scholarly journals Reflexive discourse analysis: A methodology for the practice of reflexivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 135406612096978
Author(s):  
Audrey Alejandro
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Critical Methodology ◽  
The World ◽  
Theoretical Premise ◽  
Do So

How to implement reflexivity in practice? Can the knowledge we produce be emancipatory when our discourses recursively originate in the world we aim to challenge? Critical International Relations (IR) scholars have successfully put reflexivity on the agenda based on the theoretical premise that discourse and knowledge play a socio-political role. However, academics often find themselves at a loss when it comes to implementing reflexivity due to the lack of adapted methodological and pedagogical material. This article shifts reflexivity from meta-reflections on the situatedness of research into a distinctive practice of research and writing that can be learned and taught alongside other research practices. To do so, I develop a methodology based on discourse: reflexive discourse analysis (RDA). Based on the discourse analysis of our own discourse and self-resocialisation, RDA aims to reflexively assess and transform our socio-discursive engagement with the world, so as to render it consistent with our intentional socio-political objectives. RDA builds upon a theoretical framework integrating discourse theory to Bourdieu’s conceptual apparatus for reflexivity and practices illustrated in the works of Comte and La Boétie. To illustrate this methodology, I used this very article as a recursive performance. I show how RDA enabled me to identify implicit discriminative mechanisms within my discourse and transform them into an alternative based on love, to produce an article more in line with my socio-political objectives. Overall, this article turns reflexivity into a critical methodology for social change and demonstrates how to integrate criticality methodologically into research and writing.

Islamic International Relations Towards a Theoretical Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gubara Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The World

The Western originators of the multi-disciplinary social sciences and their successors, including most major Western social intellectuals, excluded religion as an explanation for the world and its affairs. They held that religion had no role to play in modern society or in rational elucidations for the way world politics or/and relations work. Expectedly, they also focused most of their studies on the West, where religion’s effect was least apparent and argued that its influence in the non-West was a primitive residue that would vanish with its modernization, the Muslim world in particular. Paradoxically, modernity has caused a resurgence or a revival of religion, including Islam. As an alternative approach to this Western-centric stance and while focusing on Islam, the paper argues that religion is not a thing of the past and that Islam has its visions of international relations between Muslim and non-Muslim states or abodes: peace, war, truce or treaty, and preaching (da’wah).

Terrorism rhetoric under the Bush Administration

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bartolucci
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
Presidential Discourse

In this paper I examine some of the properties of the speeches by former U.S. President George W. Bush framing the issue of terrorism as the most pressing menace humanity is facing and some of the consequences of the selective appropriation of the discourse on terrorism initially instantiated by Bush. The theoretical framework for the analysis is a multidisciplinary Critical Discourse Analysis approach relating discursive and socio-political aspects of U.S. presidential discourses on terrorism in the Bush era. Parallel to an analysis of common characteristics of political discourse, such as ‘us’ versus ‘other’ representations, the device of over/less characterisation, hyperboles and repetitions, attention is also directed towards the socio-political effects deriving from the ways in which ‘terrorism’ and ‘terrorists’ have been represented by the presidential discourse on terrorism that condition the contemporary life of individuals and groups all around the world.

A New Brezhnev Doctrine: The Restructuring of International Relations

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Judson Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Acceptance ◽  
Political Structures

Contemporary Soviet doctrine on international relations emphasizes changes in the relationships of both domestic and world political structures; all the processes of restructuring are said to be “organically” interconnected. An extensive reconceptualization of domestic processes of social change has provided ideological legitimation for elites in the highly bureaucratized Soviet system. Meanwhile, according to Soviet spokesmen, the world correlation of forces has shifted decisively in favor of the U.S.S.R. Because of this change in the world balance, the Soviets claim the power to set the rules in international relations. The new Brezhnev Doctrine projects the U.S.S.R. as the center of the world, largely determining the direction and pace of political change. The Soviet leaders view detente in terms of rational acceptance by the “imperialist camp” of unavoidable processes of restructuring favorable to the “socialist camp.”

