Regression of corneal neovascularization: Adiponectin versus bevacizumab eye drops

2019 ◽  
pp. 112067211987494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Baradaran-Rafii ◽  
Azin Ashnagar ◽  
Saeed Heidari Keshel ◽  
Sayena Jabbehdari ◽  
Ghazaleh Baradaran-Rafii
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Corneal Neovascularization ◽  
Silk Suture ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Artificial Tears ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
And Control

Purpose: Comparing the effect of adiponectin versus bevacizumab in decreasing corneal neovascularization. Methods: This study was conducted on 30 eyes of 30 New Zealand Albino male rabbits. Corneal neovascularization was induced by a single 7-0 silk suture 2 mm long and 1 mm in front of the limbus for 2 weeks. Rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of adiponectin (20 µg/mL), bevacizumab (5 mg/mL) and artificial tears. The treatments continued up to 14 days. Results: At the end of 14 days, the average length of vessels in rabbits treated with adiponectin, bevacizumab and control groups decreased from 2.12 ± 0.32 mm to 0.89 ± 0.46 mm (57.68% ± 19.98%) (P < 0.001), 2.30 ± 0.41 mm to 1.30 ± 0.58 mm (42.49% ± 27.17%) (P = 0.048) and from 2.12 ± 0.44 mm to 1.81 ± 0.42 mm (14.81% ± 5.64%) (P = 0.112), respectively. The length of vessels decreased 57.68% ± 19.98% and 42.49% ± 27.17% in adiponectin versus bevacizumab groups, respectively (P = 0.527). The average surface area of vessels in rabbits treated with adiponectin, bevacizumab and control groups reduced from 5.02 ± 1.50 mm2 to 1.40 ± 0.75 mm2 (70.64% ± 17.76%) (P < 0.001) 0.34 ± 1.1 mm2 to 2.80 ± 1.04 mm2 (48.24% ± 19.23%) (P = 0.039) and 5.12 ± 2.92 mm2 to 4.4 ± 2.55 mm2 (14.68% ± 4.19%) (P = 0.117). Mean surface area of vascularization decreased 70.64% ± 17.76% and 48.24% ± 19.23% in adiponectin versus bevacizumab, respectively (P = 0.013). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that topical adiponectin can decrease recent corneal neovascularization.

scholarly journals Effect of low-dose atropine on myopia progression, pupil diameter and accommodative amplitude: low-dose atropine and myopia progression

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aicun Fu ◽  
Fiona Stapleton ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Weiqun Wang ◽  
Bingxin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
And Control ◽  
Accommodative Amplitude

PurposeTo evaluate the effects of 0.01% and 0.02% atropine eye drops on myopia progression, pupil diameter and accommodative amplitude in myopic children.MethodsA cohort study assessed 400 myopic children divided into three groups: 138 and 142 children were randomised to use either 0.02% or 0.01% atropine eye drops, respectively. They wore single-vision (SV) spectacles, with one drop of atropine eye drop applied to both eyes once nightly. Control children (n=120) only wore SV spectacles. Repeated measurements of spherical equivalent refractive errors (SERs), axial length (AL), pupil diameter and accommodative amplitude were performed at baseline, and 4, 8 and 12 months after treatment.ResultsAfter 12 months, the SER change was −0.38±0.35D, −0.47±0.45D, −0.70±0.60D and AL change was 0.30±0.21 mm, 0.37±0.22 mm, 0.46±0.35 mm in the 0.02%, 0.01% atropine and control groups, respectively. There were significant differences in the change in AL and SER between three groups (all p<0.001). Between baseline and the 12-month visit, the overall change in accommodative amplitude was 1.50±0.25D, 1.61±0.31D and change in pupil diameter was 0.78±0.42 mm, 0.69±0.39 mm, with 0.02% and 0.01% atropine, respectively. Accommodative amplitude significantly decreased and pupil diameter significantly increased in two atropine groups (all p<0.001). Moreover, there was no statistical difference in the change difference in accommodative amplitude and pupil diameter between two atropine groups (p=0.24, p=0.38), whereas the accommodative amplitude (p=0.45) and pupil diameter (p=0.39) in the control group remained stable.Conclusions0.02% atropine eye drops had a better effect on myopia progression than 0.01% atropine, but 0.02% and 0.01% atropine showed similar effects on pupil diameter and accommodative amplitude after 12 months of treatment.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPD-16008844.

scholarly journals Relation between leaf number and final leaf area of rye.

