Risk factors for multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica and transverse myelitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Simon ◽  
H Schmidt ◽  
S Loud ◽  
A Ascherio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Little is known about risk factors for neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or transverse myelitis (TM). Objective: The objective of this paper is to evaluate whether established multiple sclerosis (MS) risk factors, including smoking history, a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM), anti-EBNA1 Ab titers and HLA-DR15 are associated with NMO or TM. Methods: We conducted a case-control study among participants in the Accelerated Cure Project for Multiple Sclerosis (ACP) Repository, which includes patients with MS, NMO and TM. Controls include related and unrelated individuals without evidence of demyelinating disease. Analyses included 1237 cases of MS, 98 cases of NMO, 133 cases of TM and 488 healthy controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the association between smoking, HLA-DR15, anti-EBNA1 Ab titers and a history of IM adjusting for gender, study site and ethnicity. Results: Overall, the association between smoking, IM, HLA-DR15 and anti-EBNA1 Ab titers and odds of MS were as expected and no significant interactions were observed. However, there was little evidence of association between these MS risk factors and odds of NMO or TM. Conclusions: Established MS risk factors do not appear to be associated with susceptibility to TM or NMO and, among MS patients, these risk factors appear to act independently.

A case–control study of risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Alonso ◽  
Stuart D Cook ◽  
Amir-Hadi Maghzi ◽  
Afshin A Divani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Past History ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Numerous studies have assessed risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS), although none have been conducted previously in Iran. Objective: The objective of this study was to study lifestyle and environmental risk factors of MS in the Iranian population. Methods: A case–control study, including 394 MS cases and 394 matched controls, was conducted in MS clinics in different Iranian cities. Information on lifestyles, environmental exposures, and past medical history was obtained from medical charts and phone interviews. Results: In multivariable analysis, sunlight exposure was associated with a lower risk of MS: the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of MS associated with a 1-h increment in daily sunlight was 0.62 (0.53–0.73). Smoking was associated with MS risk in women (OR: 6.48, 95% CI: 1.46–28.78), but not in men (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.31–1.68) ( p = 0.002 for interaction). Finally, past history of common surgical procedures, infectious disorders, or exposure to pets and farm animals was not associated with MS risk. Conclusions: Different modifiable lifestyles, including sunlight exposure and smoking, were associated with lower MS risk in Iran. Interventions aimed at promoting smoking cessation and, more importantly, at increasing exposure to sunlight might contribute to the prevention of MS.

scholarly journals A matched case-control study of risk factors associated with multiple sclerosis in Kuwait

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel El-Muzaini ◽  
Saeed Akhtar ◽  
Raed Alroughani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Genetic and environmental factors seem to have etiologic roles in multiple sclerosis (MS). Kuwait is regarded as medium to high risk country for MS. However, there is a paucity of published data on the risk factors for MS in Kuwait. Therefore, this matched case-control study examined the association between various factors including family history, stressful life events, exposure to tobacco smoke, vaccination history, comorbidities and MS risk in Kuwait. Methods Confirmed 110 MS cases and age (± 5 years), gender and nationality matched controls (1:1) were enrolled. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data through face-to-face interviews both from cases and controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results Among both cases and controls, majority were Kuwaiti (82.7%), and female (76.4%). Multivariable model showed that cases compared to controls were significantly more likely to have had a family history of MS (adjusted matched odds ratio (mORadj) = 5.1; 95% CI: 2.1–12.4; p < 0.001) or less likely to have been vaccinated against influenza A and B viruses before MS onset (mORadj = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.8; p = 0.010). None of the other variables considered were significantly related to MS status in this study. Conclusions Family history of MS had significantly direct, whereas, vaccination against influenza A and B viruses had inverse associations with MS status. Future studies may contemplate to verify the observed results.

