“Don’t praise the day before the sunset”: Paremiology in the study of depressiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110257
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wołońciej ◽  
Michał Wilczewski ◽  
Shulamith Kreitler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels

Psychology and psychiatry are in a constant search for an adequate model of affective disorders. Psychology has classified depression as a mood disorder, but a growing literature links mental disorders with socioculturally relevant ways in which people experience and express distress. With this study, we link depression with proverbs as omnipresent narrative structures and mini-theories that help people interpret reality and categorize personal experience. Proverbs are omnipresent narrative structures that describe, explain, and prescribe human behavior. Hence, we offer a paremiological approach to better understand the minds of the depressed. Our tenet is that proverbs may also reflect people’s mental states and attitudes by conveying different levels of optimism versus pessimism. We evidence empirically that proverbs convey optimistic and pessimistic attitudes and, thus, have the capacity to capture peoples’ mental states. Moreover, we show that this capacity is limited for people with high depressiveness. Finally, we discuss how proverbial thinking links collective experience and wisdom imprinted in proverbs with an individual’s mental states, which has important research and practical implications.

Insertion of vowels in English syllabic consonantal clusters pronounced by L1 Polish speakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
Urszula Chwesiuk
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Vowel Reduction ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
English System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The aim of this study was an attempt to verify whether Polish speakers of English insert a vowel in the word-final clusters containing a consonant and a syllabic /l/ or /n/ due to the L1–L2 transfer. L1 Polish speakers are mostly unaware of the existence of syllabic consonants; hence, they use the Polish phonotactics and articulate a vocalic sound before a final sonorant which is deprived of its syllabicity. This phenomenon was examined among L1 Polish speakers, 1-year students of English studies, and the recording sessions were repeated a year later. Since, over that time, they were instructed with regard to phonetics and phonology but also the overall practical language learning, the results demonstrated the occurrence of the phenomenon of vowel insertion on different levels of advanced command of English. If the vowels were inserted, their quality and length were monitored and analysed. With regard to the English system, pronouncing vowel /ə/ before a syllabic consonant is possible, yet not usual. That is why another aim of this study is to examine to what extent the vowels articulated by the subjects differ from the standard pronunciation of non-final /ə/. The quality differences between the vowels articulated in the words ending with /l/ and /n/ were examined as well as the potential influence from the difference between /l/ and /n/ on the occurrence of vowel reduction. Even though Polish phonotactics permit numerous consonantal combinations in all word positions, it proved to be challenging for L1 Polish speakers to pronounce word-final consonantal clusters containing both syllabic sonorants. This result carries practical implications for the teaching methodology of English phonetics.

An exploratory study into organizational repatriates’ emotional support network

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lore Van Gorp ◽  
Smaranda Boroş ◽  
Piet Bracke ◽  
Peter A.J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Support Providers ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informative Characteristic ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how repatriates’ emotional support network affects their experience of re-entry. Design/methodology/approach This inductive, qualitative study is based on 27 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Belgian organizational repatriates. Findings The analyses suggest that expatriation empathy is a key attribute of organizational repatriates’ main emotional support providers. In addition, the results show that although partners are a main source of emotional support on re-entry, they are also important potential causes of distress. Lastly, the results suggest that the cultural diversity of a repatriate’s emotional support network is linked with characteristics of the assignment and that it affects the experience of repatriation. Research limitations/implications The results provide empirical evidence that the expatriation empathy of repatriates’ support providers is a more informative characteristic to consider compared with whether they have personal experience of expatriation. In addition, the results suggest that research should also take into account the negative side of social support, and, for example, consider the influence of crossover distress of partners who experience relocation difficulties themselves. Practical implications This study points to the possible benefits of organizing social activities or training for repatriates and their partner and any children, as well as the advantages of encouraging expatriates to invite home-country friends to visit. Originality/value Although most scholars agree on the importance of support for expatriates’ well-being, the sources of relevant emotional support have received little research attention so far, as has how this influences the repatriation experience.

scholarly journals Is there a role of gut microbiota in mental health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus W. Lange ◽  
Katharina M. Lange ◽  
Yukiko Nakamura ◽  
Shigehiko Kanaya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Intervention Trials

Research on the interaction between gut microbiota and the brain may have implications for our understanding of brain function, cognition, behavior and mental health. The literature on gut microbiota and its role in the pathophysiology and potential treatment of mental disorders has proliferated in recent years. Several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, have been linked to the gut microbiota. The present perspective discusses the promise and pitfalls of gut microbiota research in relation to mental health. The manipulation of intestinal microbes in animals has revealed connections between gut microbiota and both normal and pathological brain functions. The hope fueling this research is that gut microbiota could be harnessed to prevent and treat mental disorders. The links observed between an imbalance of gut microbiota and impaired behavioral and mental states in humans are correlational. It is therefore essential to establish cause and effect relationships. No distinct gut microbiota patterns linked to different mental disorders have yet been identified. Large-scale, longitudinal trials need to examine whether the gut microbiota is a valid therapeutic target for mental disorders and whether pre-clinical findings and initial results of intervention trials (e.g., administration of probiotics) are of clinical relevance.

scholarly journals The correlation of sociopsychological characteristics and self-stigmatization of patients with mental disorders (Result of original study)