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
R.F. Hoogland
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Relationship

In rye cv. Petkus and Zelder the date of emergence of the flag leaves was almost the same for all plants irrespective of the number of leaves (10-13) produced. Correlation coefficients for the relationship between total leaf area and number of leaves were + 0.45 and + 0.44 and for that between number of spikelets per ear and number of leaves + 0.61 and + 0.69 for the 2 varieties, respectively. Average surface area per leaf increased with increasing number of leaves.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Effect of topical 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride on intraocular pressure in ophthalmologically normal cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110059
Author(s):  
Houman Faghihi ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Rajaei ◽  
Hesam Ostadhasan ◽  
Hannah Emami Alagha
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Artificial Tears ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Rebound Tonometer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the effect of topical tetracaine hydrochloride 0.5% on intraocular pressure (IOP) in ophthalmologically normal cats. Methods Twenty domestic shorthair cats (40 eyes) were used in this study. Each cat was randomly allocated to one of two groups (treatment or control). Baseline IOP (T0) was measured in each cat, and then one drop of tetracaine hydrochloride 0.5% or artificial tears was administered into a randomly chosen eye of each cat in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Repeat IOP measurements were performed at 2 mins (T2), 5 mins (T5), 15 mins (T15) and 30 mins (T30) with a rebound tonometer. Results Mean baseline IOP in all eyes was 20.6 ± 2.5 mmHg. After the unilateral administration of tetracaine, mean IOP decreased significantly in the treated eye at T2 ( P = 0.01). Mean IOP returned to baseline values at T15. The mean IOPs in the treated eyes at T0, T2, T5, T15 and T30 were 20.6 ± 3.3 mmHg, 18.2 ± 2.5 mmHg, 18.2 ± 3.4 mmHg, 20.2 ± 3.2 mmHg and 19.8 ± 2.7 mmHg, respectively. A significant difference in IOP was found at all time points between the tetracaine and control groups (P <0.03). Conclusions and relevance The results of the present study showed a statistically significant reduction in mean IOP 2 mins after the administration of tetracaine hydrochloride 0.5% in the treated eyes of the cats.

scholarly journals Surface area analysis in edentulous jaws of patients with skeletal class I

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Postic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Class I ◽  
Anthropometric Parameter ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Edentulous Jaws

Introduction. The surface area of edentulous jaw has been considered as an important functional and anthropometric parameter. The aim of this study was to assess the surface area of supporting tissue in edentulous jaws of patients with the skeletal class I. Material and Methods. Thin aluminum foils (0.5 mm of thickness) were adapted on plaster surfaces of 139 pairs of edentulous jaws casts. Foils were positioned on a millimeter-paper in order to measure their areas. Additionally, surface areas were measured using a mechanic plan-meter (G. Coradi, Zurich, Switzerland, serial no. 49823). The measurement error was 1%. Skeletal class of edentulous jaws was determined by analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs, and assessing the ANB (SNA, SNB) angle. Results. The average surface area of edentulous upper jaws was 4654?407 mm2 in males, and 4212?368 mm2 in females. Edentulous lower jaws had average surface area of 2843?339 mm2 in males, and 2334?295 mm2 in females. Statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was found in comparison of surface areas and dimensions of upper and lower edentulous jaws in male and female. ANB values ranged from 2 to 4 degrees. Conclusion. The surface area is an important parameter in the analysis of edentulous jaws. Edentulous jaws in males had greater surface areas and dimensions as compared to females. Edentulous areas on the right side were not absolutely symmetric to areas on the left side.

Morphology and dimensions of the young comendite lavas of La Primavera volcano, Mexico

1982 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Clough ◽  
J. V. Wright ◽  
G. P. L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Ring Fracture ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
Special Environment ◽  
Lake Deposits

SummaryQuantitative data on the rhyolitic lavas of the Quaternary La Primavera volcano, Mexico, are presented. Lavas vary in form from domes and mesa lavas to short coulées. Average thickness is 100 m, average surface area is 2.7 km2 and aspect ratios vary from 1:7 to 1:25. Two petrological lava types are distinguished – porphyritic and aphyric. Porphyritic lavas occur on or within an inner ring fracture and are associated with an area of caldera lake deposits. Many features suggest that these porphyritic lavas were emplaced into the wet sediments or water of the caldera lake. Aphyric lavas are largely found to the south of this region and form large polygenetic structures extruded on dry land. The porphyritic lavas generally are smaller and have higher aspect ratios than the aphyric, which are attributed to their special environment of emplacement. Some porphyritic lavas extruded on dry land, outside the region occupied by the caldera lake, are, however, the thinnest on the volcano.

Quantitative Methods Used to Describe the Structure of Iron

2015 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
B. Łosiewicz ◽  
A. Wala ◽  
Grzegorz Dercz ◽  
Magdalena Popczyk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Length Unit ◽  
Flat Structure ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Electrode Processes ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
Pattern Scale

The electrode processes are often studied on iron for the needs of hydrogen technologies. This paper presents the use of the resources of the “MicroScan” program in manual methods to determine the stereological parameters of the Armco iron. For this purpose, the average number of particles per one unit of the NA surface area and the average surface area of the grains in the 〈A flat structure were determined, using the planimetric, the Jeffries and the comparative methods. The linear method was used to determine the average number of segments per one length unit of the NL structure and the average length of the circuits of grains in the 〈L flat structure. It was found out that the mean values of the determined parameters were in line with the PN-84/H-04507 standard and small differences existing in the obtained results were due to the jumping character of the pattern scale of the mentioned standard. The relative error of the NA and A parameters indicates that the planimetric method allows to achieve the most accurate measurement of the size of the grain.

