scholarly journals The Jack-Roller and the Life History Method: Notes on the Chicago School’s Clifford Shaw and Howard Becker’s Humanistic Narrative of Young Male and Female Delinquents in Different Ages

Young ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 110330882110461
Author(s):  
Shane Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Symbolic Interactionist ◽  
Female Delinquency ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Youth Delinquency ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Female Delinquents ◽  
Authorial Voice ◽  
Sexual Promiscuity ◽  
Landmark Study

Clifford Shaw’s (1930) The Jack-Roller is a landmark study of naturalism, ethnography and crime. It is the ‘own story’ of Stanley—a young delinquent in Chicago. Shaw’s series of ethnographic studies on delinquency sought to humanize deviance in opposition to pathological understandings of delinquency. The article looks on the representation of crimes committed and punishment received by young male and female delinquents. Shaw’s argument focuses on structural inequalities and poverty as the cause of deviance; as a result, female delinquency was not explained by sexual promiscuity, although he failed to recognize young women’s vulnerabilities. The second edition of The Jack-Roller introduced by Howard Becker (1966, Introduction. The Jack-Roller: A delinquent boy’s own story, pp. v–xviii) redefined Shaw’s study within the symbolic interactionist tradition. From the 1950s, Shaw and Becker disagreed over the writing of the deviant’s ‘own story,’ the control of the narrative and the authorial voice. The article adds to the literature on narrative, female deviance and youth delinquency.

scholarly journals Inter-Limb Jump Asymmetries and Their Association with Sport-Specific Performance in Young Male and Female Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7324
Author(s):  
Max I. Phukan ◽  
Rohit K. Thapa ◽  
Gopal Kumar ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Level Of Agreement

This study aimed to examine inter-limb jump asymmetries and their association with sport-specific performance in young swimmers. Thirty-eight (male, n = 19; female, n = 19) regional/national level young swimmers (age: 12.3 ± 1.2 years; height: 159.6 ± 8.2 cm; body mass: 52.5 ± 9.2 kg) participated in this study. Inter-limb asymmetries were assessed for single-leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ) and single-leg standing long jump (SLSLJ). Sport-specific performance was evaluated using front crawl (i.e., 50 m and 25 m) and front crawl kick (i.e., 50 m and 25 m). The kappa coefficient revealed a “slight” level of agreement (Κ = 0.156, 0.184, and 0.197 for female, male, and all, respectively) between the direction of asymmetry for SLCMJ and SLSLJ, indicating that asymmetries rarely favored the same limb during both tests. A paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.025) between asymmetry scores obtained in SLCMJ and SLSLJ. No significant difference was found in asymmetry scores between males and females (p = 0.099 to 0.977). Additionally, no association between asymmetry scores and sport-specific performance was observed (p > 0.05). Our findings highlight the independent nature of inter-limb asymmetries derived from SLCMJ and SLSLJ among young male and female swimmers. Further, our results suggest no association between jumping asymmetries and sport-specific performance.

Who Are the Stalking Victims? Exploring the Victimization Experiences and Psychosocial Characteristics of Young Male and Female Adults in Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan ◽  
Lorraine Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence Rate ◽  
Victimization Experience ◽  
Stalking Victims ◽  
Stalking Victimization

Most stalking studies are conducted in the West. Limited information is available on victims of stalking from the Asian continent. This study specifically explored the victimization experiences of young male and female adults in Hong Kong. Using a large sample of university students ( N = 2,496) aged between 18 and 40 years, the gender distribution of stalking incident characteristics was examined, along with prevalence of various stalking behaviors, and victim–offender relationships by types of stalking behaviors. The differential role of demographic and psychosocial characteristics in stalking victimization experience was also explored. The lifetime prevalence rate of stalking victimization was 8.2%, with a higher estimate in females than males (11.6% vs. 3.8%). The sample analyzed in this study was 196 stalking victims. Although surveillance-oriented behaviors were most frequently reported by both males and females, significant gender differences in types of stalking behaviors were noted. Multivariate analyses indicated that increases in age and levels of self-esteem were correlated with an increased probability of experiencing stalking victimization, while being a male and higher levels of life satisfaction were related to a lower likelihood of falling prey to stalking victimization. This study concludes with a call for anti-stalking legislation in Hong Kong given the devastating nature and consequences of stalking victimization.

