Effects of inert gas environment on the sliding wear behavior of AZ91/B4C surface composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 135065012110047
Author(s):  
Hemendra Patle ◽  
B. Ratna Sunil ◽  
S. Anand Kumar ◽  
Ravikumar Dumpala
Keyword(s):  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Delamination Wear ◽  
Surface Composites ◽  
Adhesion Wear ◽  
Constant Normal Load ◽  
Worn Surface

Tribological characteristics of AZ91/B4C surface composites were studied under air and argon gas environments. Tests were conducted under a constant normal load of 10 N, with a sliding velocity of 0.06 m/s using a linear reciprocating tribometer. Wear tracks and debris were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional contour topography, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in order to understand the wear mechanisms. The wear rate of the specimen tested under the argon environment was found to be lower (∼60%) in comparison with that of the specimen tested under the open-air environment. The value of the friction coefficient was found to be minimum under the argon environment compared with the air environment. In the air environment, the major material loss from the test specimen was attributed to oxidation wear; whereas under the argon environment, strain-hardening effect was dominant, and the material was found to be removed by delamination wear. In addition, the worn surface morphology of the wear tracks and counter surfaces showed the involvement of abrasion and adhesion wear mechanisms. The results of the study pave the pathway for the design of lightweight surface composite material systems such as AZ91/B4C toward an efficient and robust tribo-pair applicability for a controlled environment.

scholarly journals Effect of Variation of SiC Reinforcement on Wear Behaviour of AZ91 Alloy Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Nilay Krishna Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Anshul Yadav ◽  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Az91 Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Unreinforced Alloy ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Delamination Wear ◽  
Adhesion Wear

In this investigation, the extensive wear behaviour of materials was studied using SiC reinforced magnesium alloy composites fabricated through the stir casting process. The wear properties of AZ91 alloy composites with a small variation (i.e., 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%) of SiC particulates were evaluated by varying the normal load with sliding velocity and sliding distance. The worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope to predict the different wear mechanisms on the pin while sliding on the hard disk in the dry sliding wear test condition. The microhardness of the SiC reinforced AZ91 composites was found to be more than the un-reinforced AZ91 alloy. Pins tested at load 19.62 N, and 2.6 m/s exhibited a series of short cracks nearly perpendicular to the sliding direction. At higher speed and load, the oxidation and delamination were observed to be fully converted into adhesion wear. Abrasion, oxidation, and delamination wear mechanisms were generally dominant in lower sliding velocity and lower load region, while adhesion and thermal softening/melting were dominant in higher sliding velocity and loads. The wear rate and coefficient of friction of the SiC reinforced composites were lower than that of the unreinforced alloy. This is due to the fact of higher hardness exhibited by the composites. The wear behaviour at the velocity of 1.39 m/s was dominated by oxidation and delamination wear, whereas at the velocity of 2.6 m/s the wear behaviour was dominated by abrasion and adhesion wear. It was also found that the plastic deformation and smearing occurred at higher load and sliding velocity.

Wear Mechanisms of Multi-Layer Coated Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-S. Cho ◽  
K. Komvopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Surface Plastic ◽  
Delamination Wear ◽  
Interfacial Cracks ◽  
Plastic Shearing ◽  
Coated Cemented Carbide

Turning experiments were performed with cemented WC-Co cutting tools coated with two-layer and three-layer overcoats of TiC/Al2O3 and TiC/Al2O3/TiN, respectively. For comparison, uncoated WC-Co tools were also tested under similar cutting conditions. The predominant wear mechanisms of the various ceramic overcoats and cemented WC-Co were investigated using surface profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Representative results of the tool wear behavior are presented, and the significance of each ceramic layer on the overall tool wear resistance is interpreted in light of the identified dominant wear mechanisms. Delamination wear characterized by the propagation and linkage of surface, subsurface, and interfacial cracks, abrasion, surface plastic shearing, plucking of carbide grains, and dissolution/diffusion are shown to occur depending on the tool material. These wear processes are not mutually exclusive; they may occur simultaneously at different positions on the same tool surface. Based on nose wear data, correlations between wear lives of coated and uncoated tools and feedrate are established.