The Malaysian Acute Vascular Events Risk (MAVERIK) study: a resource to study genetic and other determinants of first-ever myocardial infarction in Malaysia (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Chowdhury ◽  
Mohd Fairulnizal Bin Md Noh ◽  
Sophia Rasheeqa Ismail ◽  
Kim Robin van Daalen ◽  
Puteri Sofia Nadira Megat Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

UNSTRUCTURED Introduction: Although the burden of premature myocardial infarction (MI) is high in Malaysia, direct evidence on the determinants of MI in this multi-ethnic population remains sparse. The Malaysian Acute Vascular Events Risk (MAVERIK) study is a retrospective case-control study established to enable investigation of genomic, lipid-related and other determinants of acute MI in Malaysia. To our knowledge, it represents the largest case-control study of MI and related traits in Malaysia. In this paper, we report the study’s design and initial results. Methods: By June 2019, MAVERIK had enrolled about 2500 patients with first-ever MI and 2500 controls without cardiovascular disease (CVD), frequency-matched by age, sex and ethnicity, from 17 hospitals in Malaysia. For each participant, serum and whole blood have been collected and stored. Clinical, demographic and behavioural information has been obtained using a 200-item questionnaire. Results: Tobacco consumption, history of diabetes, hypertension, markers of visceral adiposity, indicators of lower socioeconomic status, and family history of coronary disease were more prevalent in cases than controls. Crude and adjusted (age, sex) logistic regression models for traditional risk factors indicated that current smoking, previous smoking, history of high blood pressure, history of diabetes mellitus, family history of CHD and obesity (BMI>30) were associated with MI in age- and sex-adjusted models. Conclusion: The MAVERIK study can serve as a useful platform to investigate genetic and other risk factors for MI in an under-studied South-East Asian population. It should help to hasten discovery of disease-causing pathways and to inform regionally appropriate strategies that optimise public health action.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Maher Taan ◽  
Farah Al Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Karim Ercksousi ◽  
Ghassan Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Family History ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Objectives. To assess the probable risk factors associated with Multiple sclerosis among Syrian patients in the city of Damascus. Method. In a case-control study conducted from May to September 2020, 140 MS patients and 140 healthy controls were selected from two main hospitals in Damascus. Data regarding risk factors associated with MS was collected via a structured questionnaire and complementary laboratory tests. The statistical analysis was carried out by the SPSS Statistical Software Version 26. Results. Factors such as smoking, family history of MS, migraine, and vitamin D deficiency were associated with a higher risk of developing MS: Smoking ( OR = 2.275 95% CI (1.348-3.841) P = 0.002 ). Family history of MS ( OR = 3.970 95% CI (1.807-8.719) P ≤ 0.001 ). Migraine ( OR = 3.011 95% CI (1.345-6.741) P = 0.005 ). Vitamin D deficiency ( OR = 4.778 95% CI (2.863-7.972) P ≤ 0.001 ). However, factors such as diabetes, hypertension, a surgical history of appendectomy, tonsillectomy, and being the first-born in a family were statistically irrelevant: Diabetes ( OR = 0.652 95% CI (0.226-1.882) P = 0.426 ). Hypertension ( OR = 1.445 95% CI (0.724-2.885) P = 0.295 ) Appendectomy ( OR = 1.269 95% CI (0.486-3.317) P = 0.626 ) Tonsillectomy ( OR = 1.280 95% CI (0.576-2.843) P = 0.544 ). First-born Child ( OR = 0.933 95% CI (0.558-1.562) P = 0.793 ). Conclusion. Our study suggests that smoking, vitamin D deficiency, family history of MS, and migraine are probable risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Therefore, engaging in outdoor activities and maintaining a healthy diet—for females in particular—is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case–control study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisara Poosari ◽  
Thitima Nutravong ◽  
Prakasit Sa-ngiamwibool ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Supaporn Chatrchaiwiwatana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and that environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, are linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thailand. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population of Thailand. Methods Data from a case–control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was detected in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants, and evaluated using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis. Results Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (p  <  0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. constituted significant risk for EC (p  <  0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with C. rectus and C. concisus that practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj  =  4.7; 95% CI 2.41–9.98; p  =  0.003). Conclusions In Thailand, the major risk factors for EC are smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, GERD, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection. This study found Campylobacter spp. prevalence to be associated with EC and appears to be enhanced by poor oral hygiene, suggesting that a combination of poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter species infection may together act as an important etiological risk factor for EC.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors (COX-Is) in Arthritic Patients: A Comparative Matched Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
N. Quraishi ◽  
U. Bhosale ◽  
R. Yegnanarayan ◽  
D. Devasthale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