An Unending Quest for Russia's Place in the World: The Discursive Co-evolution of the Study and Practice of International Relations in Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Y. Omelicheva ◽  
Lidiya Zubytska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Russian Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
National School ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
Theoretical Developments

The idea of ‘Global IR’ generated a growing interest in ‘national schools’ of IR and their contribution to understanding the diversity of international relations. As a part of this discussion, the current study is set to explore what has been presented as Russian IR theory and its utility for understanding Russian foreign policy and international relations. Our contention is that there is still not a Russian ‘national school’ of IR with a distinct set of concepts and theories, research methods, and standards for assessing its legitimate contributions to global knowledge. Strongly influenced by the theoretical developments in the West, Russian IR has produced a number of conceptual innovations for the study of IR, but its highly ideological and relativist character limits its global appeal. The dominant Russian IR perspectives resonate with the world imagery and foreign policy agenda of the Kremlin administration not because they offer a novel and productive way of studying Russian foreign policy, but because Russian theoretical perspectives have been shaped, by and large, by political rather than academic considerations. To map out the complex theoretical landscape of Russian IR and how it relates to perspectives of Russian foreign policy-makers, this study employs discourse theory to analyse the co-evolution of the study and practice of Russian IR.

scholarly journals Globalisation and the Movement of People: What It Means for Party Politics? An Introduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina R Rashkova ◽  
Sam Van Der Staak
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Domestic Level ◽  
Do So

Abstract Living in a globalised world, with its inherent easier movement of people between nations, imposes new challenges for representative democracy and for party politics specifically. Political parties have traditionally operated at a domestic level, yet, with the large number of people moving around the globe, this is now changing. This special section, deriving from a workshop on the topic, is one of the first attempts to systematically address this issue. It offers a theoretical framework and five empirical studies on the party abroad. The collection provides evidence of varied levels of existence of the party abroad in different contexts. It illustrates that the party abroad as a new modus operandi for parties that exist in all corners of the world; yet, it is most distinctly developed where the electoral stimuli and the type and size of the diaspora group give strategic incentive to political parties to do so.

Human rights: the globalisation and fragmentation of moral discourse

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Langlois
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Change ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Moral Standard ◽  
Moral Objectivity ◽  
The World

The language of human rights, along with much else in international relations, presently exhibits the features of globalisation and fragmentation. Globalisation in that human rights is used throughout the world at many levels to discuss moral approval and condemnation. Fragmentation in that human rights means different things to different people, and may well be used in contradictory ways by agents of social change. Yet most advocates of human rights wish to retain the adjective ‘universal’ along with a sense of the moral objectivity of human rights. This article suggests that a better way to ensure human rights universalism is to think of the concept as a tool, not an objectively existing moral standard or entity.

scholarly journals Internasionalisasi dan Internalisasi Wacana War on Terror

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ambrosius Yustinus Kedang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Community ◽  
International Norm ◽  
The World ◽  
President Bush

AbstrakPeristiwa 9/11 menimbulkan reaksi tegas dari Amerika Serikat (AS). AS melalui Presiden Bush dalam pidatonya pada tanggal 20 September 2001 menyatakan perang melawan terorisme “War On Teror”. Pernyataan ini dengan cepat menginternasional dan menginternalisasi negara-negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. War On Teror mengkonstruksi dunia, memberikan identitas, norma, tingkah laku dan kepentingan yang baru bagi aktor-aktor dalam hubungan internasional dan bagi komunitas internasional. Wacana War on Terror kemudian mendorong masing-masing negara untuk membentuk berbagai aturan (norma)  dan lembaga untuk mendukung War on Terror. Aturan-aturan ini mengatur pola tingkah laku dalam negara tersebut dan mengatur dan membentuk pola tingkah laku negara tersebut dalam menjalin hubungan dengan negara lain dalam komunitas internasional.  Dengan teori konstrukstivis, khususnya melalui analisis wacana, penulis menunjukkan proses bagaimana wacana War on Terror menjadi suatu norma internasional dan diinternalisasi oleh berbagai negara di luar Amerika sebagai norma domestiknya. Secara khusus penulis mengangkat Indonesia sebagai contoh proses internalisasi wacana War on Terror.Kata Kunci: Internalisasi, Internasionalisasi, Konstruktivis, Wacana War on Terror. AbstractThe events of 9/11 cause reactions firmly from America. America through President; Bush in his speech on September 20, 2001 declared war against terrorism "War On Terror". This statement has been  quickly internationalized and internalized the countries in the world including Indonesia. War On Terror the construction world, give identity, norms, behaviors and interests of new actors in international relations and for the international community. Discourse about War on Terror forces every country to make some rules and institutions to support War on Terror. These rules regulate the pattern of attitude of the country and also regulate and shape the pattern of attitude of the country in making relations with other countries in international communities. With Constructivism, In particular with discourse analysis the author shows the process of how the discourse of War on Terror becomes an international norm and internalized by many countries outside the United States as its domestic norms. In particular the author raised the Indonesia as an example of the process of internalization of the discourse of War on Terror.Keywords: Constructivism, Discourse War on Terror, Internalization, Internationalization.

