Natural Observation of Alcohol Price and Promotions at Bars: Implications for Alcohol Misuse Prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110547
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Cox ◽  
Meredith Moskwiak ◽  
Beth H. Chaney ◽  
Madison Garrigues
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Observational Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Age Verification ◽  
Alcohol Price

Alcohol misuse among young adults remains a primary public health concern given the wide range of short- and long-term physical, social, and societal consequences of the behavior. On-premise drinking establishments, which allow alcohol consumption on site (i.e., bars), are frequent locations for young adult alcohol use. Risks for alcohol misuse within the bar setting are key factors to identify for prevention. Notably, alcohol price and promotions are associated with alcohol consumption among young adults. This study sought to develop and pilot test an observational protocol to assess the alcohol environment at on-premise drinking establishments. Following qualitative exploration of salient risk factors in these settings through focus groups with young adults, an observational tool was adapted and tested in a feasibility study. The refined tool was then pilot tested with two independent data collectors conducting natural observation at 13 establishments in the downtown nightlife district of a small, southeastern city. High interrater reliability was noted. Descriptive summary statistics of bar characteristics demonstrate low alcohol prices with variability across types of alcohol (e.g., beer, wine, and liquor), greater numbers of alcohol promotions inside rather than outside the building, and higher rates of manual versus electronic age verification procedures. Observational assessment of alcohol price and marketing at on-premise drinking establishments as described in this study is needed to inform prevention policy and programs to reduce harms associated with young adult alcohol misuse.

scholarly journals Young Adult E-cigarette Use and Retail Exposure in 6 US Metropolitan Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Carla J Berg ◽  
Xuejing Duan ◽  
Betelihem Getachew ◽  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
Natalie D. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Age Verification ◽  
Vape Shops

Objectives: Given the need to understand e-cigarette retail and its impact, we examined so- ciodemographic, tobacco and marijuana use, and e-cigarette retail experiences as correlates of (1) past 30-day e-cigarette use, (2) past 30-day advertising/media exposure, and (3) point-of-sale age verification among young adults. Methods: We analyzed baseline survey data (September- December, 2018) among 3006 young adults (ages 18-34) in 6 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle) in a 2-year longitudinal study. Results: In this sample (Mage = 24.6, 42.3% male, 71.6% white, 11.4% Hispanic), 37.7% (N = 1133) were past 30-day e-cigarette users; 68.6% (N = 2062; non-users: 66.0%, users: 72.9%) reported past 30-day e-cigarette-related advertising/media exposure. Among e-cigarette users, vape shops were the most common source of e-cigarettes (44.7%) followed by online (18.2%). Among users, 34.2% were "almost always" asked for age verification. In multilevel logistic regression, e-cigarette use and advertising/media exposure were correlated (and both correlated with being younger). E- cigarette use also correlated with other tobacco product and marijuana use (and being male and white). Infrequent age verification correlated with commonly purchasing e-cigarettes online (and being older and black). Conclusions: Increased efforts are needed to reduce young adult advertising/media exposure and increase retailer compliance among retailers, particularly online and vape shops.

scholarly journals Nondaily Smoking Cessation Motivation for Young Adults: Scale Development and Validation

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Carla J. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Reliability Factor ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Nondaily Smoking

Introduction: Nondaily smoking is a growing public health concern, particularly among young adults. Given the lack of existing measures for assessing factors associated with this smoking pattern, the present study aims to develop a measure of motivation to quit among young adult nondaily smokers. Specifically, we developed a scale assessing motivation for nondaily smoking cessation, and examined its reliability, factor structure, and concurrent validity.Methods: We administered an online survey to 2,000 students at six colleges in the Southeastern US, and 718 (35.9%) returned a completed survey. The current analyses focused on the 95 participants who reported nondaily smoking (i.e., smoking between 1 and 29 days of the past 30 days). In addition to the items created for scale development, measures included sociodemographics, other measures of motivation and confidence/self-efficacy, past smoking/quitting history, readiness to quit, and perceived harm.Results: The 13-item Nondaily Smoking Cessation Motivation Questionnaire (NSCM) had an average score of 56.95 (SD = 24.33) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.94). Factor analysis using principal components extraction with varimax rotation extracted three factors accounting for 76.8% of the variance: Controlled motivation, Autonomous motivation, and Amotivation. Concurrent and discriminant validity were documented.Conclusions: This study provided information about the development and validation of the Nondaily Smoking Cessation Motivation Questionnaire for young adult nondaily smokers. Given the lack of validated measures to assess factors associated with nondaily smoking, this assessment may be critical in informing our intervention strategies and potentially for predicting cessation among nondaily smokers in the young adult population.