This study was conducted to assess and compare the cardiovascular risk and to explore the demography of CV risk of nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-Is) and selective COX-2-Is in arthritic patients. In this comparative matched case control study adult arthritic patients of either sex taking COX-Is for >1 yr; were included. Arthritic age and sex matched individuals with no history of COX-Is treatment were the controls. Patients those with history of any other disease (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, stroke, IHD etc.) were excluded. Patients were grouped into Control, nonselective COX-I and selective COX-2-I groups. The CV risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar level(BSL), lipid profile, BMI(body mass index) etc. were assessed and compared; demography of CV risk factors i.e. age, sex, smoking, alcohol, heredity was also studied. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square and quantitative data was analyzed by student’s‘t’-test. Study clearly revealed that all NSAIDs exhibit significant CV risk when taken over a period of time as in arthritis. However selective COX 2-Is found to exhibit more CV risk in this regard. Odds ratio (OR) for CV risk=10.3(95% CI: 1.45, 3.31) and OR for CV risk=5.2(95%CI: 1.05, 2.57) for nonselective COX-Is. BMI, BSL and lipid profile; the potential CV risk factors, showed significant impairment in selective COX 2-Is group; P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01 (HDL), P<0.001 (cholesterol), respectively compared to controls and P<0.05 compared to nonselective COX-Is. This study portrays the potential CV risk of selective COX 2-Is and confirms and re-evaluate the results of earlier studies in this regard.  Keywords: Anti-arthritic agents; BMI; COX-Is; CV risk; Lipid profile.  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17039 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 328-338 (2014)  

Shared breastfeeding & other early multiple sclerosis risk factors: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 102812
Author(s):  
Nuha M. Alkhawajah ◽  
Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb ◽  
Yafa A. Alshamlan ◽  
Mohammad Osama Almohaini ◽  
Ghadah A. Aleissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Risk ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽  
Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽  
Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

scholarly journals Potential risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Rio de Janeiro: a case-control study

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2a) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia Regina Penha da Silva ◽  
Regina Maria Papais Alvarenga ◽  
Oscar Fernandez y Fernandez ◽  
Hélcio Alvarenga ◽  
Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Study

PURPOSE: To evaluate potential risk factors for the development of multiple sclerosis in Brazilian patients. METHOD: A case control study was carried out in 81 patients enrolled at the Department of Neurology of the Hospital da Lagoa in Rio de Janeiro, and 81 paired controls. A standardized questionnaire on demographic, social and cultural variables, and medical and family history was used. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and conditional logistic regression models with the SPSS for Windows software program. RESULTS: Having standard vaccinations (vaccinations specified by the Brazilian government) (OR=16.2; 95% CI=2.3-115.2), smoking (OR=7.6; 95% CI=2.1-28.2), being single (OR=4.7; 95% CI=1.4-15.6) and eating animal brain (OR=3.4; 95% CI=1.2-9.8) increased the risk of developing MS. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS of this study may contribute towards better awareness of the epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis.

Carbapenem-ResistantKlebsiella pneumoniaein Post-Acute-Care Facilities in Israel

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debby Ben-David ◽  
Samira Masarwa ◽  
Shiri Navon-Venezia ◽  
Hagit Mishali ◽  
Ilan Fridental ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Care Facilities ◽  
Control Study

Objective.To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for carbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP) carriage among patients in post-acute-care facilities (PACFs) in Israel.Design, Setting, and Patients.A cross-sectional prevalence survey was conducted in 12 PACFs. Rectal swab samples were obtained from 1,144 patients in 33 wards. Risk factors for CRKP carriage were assessed among the cohort. Next, a nested, matched case-control study was conducted to define individual risk factors for colonization. Finally, the cohort of patients with a history of CRKP carriage was characterized to determine risk factors for continuous carriage.Results.The prevalence of rectal carriage of CRKP among 1,004 patients without a history of CRKP carriage was 12.0%. Independent risk factors for CRKP carriage were prolonged length of stay (odds ratio [OR], 1.001;P< .001), sharing a room with a known carrier (OR, 3.09;P= .02), and increased prevalence of known carriers on the ward (OR, 1.02;P= .013). A policy of screening for carriage on admission was protective (OR, 0.41;P= .03). Risk factors identified in the nested case-control study were antibiotic exposure during the prior 3 months (OR, 1.66;P= .03) and colonization with other resistant pathogens (OR, 1.64;P= .03). Among 140 patients with a history of CRKP carriage, 47% were colonized. Independent risk factors for continued CRKP carriage were antibiotic exposure during the prior 3 months (OR, 3.05;P= .04), receipt of amoxicillin-clavulanate (OR, 4.18;P= .007), and screening within 90 days of the first culture growing CRKP (OR, 2.9;P= .012).Conclusions.We found a large reservoir of CRKP in PACFs. Infection-control polices and antibiotic exposure were associated with patient colonization.

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