An approach to weight optimization of a spur gear

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Panda ◽  
BB Biswal ◽  
SD Jena ◽  
D Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Weight Optimization ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Stress Region ◽  
Objective Function Values ◽  
Optimum Solution

Lightweight is one of the most important criterion in the optimum design of gear set for motorsport and aerospace application. A tradeoff between optimum weight and failure modes of gear is a subject of interest for researchers and the industry. In the present work weight of a single-stage spur gear set is optimized. This nonlinear constrained optimization formulation has been solved by using differential evolution algorithm. A total of six design variables corresponding to gear geometry and material property are considered. The results obtained are compared with those of published heuristics like genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, and particle swarm optimization algorithm, respectively. The optimization is performed in such a way that the design variables satisfy all constraints at optimum solution. Apart from this, several constraints related to scoring are included in the optimization. The constraint violation study is performed to prioritize the constraints. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to see the effect of manufacturing tolerances of design variables on weight of the gear set. The optimality of the solution has been ensured through the convergence study. The optimization reveals that the reported results are also encouraging in terms of objective function values and CPU time. In addition, the optimum design variables obtained through the weight optimization of spur gear set are used for preparation of a CAD model. Then the stress analysis using finite element analysis is performed on the gear set to identify the critical stress region in the optimized gear set.

The Fuzzy Reliability Optimum Design of Offshore Jacket Platforms

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangjun Zhai ◽  
Haigui Kang ◽  
Facong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Fuzzy Optimization ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Fuzzy Constraint ◽  
Cut Set ◽  
Optimum Model ◽  
Optimum Solution

In consideration of the fuzzy constraint boundary and through analysis of structural reliability, a model of structural fuzzy optimum design is established based on reliability for offshore jacket platforms. According to the characteristics of offshore jacket platforms, the tolerance coefficient of the constraint boundary is determined with the fuzzy optimization method. The optimum level cut set λ*, which is the intersection of the fuzzy constraint set and fuzzy objective set, is determined with the bound search method, and then the fuzzy optimum solution of fuzzy optimization problem is obtained. The center offshore platform SZ36-1 is designed with the fuzzy optimum model based on reliability above; the results are compared with those from deterministic optimum design and fuzzy optimum design. The tendency of design variables and its reasons in the above three methods are analyzed. The results of an example show that the fuzzy optimum design based on reliability is stable and reliable.

scholarly journals Antioptimisation of Trusses Using Two-Level Population-Based Incremental Learning

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phinit Tontragunrat ◽  
Sujin Bureerat
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Incremental Learning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Level Population ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Optimum Solution

Practical optimum design of structures often involves parameters with uncertainties. There have been several ways to deal with such optimisation problems, and one of the approaches is an antioptimisation process. The task is to find the optimum solution of common design variables while simultaneously searching for the worst case scenario of those parameters with uncertainties. This paper proposed a metaheuristic based on population-based incremental learning (PBIL) for solving antioptimisation of trusses. The new algorithm is called two-level PBIL which consists of outer and inner loops. Five antioptimisation problems are posed to test the optimiser performance. The numerical results show that the concept of using PBIL probability vectors for handling the antioptimisation of truss is powerful and effective. The two-level PBIL can be considered a powerful optimiser for antioptimisation of trusses.

scholarly journals Enumeration search method for optimisation of stacking sequence of laminated composite plates subjected to buckling

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Sedyono ◽  
Homayoun Hadavinia ◽  
Demetrios Venetsanos ◽  
Denis R. Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Global Optimum ◽  
Search Method ◽  
Laminated Plate ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Optimum Solution

AbstractEnumeration search method (ESM) checks all possible combinations of design variables in a bottom-up approach until it finds the global optimum solution for the design conditions. In this paper an optimum design of a multilayered laminated plate made of unidirectional fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite subject to uniaxial compression is sought.ESMtogether with classical laminated plate theory (CLPT) has been used to find the lightest laminate for maximizing the buckling load capable of providing structural stability for a set target uniaxial compression load. The choice of the design variables is limited to 4 possible fibres orientation angles (0,90,-45,+45) and the sequence of the laminate, making the problem an integer programming. Experimental and finite element analyses were used to verify the optimum solution. It has been shown that the exhaustive enumeration search method is a powerful tool for finding the global optimum design.

