A Review of the Factors Associated With the Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding and Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Middle East

Background: Breastfeeding supplies all the nutrients that infants need for their healthy development. Breastfeeding practice is multifactorial, and numerous variables influence mothers’ decisions and ability to breastfeed. This review identifies the factors potentially affecting the timely initiation of breastfeeding within an hour after birth and exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months in Middle Eastern countries. Methods: The Medline, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases were keyword-searched for primary studies meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) publication in the English language between January 2001 and May 2017, (2) original research articles reporting primary data on the factors influencing the timely initiation of breastfeeding and/or exclusive breastfeeding, (3) the use of World Health Organization definitions, and (4) Middle Eastern research contexts. A random effect model was used to establish the average prevalence of the timely initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in the Middle East. Results: The review identified 19 studies conducted in Saudi Arabia (7), Iran (3), Egypt (2), Turkey (2), Kuwait (1), the United Arab Emirates (1), Qatar (1), Lebanon (1), and Syria (1). The meta-analysis established that 34.3% (confidence interval [CI]: 20.2%-51.9%) of Middle Eastern newborns received breastfeeding initiated within an hour of birth, and only 20.5% (CI: 14.5%-28.2%) were fed only breast milk for the first 6 months. The 8 studies exploring breastfeeding initiation most commonly associated it with the following: delivery mode, maternal employment, rooming-in, and prelacteal feeding. The 17 studies investigating exclusive breastfeeding most frequently linked it to the following: maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment, and delivery mode. Conclusions: Middle Eastern health care organizations should fully understand all the determinants of breastfeeding identified by this review to provide suitable practical guidance and advice to help new mothers to overcome barriers where possible and to contribute to improving infant and maternal health in the region.

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Barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding during the immediate and one month postpartum periods, among Mexican women: a mixed methods approach

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-020-00327-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Hernández-Cordero ◽

Ana Lilia Lozada-Tequeanes ◽

Ana Cecilia Fernández-Gaxiola ◽

Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽

Matthias Sachse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infant Formula ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Mexican Women ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Private Hospitals ◽

Public And Private ◽

Public And Private Hospitals ◽

Hospital Practices ◽

Timely Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that inadequate hospital practices, as well as sociocultural and community factors have detrimental effects on timely initiation as the first breastfeed within first hour after birth, and exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of the study was to examine the factors that influence timely initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at birth and 1 month postpartum in Mexican women delivering in public and private hospitals. Methods Mixed methods were conducted between May and July 2017, including surveys (n = 543) and semi-structured interviews (n = 60) in the immediate (7 h) and intermediate (30 days) postpartum periods. Participants were women aged 15–49 years, in public and private hospitals, of urban and rural municipalities of Chihuahua and Puebla, Mexico. Results Timely initiation was reported by 49.4% of mothers, and 34.7% reported that their children received infant formula at the hospital. Only 44.8% of women reported exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum. Timely initiation of breastfeeding was higher in women with vaginal delivery (62.1 vs 35.5%; p < 0.05) and those who received information during pregnancy (OR 1.07; p = 0.018). Exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum was related to older maternal age (OR 1.05; p < 0.001) and the fact that the mothers had received more information about breastfeeding during pregnancy (OR 1.13; p = 0.0001). Infant formula use was less associated with timely initiation (OR 0.46; p = 0.001). Participants in qualitative data identified the emotional, physical and economic benefits of breastfeeding, however, the perception about insufficient production of human milk, and the belief that infant formula is recommended, persists. Conclusions Modification of hospital practices, such as decreasing the number of cesarean and the use of infant formula, as well as the support of the initiation and continuation of exclusive breastfeeding by health personnel and family members, could help increase breastfeeding practices in Mexican women.

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Timely initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers with vaginal and cesarean deliveries in public hospitals of Addis Ababa

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1075613/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adane Mekonnen ◽

Zewdu Shewangizaw

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Delivery ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Vaginal Deliveries ◽