FC16-05 - Efficacy of social cognitive remediation in schizophrenia patients: a meta-analysis including 22 RCTS

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1908-1908
Author(s):  
D.R. Mueller ◽  
S.J. Schmidt ◽  
V. Roder
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Therapy Effect ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
And Control ◽  
Social Cognitive Remediation

IntroductionToday there is an increased interest from clinicians and researchers in social cognition as a treatment objective for schizophrenia patients.ObjectivesDuring the last years, several new Social Cognitive Remediation (SCR) approaches were developed. SCR directly intervene in individual or multiple social cognitive domains declared by the NIMH-MATRICES-Initiative. Some of these approaches integrate social cognitive interventions with therapeutic components intended to ameliorate neurocognitive and social skills or with work rehabilitation.AimsUntil today no quantitative review to evaluate the efficacy of SCR has been presented.Methods22 randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) were identified and included in a meta-analysis. Based on the outcome variables from each study, effect sizes (ES) between SCR and control groups were calculated.ResultsOver an average length of more than 20 weeks a significant global therapy effect of SCR compared to controls was evident (average ES of all conducted variables). Significant effects were found in the proximal outcome addressing social cognition and specifically in the domains of emotional processes, social perception and ToM. Additionally, the neurocognitive area showed significant evidence of amelioration compared with the control groups. More distal effects were found for psychopathology and social functioning. The global therapy effect could be maintained during a mean follow-up period of 10 months. The setting, the type of control groups and the type of intervention in the experimental group were identified as moderators.ConclusionsThe results support strong empirical evidence that SCR has a broad effect on various areas of functioning and symptoms relevant in schizophrenia.

Sodium-pump density of cells from dog tracheal mucosa

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. C389-C398 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Widdicombe ◽  
C. B. Basbaum ◽  
E. Highland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Average Surface Area

Uptake of tritiated ouabain by cells isolated from dog tracheal epithelium showed two components: a saturable component with a Km of 5.1 X 10(-8) M and a maximal uptake of 8.3 X 10(5) molecules/cell and a nonsaturating component of uptake that was linear with concentration. Several criteria indicated that the saturable uptake component represented binding to the Na+-K+-ATPase. To estimate the average surface area per cell, a known number of cells were pelleted and weighed, and the average surface area was calculated, assuming the cells to be perfectly spherical. The validity of this assumption was confirmed by comparing the calculated surface areas of cells in isotonic and hypotonic media. From the values for maximal saturable uptake and average surface area, a pump density of approximately 2,400 sites/micron2 was calculated. Given that the apical membrane lacks Na pumps and accounts for only approximately 5% of the total surface area, this value corresponds to the pump density of the basolateral cell membrane. The pump densities of ciliated, goblet, and basal cells were compared by autoradiography. The three cell types had approximately the same density of pump sites.

scholarly journals Mapping the contact area of the patellofemoral joint

2019 ◽  
Vol 101-B (5) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Clark ◽  
J. M. Stevens ◽  
D. Tortonese ◽  
M. R. Whitehouse ◽  
D. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Knee Movement ◽  
And Control

Aims The aim of this study was to determine and compare the congruency of the articular surface contact area of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) during both active and passive movement of the knee with the use of an MRI mapping technique in both the stable and unstable PFJ. Patients and Methods A prospective case-control MRI imaging study of patients with a history of PFJ instability and a control group of volunteers without knee symptoms was performed. The PFJs were imaged with the use of an MRI scan during both passive and active movement from 0° through to 40° of flexion. The congruency through measurement of the contact surface area was mapped in 5-mm intervals on axial slices. In all, 40 patients were studied. The case group included 31 patients with symptomatic patellofemoral instability and the control group of nine asymptomatic volunteers. The ages were well matched between the case and control groups. The mean age was 25 years (16 to 42; sd 6.9) in the case group and 26 years (19 to 32; sd 5.1) in the control group. There were 19 female and 12 male patients in the case group. Results The unstable PFJs were demonstrably less congruent than the stable PFJs throughout the range of knee movement. The greatest mean differences in congruency between unstable and stable PFJ’s were observed between 11° and 20° flexion (1.73 cm2 vs 4.00 cm2; p < 0.005). Conclusion The unstable PFJ is less congruent than the stable PFJ throughout the range of knee movement studied. This approach to mapping PFJ congruency produces a measurable outcome and will allow the assessment of pre- and postoperative results following surgical intervention. This may facilitate the design of new procedures for patients with PFJ instability. If a single axial series is to be obtained on MRI scan, the authors recommend 11° to 20° of tibiofemoral flexion, as this was shown to have the greatest difference in contact surface area between the case and control groups. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:552–558.

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