Finite Element Modeling for Steel Cord Analysis in Radial Tires

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yintao ◽  
Luo Yiwen ◽  
Miao Yiming ◽  
Chai Delong ◽  
Feng Xijin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Tension Force ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Steel Cord

ABSTRACT: This article focuses on steel cord deformation and force investigation within heavy-duty radial tires. Typical bending deformation and tension force distributions of steel reinforcement within a truck bus radial (TBR) tire have been obtained, and they provide useful input for the local scale modeling of the steel cord. The three-dimensional carpet plots of the cord force distribution within a TBR tire are presented. The carcass-bending curvature is derived from the deformation of the carcass center line. A high-efficiency modeling approach for layered multistrand cord structures has been developed that uses cord design variables such as lay angle, lay length, and radius of the strand center line as input. Several types of steel cord have been modeled using the developed method as an example. The pure tension for two cords and the combined tension bending under various loading conditions relevant to tire deformation have been simulated by a finite element analysis (FEA). Good agreement has been found between experimental and FEA-determined tension force-displacement curves, and the characteristic structural and plastic deformation phases have been revealed by the FE simulation. Furthermore, some interesting local stress and deformation patterns under combined tension and bending are found that have not been previously reported. In addition, an experimental cord force measurement approach is included in this article.

Shape Optimization of Hydraulic Structures: an Example of an Optimum Design of a Fish Passage

10.29007/2k64 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Prodanovic ◽  
Cedric Goeury ◽  
Fabrice Zaoui ◽  
Riadh Ata ◽  
Jacques Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Design Variables

This paper presents a practical methodology developed for shape optimization studies of hydraulic structures using environmental numerical modelling codes. The methodology starts by defining the optimization problem and identifying relevant problem constraints. Design variables in shape optimization studies are configuration of structures (such as length or spacing of groins, orientation and layout of breakwaters, etc.) whose optimal orientation is not known a priori. The optimization problem is solved numerically by coupling an optimization algorithm to a numerical model. The coupled system is able to define, test and evaluate a multitude of new shapes, which are internally generated and then simulated using a numerical model. The developed methodology is tested using an example of an optimum design of a fish passage, where the design variables are the length and the position of slots. In this paper an objective function is defined where a target is specified and the numerical optimizer is asked to retrieve the target solution. Such a definition of the objective function is used to validate the developed tool chain. This work uses the numerical model TELEMAC- 2Dfrom the TELEMAC-MASCARET suite of numerical solvers for the solution of shallow water equations, coupled with various numerical optimization algorithms available in the literature.

Modeling of surface roughness in a novel magnetorheological gear profile finishing process

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622097826
Author(s):  
Ravi Datt Yadav ◽  
Anant Kumar Singh ◽  
Kunal Arora
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Gear Profile

Fine finishing of spur gears reduces the vibrations and noise and upsurges the service life of two mating gears. A new magnetorheological gear profile finishing (MRGPF) process is utilized for the fine finishing of spur gear teeth profile surfaces. In the present study, the development of a theoretical mathematical model for the prediction of change in surface roughness during the MRGPF process is done. The present MRGPF is a controllable process with the magnitude of the magnetic field, therefore, the effect of magnetic flux density (MFD) on the gear tooth profile has been analyzed using an analytical approach. Theoretically calculated MFD is validated experimentally and with the finite element analysis. To understand the finishing process mechanism, the different forces acting on the gear surface has been investigated. For the validation of the present roughness model, three sets of finishing cycle experimentations have been performed on the spur gear profile by the MRGPF process. The surface roughness of the spur gear tooth surface after experimentation was measured using Mitutoyo SJ-400 surftest and is equated with the values of theoretically calculated surface roughness. The results show the close agreement which ranges from −7.69% to 2.85% for the same number of finishing cycles. To study the surface characteristics of the finished spur gear tooth profile surface, scanning electron microscopy is used. The present developed theoretical model for surface roughness during the MRGPF process predicts the finishing performance with cycle time, improvement in the surface quality, and functional application of the gears.

