Puberty in females enhances the risk of an outcome of multiple sclerosis in children and the development of central nervous system autoimmunity in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyoon Jennifer Ahn ◽  
Julia O’Mahony ◽  
Marina Moshkova ◽  
Heather E Hanwell ◽  
Hargurinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
T2 Lesions ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Background: For reasons that remain unclear, three times more women develop multiple sclerosis (MS) than men. This preponderance among women is evident only after 12 years of age, implicating pubertal factors in the risk of MS. Objective: To investigate the influence of female puberty on central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. Methods: We examined the relationship between age of menarche on MS outcomes in 116 female children (< 16 years old) whom presented with incident ‘acquired demyelinating syndromes’ (ADS) and were followed prospectively in the national Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Study, from 2004–2013. Furthermore, we directly investigated the effects of puberty on susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in two groups of female mice that differed only in their pubertal status. Results: In the ADS children, a later age of menarche was associated with a decreased risk of subsequent MS diagnosis. This relationship persisted, after accounting for patient age at ADS presentation and the presence of ≥1 T2 lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.64; and additional factors that associate with MS outcomes in ADS children, including low vitamin D levels. Furthermore, we found female mice that had transitioned through puberty were more susceptible to EAE than age-matched, pre-pubertal mice. Conclusion: Puberty in females enhances CNS autoimmune mechanisms that lead to MS in humans and EAE in mice.

scholarly journals Blood serum amino acids profile in patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

Multiple sclerosis is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, affecting mostly young people. There were many risk factors for MS identified, however a direct cause of the disease is still unknown. Pathological changes in the SM lead to the myelin sheath damage around axons, what prevents proper transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was analyzing and comparing the amino acids profile in the blood serum of MS patients to control group of healthy individuals and evaluating the relationship between them. Significant (p<0.05) differences in the level of glutamate, aspartate and taurine in the blood serum of MS patients were revealed. A positive glutamate and aspartate level correlation in the serum has been demonstrated. Gender is significant only in the case of glutamate level in blood serum. The studies highlight the important role of neurotransmitters in MS and are the initial step in proteomic research.

Movement Disorders

2016 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Anhar Hassan ◽  
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis, a disabling disorder that affects predominantly young adults between 20 and 50 years old. It affects women twice as often as men. Multiple sclerosis has a complex immunopathogenesis, variable prognosis, and an unpredictable course. Polygenic and environmental (possibly viral) factors probably have a substantial effect on susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.

Myricetin alleviates cuprizone-induced behavioral dysfunction and demyelination in mice by Nrf2 pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4332-4342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianying Zhang ◽  
Zhike Li ◽  
Shuangchan Wu ◽  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Ying Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway ◽  
Behavioral Dysfunction ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease occurring in the central nervous system.

scholarly journals COMBINATION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND HEREDITARY OPTICAL LEBER’S NEUROPATHY. CLINICAL CASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Azalia Aisarovna Sokolova ◽  
◽  
Leonid Sergeevich Zemlyanushin ◽  
Elvira Aysarovna Vashkulatova ◽  
Sofia Mikhailovna Zemlyanushina
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hereditary Optic Atrophy

The article discusses a clinical case of demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis in combination with Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy of the optic nerve (Harding syndrome). The debut of the disease at the age of 24 in the form of a simultaneous bilateral decrease in vision, with subsequent atrophy of the optic nerves in both eyes. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was confi rmed according to the 2017 McDonald criteria, the diagnosis of Leber’s disease was confi rmed by genetic testing. An important point in the diff erential diagnosis was the identifi cation of the G3460A mutation in the ND1 gene and intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G.

scholarly journals Syringomyelia in demyelinating disease of the central nervous system: Report of two cases