Alcohol Consumption and Its Effects on Health among Young Adults–Windhoek, Namibia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sheehama J ◽  
◽  
Nghitongo A ◽  
Anyolo F ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

The misuse of alcohol has pervasive and potentially detrimental effects on the body, in society and the economy at large. The rise thereof and its adverse effects have become a public health concern. Various studies done have indicated that excessive alcohol consumption leads to a great deal of health and social consequences. The main purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of young adults on alcohol use and its effects on their health. The study applied a quantitative approach, using a cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory design to obtain data from 383 participants aged 18–30 years. A cluster random sampling method was employed, data was compiled and analysed using SPSS version 25.

scholarly journals Gambling among Swedish youth: Predictors and prevalence among 15- and 17-year-old students

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Svensson ◽  
Kristina Sundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
School Surveys ◽  
Grade 11

Background: Gambling among adolescents is a growing public health concern in Sweden as in many other countries. Excessive gambling has been found to be associated with a wide range of negative consequences such as financial problems, strained relationships, criminal behaviour, depression, and an elevated risk for suicide. Research suggests a link between alcohol consumption and gambling, particularly among male gamblers. There are nevertheless gaps in the available knowledge pertaining to school-aged students in Sweden. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate predictors of gambling and frequent gambling among Swedish students in Grade 9 and Grade 11 (ages 15 and 17 years). Data and method: Data on gambling and alcohol consumption were obtained from the Swedish Council on Information and Other Drugs yearly school surveys ( n = 4763) in Grade 9 and Grade 11 ( n = 3720). Poisson regression models have been applied to estimate the association between less frequent and frequent gambling with the predictors of gender, family and school satisfaction, school situation, and alcohol and drug use. Results: Gambling among Swedish students is a highly gendered activity: boys gamble more and more frequently than girls. Having consumed alcohol was associated with both less frequent and more frequent gambling among Grade 9 students while controlling for other variables. In Grade 9, heavy episodic drinking was only associated with less frequent gambling, not with frequent gambling. Among Grade 11 students, both alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking was associated with less frequent gambling but heavy episodic drinking was only associated with frequent gambling. Moreover, drug use was associated with less frequent gambling in Grade 11. Skipping classes was the only school factor that was found to be associated with less frequent gambling (Grade 11). Such factors as family satisfaction and two measurements of economic situation were not associated with gambling at all.

scholarly journals Altered alcohol consumption during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Steffen ◽  
Jenny Schlichtiger ◽  
Bruno C. Huber ◽  
Stefan Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Link Type

Abstract Background Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, many countries around the world have imposed lockdown measures in order to reduce virus spread. Social isolation is known to have a significant psychological impact, potentially triggering alcohol misuse in adults. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown measures on alcohol consumption in adults in Bavaria. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 2067 participants, with 1961 young adults (mean age 23.3 ± 4.1) and 106 mature adults (mean age 66.7 ± 9.7). Participants were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire, semi-quantitatively evaluating the alcohol drinking behaviour before and during the pandemic lockdown. Results After implementation of lockdown, the alteration of alcohol consumption was significantly different between young and mature adults (p <  0.001). Among young adults, 42% reported unchanged drinking behaviour compared to 76% in the mature adult group; 44% of young adults reported to drink less compared to only 7% of mature adults. An increase in alcohol consumption was only reported by 14% of young adults and 17% of mature adults. Interestingly, in the entire cohort, the change of alcohol intake was most pronounced among moderate drinkers (> 0 to < 5 drinks/week) in both age groups (p <  0.001). Ordinal logistic regression revealed female sex, low BMI and younger age to be associated with a decrease in number of self-reported drinks/week. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown significantly affected alcohol drinking behaviour. Further studies exploring long-term effects on potential alcohol misuse and the relevance on public health are warranted. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04361877) on April 24, 2020.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