Accelerated testing of super lightweight UHPC waffle deck under heavy vehicle simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Sahar Ghasemi ◽  
Amir Mirmiran ◽  
Yulin Xiao ◽  
Kevin Mackie
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Simulator ◽  
Pavement Testing ◽  
Heavy Vehicle Simulator

A super lightweight deck can enhance load rating and functionality of a bridge, especially those identified as structurally deficient. This study was aimed to develop and experimentally validate a novel bridge deck as an ultra-lightweight low-profile waffle slab of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) with either carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) or high strength steel (HSS) reinforcement. The proposed system lends itself to accelerated bridge construction, rapid deck replacement in bridges with load restrictions, and bridge widening applications without the need to replace girders. Performance and failure modes of the proposed deck were initially assessed through extensive lab experiments and finite element analysis, which together confirmed that the proposed deck panel meets the AASHTO LRFD requirements. The proposed deck system is not susceptible to punching shear of its thin slab and fails in a rather ductile manner. To evaluate its long-term performance, the system was further tested under the dynamic impact of wheel load at the Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) facility of the Florida Department of Transportation using a Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS).

scholarly journals Design and analysis of concrete-filled tubular flange girders under combined loading

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322110015
Author(s):  
Rana Al-Dujele ◽  
Katherine Ann Cashell
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Hollow Section

This paper is concerned with the behaviour of concrete-filled tubular flange girders (CFTFGs) under the combination of bending and tensile axial force. CFTFG is a relatively new structural solution comprising a steel beam in which the compression flange plate is replaced with a concrete-filled hollow section to create an efficient and effective load-carrying solution. These members have very high torsional stiffness and lateral torsional buckling strength in comparison with conventional steel I-girders of similar depth, width and steel weight and are there-fore capable of carrying very heavy loads over long spans. Current design codes do not explicitly include guidance for the design of these members, which are asymmetric in nature under the combined effects of tension and bending. The current paper presents a numerical study into the behaviour of CFTFGs under the combined effects of positive bending and axial tension. The study includes different loading combinations and the associated failure modes are identified and discussed. To facilitate this study, a finite element (FE) model is developed using the ABAQUS software which is capable of capturing both the geometric and material nonlinearities of the behaviour. Based on the results of finite element analysis, the moment–axial force interaction relationship is presented and a simplified equation is proposed for the design of CFTFGs under combined bending and tensile axial force.

Probabilistic finite element analysis in heat transfer to a nuclear fuel rod bumper support

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 (12) ◽  
pp. 1499-1505
Author(s):  
Rama Subba Reddy Gorla
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Fuel Rod ◽  
Design Variables

Heat transfer from a nuclear fuel rod bumper support was computationally simulated by a finite element method and probabilistically evaluated in view of the several uncertainties in the performance parameters. Cumulative distribution functions and sensitivity factors were computed for overall heat transfer rates due to the thermodynamic random variables. These results can be used to identify quickly the most critical design variables in order to optimize the design and to make it cost effective. The analysis leads to the selection of the appropriate measurements to be used in heat transfer and to the identification of both the most critical measurements and the parameters.

The Finite Element Analysis and the Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Spindle Systems of CNC Gantry Machine Tools

2016 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhong Guo ◽  
Yun Shun Zhang ◽  
Shi Hao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Vibration Resistance ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Force Coupling ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Spindle Structure

It is discovered that the vibration resistance of spindle systems needs to be improved based on the statics analysis, modal analysis and heating-force coupling analysis of spindle systems of CNC gantry machine tools. The design variables of optimization are set according to sensitivity analysis, multi-objective and dynamic optimization design is realized and its designing scheme is gained for spindle structure. The research results show that vibration resistance can be improved without change of the quality and static property of spindle systems of CNC gantry machine tools.

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