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 657-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Savic ◽  
Slobodan Vojinovic ◽  
Mirjana Spasic ◽  
Zoran Peric ◽  
Stevo Lukic
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction. Syringomyelia is a cavitary extension inside the spinal cord which can be either symptomatic or congenitally-idiopathic. Syringomyelia during the course of the disease in patients presenting with clinically definite multiple sclerosis was described earlier. Syringomyelia in patients presenting with a clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis is unusual. Case Outline. We present two patients presenting with demy-elinating disease of the central nervous system with syringomyelia in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. We did not find classical clinical signs of syringomyelia in our patients, but we disclosed syringomyelia incidentally during magnetic resonance exploration. Magnetic resonance exploration using the gadolinium contrast revealed the signs of active demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord in one patient but not in the other. Conclusion. Syringomyelia in demyelinating disease of the central nervous system opens the question whether it is a coincidental finding or a part of clinical features of the disease. Differentiation of the significance of syringomyelia finding in these patients plays a role in the choice of treatment concept in such patients.

scholarly journals Gender and Uveitis in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn K. Gordon ◽  
Debra A. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Intraocular Inflammation ◽  
Tnf Inhibitor ◽  
Intermediate Uveitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is more commonly seen in women. It has been associated with both anterior and intermediate uveitis as well as retinal vasculitis. Ocular inflammation may develop concurrent with, prior to, or after the development of neurologic signs and symptoms. Patients with MS have an approximately 1% chance of developing intraocular inflammation. Patients with intermediate uveitis have an 8–12% risk of being diagnosed with MS. This risk is higher in females and in those with bilateral disease. This should be kept in mind when evaluating patients with uveitis, particularly in those patients for whom TNF inhibitor therapy is being considered, as these agents may worsen demyelinating disease.

scholarly journals The discovery of natalizumab, a potent therapeutic for multiple sclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Steinman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the major inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. There is strong evidence that an immune response in the brain is a critical component of the disease. In 1992, in a collaboration between academia and biotechnology, my colleagues and I showed that α4 integrin was the critical molecule involved in the homing of immune cells into the inflamed brain. Was it sheer luck that these results led to the development of a drug for MS?

scholarly journals Possible Correlation between Cholinergic System Alterations and Neuro/Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Valentina Gatta ◽  
Guadalupe Mengod ◽  
Marcella Reale ◽  
Ada Maria Tata
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuro Inflammation ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Cholinergic Markers

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the etiology of MS is still unknown, both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Acetylcholine participates in the modulation of central and peripheral inflammation. The cells of the immune system, as well as microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes express cholinergic markers and receptors of muscarinic and nicotinic type. The role played by acetylcholine in MS has been recently investigated. In the present review, we summarize the evidence indicating the cholinergic dysfunction in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of relapsing–remitting (RR)-MS patients and in the brains of the MS animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The correlation between the increased activity of the cholinergic hydrolyzing enzymes acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, the reduced levels of acetylcholine and the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines production were recently described in immune cells of MS patients. Moreover, the genetic polymorphisms for both hydrolyzing enzymes and the possible correlation with the altered levels of their enzymatic activity have been also reported. Finally, the changes in cholinergic markers expression in the central nervous system of EAE mice in peak and chronic phases suggest the involvement of the acetylcholine also in neuro-inflammatory processes.

Tumor-Like Multiple Sclerosis: Report of Four Cases and Literature Review

2006 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Caroli ◽  
Maurizio Salvati ◽  
Luigi Ferrante
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Cerebral Tumor ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Process

Aims and background Classical multiple sclerosis plaques usually have typical features on gadolinium-enhanced MRI scan. This non-neoplastic demyelinating process of the central nervous system generally does not produce focal space-occupying lesions associated with ring enhancement. However, atypical appearance of demyelinating lesions simulating a brain tumor is a possible well-known phenomenon. Methods We present our experience with 4 cases of multiple sclerosis indistinguishable clinically and neuroradiologically from a cerebral tumor. All patients underwent surgery. Results Histological examinations of all cases were positive for multiple sclerosis plaques. Conclusions The presented cases demonstrate the importance of considering a demyelinating disease in the differential diagnosis of a tumor-like brain lesion.

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