Conclusion

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Joas ◽  
Wolfgang Knöbl
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Failed States ◽  
American Power ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
New Wars ◽  
The World

This concluding chapter considers a convincing conception of enduring peace and the need to move beyond monothematic diagnoses of the contemporary world and of social change. It argues that none of the debates on peace-engendering structures and processes that have taken place since the 1980s in social theory have produced convincing results. The thesis of the “democratic peace” has proved essentially unviable, at least with respect to the so-called Kantians' initial claim of global validity for their statements. The discussion of “failed states” and “new wars” has focused largely on processes of state decline or marketization but has done little to place these processes within a broader theoretical framework. Finally, the arguments put forward by theorists of an American imperium, which entail antithetical positions, have failed to show that this attempt to spread American power throughout the world will in fact succeed and bring about peace.

scholarly journals A Study of Ideational Metafunction in Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness”: A Critical Discourse Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Mahya Alaei ◽  
Saeideh Ahangari
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Textual Description ◽  
Heart Of Darkness ◽  
The World ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Do So

<p>The linguistic study of literature or critical analysis of literary discourse is no different from any other textual description; it is not a new branch or a new level or a new kind of linguistics but the application of existing theories and methods (Halliday, 2002). This study intends to determine how ideology or opinion is expressed in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and what kind of lexico-grammatical strategies are used in the first part of this novella to convey the author’s ideological meaning. By focusing on the lexico-grammatical choices in the transitivity system of the structure of the clauses, the researcher tries to shed light on the ideational meaning in the first section of the story. That is, the grammar of the clause as representation (transitivity patterns) which represents the encoding of experiential meanings: meaning about the world, about experience, about how we perceive and experience what is going on. By examining the transitivity patterns in text, we can explain how the field of situation is being constructed, i.e. we can describe what is being talked about and how shifts are achieved in the field. Both Halliday and Hassan have integrated theoretical statements with demonstrations of text analyses (Hassan, Matthiessen, &amp; Webster, 2005). In that spirit, the researcher here offers a textual demonstration of reading of a literary text. In order to do so, the researcher has identified metafunctional patterns of ideation found in the lexico-grammar of Joseph Conrad’s <em>Heart of Darkness </em>and has noted the author’s use of foregrounding against these patterns to contrast the racist and imperialistic ideologies being opposed to through the frame narration of the whole first part by Marlow as the chief character said to be Conrad’s own voice in the process of sailing and cruising on the Thames in a yawl by the name of Nellie.</p>

scholarly journals Narrativer i Islamisk Stats propagandamagasin, Rumiyah – en digital tilgang til diskursanalyse

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-157
Author(s):  
Emma Elisabeth Kiis
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Digital Text ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
Chantal Mouffe ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Mining Methods

AbstractThis article uses messages communicated through the Islamic State’s propaganda magazine, Rumiyah, to explore the applicability of text mining methods in discourse analysis. The repertoire of narratives used in Rumiyah is examined through the theoretical framework of Narrative Criminology in combination with Discourse Theory, as presented by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. Techniques and methods from the field of digital text mining are also applied. The current article therefore has two sections: a quantitatively-deduced discourse analysis and a qualitatively-deduced discourse analysis.

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