scholarly journals Being Materialistic Makes You Happy or Not: A Probe

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Service Class ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Oxford Happiness Questionnaire

Does money bring happiness? This study was undertaken to understand and analyze the relationship between materialism and happiness. The sample consists of on young male and female students in the age group of 18-21years belonging to service class family and living in the tri-city of Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali. For the purpose of study respondents were selected randomly who were administered the structured questionnaire to measure happiness and materialism using Oxford Happiness questionnaire, Richards and Dawson Materialism Scale. Descriptive analysis, correlations, and t-ratios was applied to the data. Results revealed non- significant relationship between materialism and happiness. Gender difference was also studied.

Reliability of anthropometric measurements in young male and female artistic gymnasts

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Malamati Skaperda ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Female Gymnasts ◽  
Intra Class Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Body dimensions and body composition of children participating in artistic activities, such as gymnastics and many types of dancing, are important factors in performance improvement. The present study aimed to determine the reliability of a series of selected anthropometric measurements in young male and female gymnasts. Segment lengths, body breadths, circumferences, and skinfold thickness were measured in 20 young gymnasts by the same experienced examiner, using portable and easy-to-use instruments. All parameters were measured twice (test-retest) under the same conditions within a week's period. The high intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranging from 0.87 to 0.99, as well as the low coefficient of variation (CV) values (<5.3%), affirmed that the selected measurements were highly reliable. The technical error of measurement (TEM) values for lengths and breadths were 0.15 to 0.80 cm, for circumferences 0.22 to 1 cm, and for skinfold thickness 0.33 to 0.58 mm. The high test-retest ICC and the low CV and TEM values confirmed the reliability of all anthropometric measurements in young artistic gymnasts. Therefore, these measurements could contribute to further research in this field of investigation, helping to monitor young artistic gymnasts' growth status and identify specific characteristics for increased performance in this sport.

Does the musical tempo enhance physical performance?

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562090477
Author(s):  
Jorge A Aburto-Corona ◽  
J A de Paz ◽  
José Moncada-Jiménez ◽  
Bryan Montero-Herrera ◽  
Luis M Gómez-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Musical Tempo

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the musical tempo on heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and distance run (DR) during a treadmill aerobic test in young male and female adults. Participants ran on the treadmill listening to music at 140 beats per minute (bpm; M140), 120 bpm (M120), or without music (NM). No significant sex differences were found on HR (M140 = 172.6 ± 12.7, M120 = 171.9 ± 11.1, NM = 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .312), RPE (M140 = 7.5 ± 1.4, M120 = 7.6 ± 1.3, NM = 7.6 ± 1.2, p = .931), or DR (M140 = 4,791.4 ± 2,681.1, M120 = 4,900.0 ± 2,916.9, NM = 4,356.1 ± 2,571.2 m, p = .715). Differences were found in the effect of tempo on HR between condition M140 and NM (172.6 ± 12.7 vs. 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .044, η2 = 0.32). In conclusion, musical tempo does not affect performance, physiological, or perceptual variables in young adults exercising on a treadmill at a constant speed.

scholarly journals Effects of creatine supplementation on nociception in young male and female mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydee Izurieta Munoz ◽  
Eric B. Gonzales ◽  
Nathalie Sumien
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice

scholarly journals Violence and Attribution Error in Adolescent Male and Female Delinquents

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki L Waytowich ◽  
Anthony J Onwuegbuzie ◽  
Salman Elbedour
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Delinquents ◽  
Attribution Error

A Comparative Analysis of Male and Female Delinquency

1979 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Cernkovich ◽  
Peggy C. Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Female Delinquency ◽  
Male And Female
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