Timely Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background WHO and UNICEF recommend breastfeeding to be initiated within the first hour of birth. It is possible to initiate breastfeeding within an hour of birth regardless of the method of delivery. Despite this, the practice of timely initiation of breastfeeding remains low in Ethiopia with both delivery modalities. Therefore, this study aims to compare timely initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors with cesarean and vaginal deliveries in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, 2021. Methods and materials: Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to February 2021 in public hospitals of Addis Ababa. 322 mothers within three days of delivery at the postnatal ward of the respective public hospitals were selected. A multi-stage sampling method was employed with the final participants being recruited by systematic random sampling. Data was entered to Epi data Version 4.6 and analysis was performed by SPSS Version 26. A Binary and multivariate logistic regression statistical model was used. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to see the strength of association. Result Timely breastfeeding initiation was 79 (51.2%) and 123 (80%) for cesarean and vaginal deliveries. With a vaginal delivery, pre-lacteal feeding (AOR= 5.50, 95% CI:1.83-16.57) was significantly associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding. Multiparty (AOR= 2.14, 95% CI: 1.02-4.50), support from health care worker (AOR= 2.602, 95% CI: 1.16-5.82), and pre-lacteal feeding (AOR= 2.55, 95% CI: 1.13-5.75) were significantly associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding with cesarean delivery. Conclusion The rate of timely initiation of breastfeeding differs according to the mode of delivery. Cesarean delivery, as compared to vaginal delivery, was associated with a higher mean and median time for initiation of breastfeeding.

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Trends and determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-019-0234-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Kedir Y. Ahmed ◽

Andrew Page ◽

Amit Arora ◽

Felix Akpojene Ogbo

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

National Level ◽

Early Initiation ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Delayed Initiation ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background At the national level in Ethiopia, there is limited knowledge of trends and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), particularly during the Millenium Development Goal (MDG) era (2000–2015). The study aimed to examine the trends and determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2016. Methods Using the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data for the years: 2000 (n = 3680), 2005 (n = 3528), 2011 (n = 4037) and 2016 (n = 3861), trends in early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression models that adjusted for confounders, sampling weight, clustering and stratification were used to examine the association between socioeconomic, demographic, health service and community level factors with early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF from 2000 to 2016. Results The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding increased from 48.8% in 2000 to 75.7% in 2016 in Ethiopia. Improvement in EBF prevalence was not statistically significant (from 54.5% in 2000 to 59.9% in 2016). Over the study period, informal maternal employment (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 0.75; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.68, 0.83), frequent antenatal care visits (aOR 0.74; 95% CI 0.65, 0.85), and cesarean birthing (aOR 0.22; 95% CI 0.17, 0.30) were associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Birthing in the health facility (aOR 1.35; 95% CI 1.05, 1.75) and residing in the metropolis region (aOR 1.95; 95% CI 1.65, 2.32) were associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding. In a similar period, informally employed mothers (aOR 1.37; 95% CI 1.15, 1.63) and those with six or more family size (aOR 1.46; 95% CI 1.10, 1.93) were more likely to exclusively breastfeed their babies. Conclusion Early initiation of breastfeeding improved in Ethiopia during the MDG era but it is still below the national target; progress in EBF remained slow. To improve breastfeeding outcomes and meet the global breastfeeding targets in Ethiopia, infant feeding efforts should focus on improving key modifiable factors, including place and mode of birthing and socioeconomic status of mothers.

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Prevalence and factors affecting early initiation of breastfeeding in rural areas of Dibrugarh district, Assam

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191856 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 2176

Author(s):

Monmohan Borah ◽

Jenita Baruah ◽

Rupali Baruah ◽

Manjit Boruah

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Early Initiation ◽

World Health ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Background: Early or timely initiation of breastfeeding, specifically within 1 hour of birth has benefits for survival and beyond and it is recommended by the World Health Organization. Breastfeeding initiation after the first hour of birth doubles the risk of neonatal mortality. The present study has been conducted to estimate the prevalence and determine the factors affecting early initiation of breastfeeding in rural areas of Dibrugarh, district, Assam.Methods: Community based cross sectional study from May 2017 to April 2018 among mothers having children in the age group 0 to 23 months in the rural areas of Dibrugarh district. The sample size calculated for the study was 360 children.Results: The results were analyzed for 334 children. Prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was found to be 54.8%. On multivariate regression analysis the occupation and education of mothers, number of antenatal checkup visits, type of delivery and religion were found to be independently associated with early initiation of breastfeeding.Conclusions: This study reveals that the early initiation of breast feeding is lower in rural areas of Dibrugarh district. The findings clearly highlight the importance of imparting health education to family members and mothers right from antenatal period on infant and child feeding practices.

