. Spanish food industry clusters have been identified by applying a top-down quantitative methodological approach—the cluster index—and following a high level of territorial and sectorial disaggregation. Clusters were identified at the three- and four-digit sectorial disaggregation. The number of four-digit-level relevant clusters was higher than three-digit disaggregation. This evidence was verified using nonparametric statistical tests (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Furthermore, the analysis of four significant three-digit subsectors allows us to advance two alternative explanations for the divergent results at the different levels of the analysis (three digits vs. four digits). This partly explains the potential competitiveness of Spain in the food industry and shows the possibility of establishing policies for the development of clusters.

scholarly journals The Use of Board Games to Develop English Vocabulary of Ornamental and Flowering Plants Sold in the Community of Primary 5 (Grade 5) Students at Nikornradburana School, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1484-1489
Author(s):  
Montchatry Ketmuni, Pattaralee Naenon
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Achievement Scores ◽  
Learning Retention ◽  
Board Games ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Students Satisfaction

This research was under the U-School Mentoring 2020 Project. The research purposes were 1) to develop English vocabulary of ornamental and flowering plants sold in the community by using board games, 2) to study the learning retention after using board games, and 3) to study the students’ satisfaction toward learning by using board games. The samples in this research were 10 Primary 5 (Grade 5) students of Nikornradburana School, Pathum Thani, Thailand in academic year 1/2020. The research instruments were 10 lesson plans; pretest, posttest and learning retention tests; and a satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed by frequency, mean, standard deviation, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. The research results showed that the posttest achievement scores were higher than the pretest achievement scores at statistically significant level of .05. In addition, the learning retention scores were higher than the posttest scores at statistically significant level of .05. Moreover, it was found that the students’ satisfaction was at a high level ( = 2.83, S.D. = 0.12).

Competitiveness of Kvarner region: challenges for destination management and branding

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Bagarić ◽  
Danko Žitinić
Keyword(s):  
Level Of Service ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Destination Competitiveness ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Destination Brand

Purpose – Tourism demand for destinations, services and facilities is changing rapidly and only the destinations with high adaptability can expect to survive. Tourists prefer destinations with strong brands that guarantee a high level of service quality and are prepared to pay for it. Design – This study designs to determine that destination has to recognize the importance of tourism, but, as a brand, Kvarner is not distinctive enough. Based on its natural beauty, rich heritage and its vicinity and accessibility to a large part of Europe, it has the potential of becoming a leading destination. Methodology – Research was carried out in accordance with the Integrated Model of Destination Competitiveness based on 85 indicators. Various statistical methods like T-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Shapiro-Wilk test were used. Approach – The research was conducted using a questionnaire, through a dissemination of emails and personal interviews with tourist officials and people involved in the development of tourism in the Kvarner area. Findings – This study finds that destination management is the weak point of destination competitiveness and hypotheses that resources strongly support the overall competitiveness of destination Kvarner, than the elements of destination management and that destination brand is not sufficiently distinctive are confirmed. Originality of the research – This study provides valuable information and comparable data about competitiveness of Kvarner destination and points at brand influence on destination competitiveness.

scholarly journals Self-Evaluation of Anxiety in Dental Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Gerreth ◽  
Joanna Chlapowska ◽  
Katarzyna Lewicka-Panczak ◽  
Renata Sniatala ◽  
Michal Ekkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
High Level

Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze anxiety in female and male dental students related to their first procedure performed on a pediatric patient as part of their study curriculum. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out in eighty-four 3rd year dental students (75.00% females and 25.00% males), aged 22–28 years. The participation in the research was anonymous and voluntary. The study was performed during clinical classes in pediatric dentistry where the students were supposed to perform simple prophylactic or therapeutic procedures on pediatric patients. To assess anxiety, a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used prepared by Spielberger et al. based on the American STAI questionnaire of 1970 that is composed of two-parts scales: the X-1 scale to assess anxiety as a state and the X-2 scale to assess anxiety as a trait. For statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson’s chi-squared test, and Mann–Whitney test as well as Statistica 10 programme were used. Results. The results obtained from the first and second part of the questionnaire concerning anxiety as a state and as a trait showed high level of anxiety as a state in 51.19% of the students and as a trait in 32.14% and low level in 19.05% and 41.67%, respectively. The obtained results showed minimal and maximal values to be 24 and 71, respectively, for the STAI-1 scale (mean = 40.55), and 24 and 57, respectively, for the STAI-2 scale (mean = 41.75). Conclusions. The results show that the anxiety level during clinical classes is relatively high in the studied population of students. Preparing the students to cope with stress resulting from treating the patients seems to be of importance. Such programmes should be implemented before the start of practical clinical classes. The acquired knowledge will be useful in further professional career.

PENGARUH TIRAH BARING TERHADAP PENURUNAN RASA MUAL PADA KLIEN GASTRITIS DI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Dewi Nurhanifah ◽  
Desy Noor Latifah Sari ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami adalah penyakit gastritis. Gejala yang sering dikeluhkan oleh penderita gastritis adalah mual. Salah satu penatalaksanaan keperawatan yang dapat mengurangi rasa mual adalah tirah baring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tirah baring terhadap penurunan rasa mual pada klien gastritis di Pelayanan Kesehatan. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimental dengan bentuk penelitian one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dan sampel adalah klien yang mengalami mual di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas  yang berjumlah 15 orang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan observasi. Analisa data melalui uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menujukkan klien gastritis sebelum tirah baring mengalami mual ringan sebanyak 7 orang (46,7%), sesudah tirah baring mengalami tidak mual sebanyak 7 orang (46,7%). Ada pengaruh tirah baring terhadap penurunan rasa mual pada klien gastritis di Pelayanan Kesehatan (ρ value = 0,001).

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