High-Speed Dry Tribological Behaviors of CrNiMo Steel in Nitrogen and Oxygen Atmospheres

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 877-885
Author(s):  
San Ming Du ◽  
Yong Zhen Zhang ◽  
Bao Shangguan
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Tribological Behaviors ◽  
Electron Dispersion ◽  
Worn Surface

Abstract: In this article, the high-speed dry sliding tribological behaviors of CrNiMo steel against brass in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres are investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The worn surface is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersion spectrums analysis. The wear mechanisms of CrNiMo steel are also analyzed. The results indicate that the tribological properties of CrNiMo steel are coincidental with the law of dry sliding of metal, where the friction coefficients decreases with an increase in sliding speed and with normal load. However, the atmosphere has obvious effects on the tribological properties of CrNiMo steel. In the sliding process, friction heat plays an important role on the tribological properties of materials in high-speed dry friction. The high-speed wear mechanism of CrNiMo steel varies at different atmospheres. In a nitrogen atmosphere, the wear mechanism of CrNiMo steel is mainly characterized by adhesion at a lower speed and load. When the speed and load are increased, melting trace is found in the worn surface accompanied by an abrasive wear. In an oxygen atmosphere, the mechanism is characterized by adhesion at a lower speed and load; with an increase in speed and load, it gradually transformed into oxidation wear and abrasive wear. The difference of the wear mechanisms in the different atmospheres and test parameters is primarily due to the transfer films formed on the contact surfaces of the sliding pairs. In our experimental conditions, the surface film is mainly the metal film in nitrogen, whereas, it is the oxide film in oxygen.

Effect of Subsurface Deformation on Sliding Wear Behavior of Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 616 ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
Yoon Seok Lee ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
Kengo Narita ◽  
Junko Hieda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Delamination Wear ◽  
Frictional Wear ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
Spinal Fixation Devices

The wear mechanisms of conventional Ti–6Al–4V extra-low interstitial (Ti64) and the new Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr (TNTZ) were studied to investigate the wear properties of Ti64/TNTZ for application in spinal fixation devices. Ti64 and TNTZ balls and discs were first prepared as wear-test specimens. A ball-on-disc frictional wear-testing machine was used in air to perform the frictional wear tests of the Ti64 and TNTZ discs mated against Ti64 and TNTZ balls. The wear mechanisms were investigated using a scanning electron microscopy to analyze the worn surfaces and wear debris. The volume losses for the TNTZ discs were larger than those for the Ti64 ones, regardless of the mating ball material. Furthermore, the morphologies of the wear tracks and the debris of the Ti64 and TNTZ discs were different, suggesting that the wear mechanisms for the Ti64 and TNTZ discs were abrasive and delamination wear caused by mild and severe subsurface deformations of the Ti64 and TNTZ, respectively, regardless of the mating ball material.

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF FRICTIONAL DISSIPATION UNDER BIAXIAL TANGENTIAL LOADING WITH THE METHOD OF DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Dimaki ◽  
Roman Pohrt ◽  
Valentin L. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Method Of Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Elastic Bodies ◽  
Frictional Dissipation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Constant Normal Load ◽  
Numeric Solution

The paper is concerned with the contact between the elastic bodies subjected to a constant normal load and a varying tangential loading in two directions of the contact plane. For uni-axial in-plane loading, the Cattaneo-Mindlin superposition principle can be applied even if the normal load is not constant but varies as well. However, this is generally not the case if the contact is periodically loaded in two perpendicular in-plane directions. The applicability of the Cattaneo-Mindlin superposition principle guarantees the applicability of the method of dimensionality reduction (MDR) which in the case of a uni-axial in-plane loading has the same accuracy as the Cattaneo-Mindlin theory. In the present paper we investigate whether it is possible to generalize the procedure used in the MDR for bi-axial in-plane loading. By comparison of the MDR-results with a complete three-dimensional numeric solution, we arrive at the conclusion that the exact mapping is not possible. However, the inaccuracy of the MDR solution is on the same order of magnitude as the inaccuracy of the Cattaneo-Mindlin theory itself. This means that the MDR can be also used as a good approximation for bi-axial in-plane loading.

