Iatrogenic CNS demyelination in the era of modern biologics

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1079-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Kumar ◽  
Hesham Abboud
Keyword(s):  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Paraneoplastic Encephalitis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Demyelination ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The number of reported cases of iatrogenic demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) is on the rise. This is, in part, related to the recent expansion in the use of biologics. Review of literature from the past decade suggests that in addition to vaccines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors are the most frequently cited inducers of central inflammation. About one-third of demyelinating cases in the setting of TNF-alpha inhibitors evolve into full-blown multiple sclerosis. In addition to demyelination, checkpoint inhibitors may also cause accelerated paraneoplastic encephalitis and other antibody-mediated conditions. Luckily, the overall prognosis of iatrogenic central inflammation is favorable, with most cases having partial or complete response to steroids and discontinuation of the offending agent. Long-term monitoring and initiation of maintenance immune-modulating therapy may be necessary in some patients. In this article, we provide an updated review of biologic-induced inflammation of the CNS.

Colitis presenting 5 months after the final dose of anti-PD-1: long-term monitoring is warranted after adjuvant therapy

Immunotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Domblides ◽  
Marine Gross-goupil ◽  
Alain Ravaud ◽  
Florian Poullenot ◽  
Amaury Daste
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Final Dose ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Term Monitoring

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved as adjuvant therapy. Adverse immune events occurred during the administration of treatment, and delayed immune-related events have low incidence. A 66-year-old man was treated for hypopharynx cancer in 2012. In 2019, he was treated for a new oropharynx cancer. After undergoing surgery and complete response, the patient received nivolumab as adjuvant treatment. 5 months after the last dose of nivolumab, he presented with grade III diarrhea and abdominal pain for 3 weeks. Rectoscopy showed infiltration of mucous by lymphocytes. Corticosteroid was started resulting in a rapid decrease in symptom severity. With the increasing immune checkpoint inhibitors in adjuvant therapy, strict surveillance and education of patient in remission is necessary.

Enabling Community Well-being Self-Monitoring in the Context of Mining: The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klinck ◽  
Ben Bradshaw ◽  
Ruby Sandy ◽  
Silas Nabinacaboo ◽  
Mannie Mameanskum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is an Aboriginal community located in northern Quebec near the Labrador Border. Given the region’s rich iron deposits, the Naskapi Nation has considerable experience with major mineral development, first in the 1950s to the 1980s, and again in the past decade as companies implement plans for further extraction. This has raised concerns regarding a range of environmental and socio-economic impacts that may be caused by renewed development. These concerns have led to an interest among the Naskapi to develop a means to track community well-being over time using indicators of their own design. Exemplifying community-engaged research, this paper describes the beginning development of such a tool in fall 2012—the creation of a baseline of community well-being against which mining-induced change can be identified. Its development owes much to the remarkable and sustained contribution of many key members of the Naskapi Nation. If on-going surveying is completed based on the chosen indicators, the Nation will be better positioned to recognize shifts in its well-being and to communicate these shifts to its partners. In addition, long-term monitoring will allow the Naskapi Nation to contribute to more universal understanding of the impacts of mining for Indigenous peoples.

scholarly journals FORECAST OF THE REFORMATION OF THE KRASNOYARSK RESERVOIR COASTAL ZONE IN THE KURTAK VILLAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
G.Yu. Yamskikh ◽  
A.V. Kozhukhovsky ◽  
K.V. Marusin ◽  
E.A. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Verification Of Models ◽  
The Village ◽  
Term Monitoring

The article presents the analysis and prediction of coastal processes at the site of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir in the village of Kurtak where there are the most intensive processes of coastal reshaping. Over the past 50 years, the coast has receded here by an average of 350 m and continues to actively collapse at a speed of 3-5 m per year. Despite the fact that the intensity of coastal processes in this area has significantly decreased (mainly due to the general decrease in the level of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir), the rate of retreat of the shore is still high. However, it can be concluded that for the researched area the coastal reshaping does not pose a real threat to economic activity in the next 30 years. The article tested various methods of forecasting coastal processes, selected the most appropriate for the shores of a similar type. Verification of models was carried out on the basis of data of long-term monitoring of the site under consideration, which gave the chance to compare results of forecasts on different techniques to real retreat of the coast on this site.

scholarly journals Pathological findings in central nervous system demyelination associated with infliximab

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1124-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Kalinowska-Lyszczarz ◽  
Mahboobeh Fereidan-Esfahani ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Claudia F Lucchinetti ◽  
W Oliver Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Infliximab Treatment ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Central Nervous System Demyelination ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Cns Demyelination ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors, such as infliximab, are commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other immune-mediated disorders. Objective: To determine whether infliximab-associated central nervous system (CNS) demyelination can be differentiated from multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We present a case of pathologically proven CNS demyelination in a patient treated with infliximab and describe clinical–radiographic–neuropathological findings. Putative mechanisms of TNF-alpha inhibitor-associated CNS demyelination are described. Results and conclusion: Infliximab treatment is associated with CNS inflammatory demyelinating activity, which is histopathologically indistinguishable from MS.