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Associations between caesarean births and breastfeeding in the Middle East: a scoping review

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/emhj.21.027 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miho Sodeno ◽

Hannah Tappis ◽

Gilbert Burnham ◽

Mija Ververs

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Population Based ◽

Early Initiation ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Demographic Surveys ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Background: There is a paucity of published studies on factors influencing feeding practices for infants and young children born via caesarean section. Aims: To assess whether the mode of childbirth affects early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding, and to identify factors that positively or negatively influence breastfeeding after caesarean births in selected countries in the Middle East. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of publicly available population-based surveys and peer-reviewed literature on the associations between birthing mode and breastfeeding published between 2000 and 2018. The search identified 33 demographic surveys and 16 studies containing information on the mode of childbirth and breastfeeding in selected countries in the Middle East listed in PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Searches were completed in March 2019. Results: Demographic surveys in 6 of 7 Middle Eastern countries demonstrated increased rates of births by caesarean section. All 3 countries with ≥ 3 datasets available demonstrated that early initiation of breastfeeding was less likely after caesarean section than after vaginal births. Eleven studies analysed differences in breastfeeding outcomes between caesarean section and vaginal births, and all of them identified significant differences between birthing modes. Five studies addressed factors influencing breastfeeding after caesarean births. Conclusion: Caesarean births are associated with a higher risk of delayed initiation of breastfeeding as well as early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding.

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Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding and Its Associated Factors among Mothers in Tiyo Woreda, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia: A Community- Based Cross Sectional Study

Clinics in Mother and Child Health ◽

10.4172/2090-7214.1000221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bedasa Woldemichael

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Arsi Zone ◽

Timely Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

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Fostering the practice of rooming-in in newborn care

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2013.85 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 177-178

Author(s):

Saurabh R. Shrivastava ◽

Prateek S. Shrivastava ◽

Jegadeesh Ramasamy

Keyword(s):

Institutional Delivery ◽

Newborn Care ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Cost Effective Approach ◽

Health Related ◽

And Child Health ◽

Timely Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Universal Application

Practice of rooming-in meant that baby and mother stayed together in the same room day and night in the hospital, right from the time of delivery till the time of discharge. Adoption of rooming-in offers multiple benefits to the newborn, mother, and mother-child as a unit. It is a cost-effective approach wherefewer instruments are required and spares additional manpower. Rooming-in endeavors the opportunity to contribute signifi cantly in the child’s growth, development and survival by assisting in timely initiation of breastfeeding. To ensure universal application of rooming-in in hospitals, a comprehensive and technically sound strategy should be formulated and implemented with active participation of healthcare professionals. Measures such as advocating institutional delivery through outreach awareness activities; adoption of baby-friendly hospital initiative; inculcating a sense of ownership among health professionals, can be strategically enforced for better maternal and child health related outcomes.

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Evaluation of the impact of breastfeeding support groups in primary health centres in Andalusia, Spain: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (GALMA project)

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09244-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isabel Rodríguez-Gallego ◽

Fatima Leon-Larios ◽

Cecilia Ruiz-Ferrón ◽

Maria-de-las-Mercedes Lomas-Campos

Keyword(s):

Support Groups ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Intervention Group ◽

World Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Primary Health ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Breastfeeding Rates ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background In 2003, the World Health Organization recommended exclusive breastfeeding (EB) during the newborn’s first 6 months of life and, if possible, during the first 2 years. However, EB rates resist these recommendations. In developed countries, only 1 out of 3 babies is breastfed during its first 6 months of life, and great differences between areas and countries can be observed. Only 35% of the newborns receive breastfeeding at 3–4 months of age. There are diverse strategies described in the literature that have proven their efficiency in improving breastfeeding rates. It has also been proven that professional support is an effective tool to extend any kind of breastfeeding; besides, it has been observed that mother-to-mother support also increases breastfeeding initiation, sustainment, and exclusive duration. The overall aim of the study is to assess the impact of the support groups on the sustainment of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months after birth. Methods/design This study is a cluster-random multicentric clinical trial with a control group and an intervention group, without blinding because it is impossible to mask the intervention. A randomization by centres of primary health (clusters) will be carried out. The women allocated to the intervention or control group will be randomized with a simple randomization sampling. The participants’ breastfeeding rate will be followed up at the first 10 days, and at 2, 4, and 6 months of their newborn’s life. Discussion There is a need to assess the impact of mother support groups on exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to analyse the outcomes related to the support received and to identify what should the structure of these groups be; in other words, to describe factors related to a better breastfeeding experience in order to help women increase breastfeeding rates. Trial registration The trial is prospectively recorded at the ISRCTN registry (Trial ID: ISRCTN17263529). Date recorded: 17/06/2020.

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