Wear behavior of Ag implantation GH4169 alloy by ion beam assisted bombardment

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (12) ◽  
pp. 1561-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Xu ◽  
Jiajun Zhu ◽  
Wulin Yang ◽  
Deyi Li ◽  
Lingping Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Adhesion Wear ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Gh4169 Alloy

The wear behavior of Ag implantation GH4169 alloy by ion beam assisted bombardment was measured under lower applied load and sliding speed. The wear rate of GH4169 alloy decreased from 2.58 × 10−4 mm3·m−1 to 6.25 ×10−5 mm3·m−1 after Ag implantation. The friction coefficient had not mostly been changed. After Ag implantation, Ag and Ag2O were detected on the worn surface of GH4169 alloy, which benefits the formation of continuous lubrication and protected layers. The predominant wear mechanism changed from abrasion and adhesion wear to oxidation and adhesion wear. In addition, the hardness increased. So, the wear resistance of GH4169 alloy under lower applied load and sliding speed can be improved with Ag implantation by ion beam assisted bombardment.

Tribology of Electroless Ni-P Coating Under Lubricated Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Santanu Duari ◽  
Tapan Kr. Barman ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Electroless Ni

Friction and wear behavior of electroless Ni-P coating under lubricated condition is studied on a block – on – roller type tribo – tester by varying applied normal load, sliding speed of the roller and sliding time. Electroless Ni-P coating is deposited on AISI 1040 steel substrates. Surface morphology, phase transformation, composition and analysis of wear mechanism are done using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction techniques and energy dispersive X-ray analysis respectively. Based on Taguchi experimental data, a multiple regression model is fitted to relate the coefficient of friction and wear depth with the tribo – testing parameters. Three dimensional surface and contour plots are generated to analyze the trends in variation of the response variables with the interaction of the process parameters (load, speed and time). Significant improvement in wear depth and COF of electroless Ni-P coating is observed under lubrication. Optimization of wear depth and coefficient of friction is conducted using genetic algorithm.

scholarly journals Effect of autogenous GTAW on the reciprocating sliding wear behavior of a carbon martensitic steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e50488
Author(s):  
Thalita Cristina de Paula ◽  
Cintia Cristiane Petry Mazzaferro ◽  
Daniela Fátima Giarollo ◽  
Gelsa Edith Navarro Hidalgo ◽  
Breno Basso
Keyword(s):  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Reciprocating Sliding ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Carbon Martensitic Steel

Martensitic steels have been successfully employed in resource-based industries where components must endure aggressive conditions. In industrial practice, many parts of these components are joined by welding techniques. The aim of this work was to understand the influence of welding on the wear resistance of quenched and tempered carbon martensitic steel subjected to dry linear reciprocating sliding micro-wear tests. Weld-joints were produced using autogenous Gas Tungsten Arc Welding process (GTAW). Micro-wear tests were performed at base metal (BM), weld metal (WM), coarse grained heat affected zone (CG-HAZ) and lowest hardness region of heat affected zone (LHR-HAZ). LHR-HAZ was softened during welding process so plastic deformation was facilitated, and consequently adhesion, material displacement and micro-ploughing. WM and CG-HAZ presented a similar martensitic structure, which explain the similarities found on wear behavior. These regions presented the lowest worn volume average values (w). It was interesting to note that despite its highest microhardness value, the highest w was observed for BM. For some BM samples, debris had a key role promoting material loss by micro-cutting which causes great extent of material removal compared to other micro-wear mechanisms as micro-ploughing and adhesion. Due to debris action BM also presented a great dispersion in w results. The results suggest that material loss of welded joint and BM was strongly controlled by micro-wear mechanisms.

Friction and Wear Behavior of Pressureless Solid State Sintered SiC

2015 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Han Qin Liang ◽  
Xiu Min Yao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Xue Jian Liu ◽  
Zheng Ren Huang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Friction And Wear Behavior ◽  
Sic Ceramics ◽  
Worn Surface

In the present work, SiC was pressureless solid state sintered with 3 wt% C and 0.6 wt% B4C as sintering additives. The friction and wear behavior of the PSSS SiC ceramics was investigated by using a block-on-ring tribometer. The wear volume and friction coefficient was measured. It is as expected that the friction coefficient increased with the elevation of the normal load and sliding speed. The microstructure of the worn surface was observed, based on which the wear mechanism was analyzed. Different degrees of oxidation during the friction process was found and the degree of oxidation was related to the severity of wear. The normal load was found to exert great influence on the wear of the SSiC ceramics.

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