scholarly journals The diverse pulsational behaviour of β Cep stars: results from long-term monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S301) ◽  
pp. 417-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Handler
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Consistent Picture ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Term Monitoring

AbstractWe studied seven β Cep stars photometrically over the past ten years. Some showed amplitude variations, some frequency changes, and others exhibited stable pulsations, with no consistent picture yet emerging. Additionally, 12 Lac appears to have a 6.7-yr binary companion.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE EUROPEAN ROLLER (CORACIAS GARRULUS) IN UKRAINE: IS CLIMATE BEHIND THE CHANGES?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Shupova ◽  
Volodymyr Tytar
Keyword(s):  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Coracias Garrulus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
European Roller ◽  
Term Monitoring

Since the 1980s there has been a long-term decline in numbers and contraction of range in Europe, including Ukraine. Our specific goals were to reconstruct the climatically suitable range of the species in Ukraine before the 1980s, gain better knowledge on its requirements, compare the past and current suitable areas, infer the regional and environmental variables that best explain its occurrence, and quantify the overall range change in the country. For these purposes we created a database consisting of 347 records of the roller made ever in Ukraine. We employed a species distribution modeling (SDM) approach to hindcast changes in the suitable range of the roller during historical times across Ukraine and to derive spatially explicit predictions of climatic suitability for the species under current climate. SDMs were created for three time intervals (before 1980, 1985-2009, 2010-2021) using corresponding climate data extracted from the TerraClim database. SDMs show a decline of suitable for rollers areas in the country from 85 to 46%. Several factors, including land cover and use, human population density and climate, that could have contributed to the decline of the species in Ukraine were considered. We suggest climate change and its speed (velocity) have been responsible for shaping the contemporary home range of the European roller.

scholarly journals Masers in evolved star winds

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S287) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Anita M. S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Interferometric Imaging ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evolved Stars ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
Term Monitoring

AbstractThis review summarises current observations of masers around evolved stars and models for their location and behaviour, followed by some of the many highlights from the past 5 years. Some of these have been the fruition of long-term monitoring, a vital aspect of study of stars which are both periodically variable and prone to rapid outbursts or transition to a new evolutionary stage. Interferometric imaging of masers provide the highest-resolution probes of the stellar wind, but their exponential amplification and variability means that multiple observations are needed to investigate questions such as what drives the wind from the stellar surface; why does it accelerate slowly over many tens of stellar radii; what causes maser variability. VLBI parallaxes have improved our understanding of individual objects and of Galactic populations. Masers from wide range of binary and post-AGB objects are accessible to sensitive modern instruments, including energetic symbiotic systems. Masers have been detected up to THz frequencies withHerscheland ALMA's ability to resolve a wide range of maser and thermal lines will provide accurate constraints on physical conditions including during dust formation.

scholarly journals Long‐term monitoring reveals decreasing water beetle diversity, loss of specialists and community shifts over the past 28 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Roth ◽  
Sebastian Zoder ◽  
Assad Ali Zaman ◽  
Simon Thorn ◽  
Jürgen Schmidl
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Diversity Loss ◽  
Water Beetle ◽  
Community Shifts ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

scholarly journals Reconstructing Long-Term Changes in Avian Populations Using Lake Sediments: Opening a Window Onto the Past

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Duda ◽  
Kathryn E. Hargan ◽  
Neal Michelutti ◽  
Jules M. Blais ◽  
Christopher Grooms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Avian Populations ◽  
Term Monitoring

The lack of long-term monitoring data for many wildlife populations is a limiting factor in establishing meaningful and achievable conservation goals. Even for well-monitored species, time series are often very short relative to the timescales required to understand a population’s baseline conditions before the contemporary period of increased human impacts. To fill in this critical information gap, techniques have been developed to use sedimentary archives to provide insights into long-term population dynamics over timescales of decades to millennia. Lake and pond sediments receiving animal inputs (e.g., feces, feathers) typically preserve a record of ecological and environmental information that reflects past changes in population size and dynamics. With a focus on bird-related studies, we review the development and use of several paleolimnological proxies to reconstruct past colony sizes, including trace metals, isotopes, lipid biomolecules, diatoms, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs, invertebrate sub-fossils, pigments, and others. We summarize how animal-influenced sediments, cored from around the world, have been successfully used in addressing some of the most challenging questions in conservation biology, namely: How dynamic are populations on long-term timescales? How may populations respond to climate change? How have populations responded to human intrusion? Finally, we conclude with an assessment of the current state of the field, challenges to overcome, and future potential for research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document