JUVENTUDE, TRABALHO INFORMAL E SAÚDE MENTAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-144
Author(s):  
Marina Batista Chaves Azevedo de Souza ◽  
Isabela Aparecida de Oliveira Lussi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Informal Workers

Estudos apontam que jovens podem exercer trabalhos informais por necessidade não por desejo pessoal, o que pode acarretar impactos negativos na saúde mental. O objetivo do artigo foi apontar abordagens, destacar problemáticas e realizar reflexões sobre juventude, trabalho informal e saúde mental, através do mapeamento de estudos científicos. Realizou-se uma revisão de escopo pelo modelo de Arksey e O’Malley para mapear/sintetizar os estudos. Foram encontrados 51 artigos com a expressão: "informal work" OR "informal workers" OR "informal sector" OR "informal job" OR informality AND "mental health" AND "young adult" OR "young adults" OR young OR youth e 2640 teses e dissertações. Após as exclusões das duplicações, ensaios teóricos, revisões, trabalhos indisponíveis e estudos em que os títulos e resumos não abordavam a temática central, analisou-se 6 artigos científicos e 3 dissertações na íntegra. Os estudos são de anos diversos, a maioria quantitativos e investigam associações entre trabalhos informais/precários/desemprego e sintomas psiquiátricos. Questões geracionais não foram consideradas indicadoras de peculiaridades sobre o assunto nos artigos, mas duas dissertações trouxeram essa discussão. Foram inexistentes artigos que priorizam percepções do trabalhador sobre sua condição de trabalho/saúde, todavia, uma das dissertações analisadas abordou as condições sociais e o trabalho precário como sugestivos a problemas de saúde. Indica-se como necessário realizar reflexões que articulem saúde mental a condições políticas/socioeconômicas, considerando o trabalho como determinante de saúde/doença e a juventude como detentora de idiossincrasias que influenciam nas reflexões sobre o tema.

scholarly journals Patients with multiple sclerosis do not necessarily consume more alcohol or tobacco than the general population

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 828-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽  
Sidney Gomes ◽  
Marcus Vinicius M. Goncalves ◽  
Suzana C. Nunes Machado ◽  
Rogerio de Rizo Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
General Population ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
Transversal Study

Purpose Recent papers suggest that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are prone to alcohol misuse. This may be due to the combination of a lifelong and disabling disease with a psychiatric profile typical of MS. The objective of the present study was to assess these findings in a culturally different population of patients with MS.Method The present case-control transversal study assessed 168 patients with MS and 168 control subjects from Brazil.Results There were no evidence that patients with MS drank more alcohol or, smoked more than did controls. In fact, control subjects had a significantly higher alcohol consumption. The only trait associated to higher alcohol consumption was anxiety, both for patients and controls.Conclusion Unlike previous reports in the literature, patients with MS in our study did not drink or smoked more than a control population.

“I wouldn’t call them Muslims!”: Constructing a Respectable Islam

Numen ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 243-264
Author(s):  
Jonas Otterbeck
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Dominant Discourse ◽  
The Media ◽  
Mainstream Society

This article addresses the understanding of Islam of nine young adult Muslims living in the Malmö and Copenhagen region.1 Throughout the interviews with the young adults, they mark their distance from what they perceive as unacceptable forms of Islamic ideas and practices, labeling these ideas as extremist and inconsistent. They develop discursive techniques of distancing themselves from the mediated Islam of radicals and the often negative rendering of Islam that they encounter in daily life and in the media. By negotiating with the dominant discourse on what a “respectable religion” should look like, the young adults construct a religiosity that shares much of theformprescribed by mainstream society, but is different incontent. The theoretical framework is drawn from the study of sociology of religion and, in particular, from Beverley Skeggs’ theories on respectability (1997).

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