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
N. B. Lutova ◽  
O. V. Makarevich ◽  
K. E. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Original Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self System

The investigation studies the relationship between narcissistic self-regulation with the features and expression of self-stigmatization in patients with endogenous mental disorders. The study involved 131 people, including patients with schizophrenia — 66.8% and individuals with affective disorders — 33.2%. The survey was conducted by using the following methods: «Index of Self-system functioning» and questionnaire of self-stigmatization by Mikhailova-Yastrebov. Data on correlation of strength personality reducing with selfstigmatization, the specifics of Self-regulation structure in various inner stigma forms, and the absence of IFSS significant differences in patient’s groups with different nosological forms of mental disorders, disease’s duration and number of hospitalizations — were obtained. The specific personal characteristics underlying premorbid changes in the Self-regulation system that determine the vulnerability of patients to the formation of stigma are discussed.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE BORROWING: THEORY AND REALITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Hung Viet ◽  
Ly Toan Thang
Keyword(s):  
Language System ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The paper discusses the concept of language borrowing from different viewpoints and considers approaches to that linguistic phenomenon, from traditional to modern ones concerning borrowings at different levels in a language system, including phonetic, lexical and syntactic levels. These offer practical implications to research on the issue of borrowing in the Vietnamese language at present.

scholarly journals From accurate diagnosis to targeted therapy: depression in general medical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
N. N. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: to analyze the diagnostic significance of clinical and phenomenological characteristics of affective disorders in patients with chronic somatic pathology.Patients and methods. The analysis included the results of a clinical evaluation of 131 patients with chronic somatic pathology, including 96 patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases and 35 patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Clinical assessment included Primary care evaluation of mental disorders (PRIME-MD) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.Results and discussion. Despite the significant frequency and transparent clinical symptoms, general practitioners diagnosed mental disorders in only 30% of patients with depression. We observed a higher prevalence of somatic rather than psychological complaints during the clinical survey. According to the screening using PRIME-MD, 74% of patients were diagnosed with mood disorders, anxiety, and somatoform disorders. We also noted their significant comorbidity with a predominance of a depression and anxiety combination (p < 0.001). Hypertensive patients had the highest depression prevalence (87%) and severity. Moderate depression was the most frequent diagnosis in the study participants, corresponding to major depressive disorder (61.5%).Conclusion. In general, the symptoms of anhedonia, depression, and anxiety were most pronounced in patients with affective disorders. The high prevalence of somatic symptoms complicates depression evaluation. It is possible to highlight depression and anhedonia as significant symptoms for the detection of depression in patients with somatic disorders.

Unmasking conflict in vertical coopetition

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni Rajala ◽  
Annika Tidström
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
A Company ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
And Task

Purpose The purpose of this study is to increase understanding about vertical coopetition from the perspective of interrelated conflict episodes on multiple levels. Design/methodology/approach The empirical part is based on a qualitative single case study of a coopetitive buyer-supplier relationship in the manufacturing sector. Findings Conflicts in vertical coopetition evolve from being merely functional and task-related to becoming dysfunctional and relationship-related, as the level of competition increases. The nature of conflict episodes influences the development of vertical coopetition, and therefore, the interrelatedness of conflict episodes is important to acknowledge. Practical implications Although a conflict is considered functional within a company, it may still be dysfunctional as far as the coopetitive relationship with the buyer or seller is concerned. Competition may trigger conflicts related to protecting own technology and knowledge, which may lead to termination of the cooperation, therefore coopetition should be managed in a way that balance sharing and protecting important knowledge to get advantages of coopetition. Originality/value The findings enhance prior research on vertical coopetition by offering new perspectives on causes of conflicts, their management, outcomes and types. The value of taking a multilevel approach lies in the ability to show how conflicts occur and influence other conflicts through the interrelatedness of conflict elements on different levels.

ICD-10/DSM-IV index

2013 ◽  
pp. 1023-1042
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Behavioural Syndromes ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

F00-F09 Organic, including symptomatic mental disorders F10–F19 Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance abuse F20–F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal, and delusional disorders F30–F39 Mood (affective) disorders F40–F49 Neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders F50–F59 Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbance and physical factors F60–F69 Disorders of adult personality and behaviour...

scholarly journals Teaching with OER during pandemics and beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Van Allen ◽  
Stacy Katz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Student Access ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Open Educational Resources (OER) are learning materials openly licensed so that others may retain, reuse, revise, remix or redistribute (the 5Rs) these materials. This paper aims to raise awareness of OER by providing a rationale for using these learning materials and a strategy for educators to get started with OER during the collective crisis and beyond. Design/methodology/approach Using a broad research base and anecdotes from personal experience, the authors make the case that OER improves student access to learning materials and improves the learning experience in both PK-12 and higher education contexts. Findings The authors define and describe the benefits of OER to provide practical suggestions educators can implement during the pandemic and beyond. Practical implications To support educators in finding and using OER, this paper highlights repositories that include a breadth of various learning materials across subject areas and educational contexts. The authors provide specific suggestions for finding, personalizing and contextualizing OER. Originality/value This work not only provides an overview of OER with particular considerations for educators during the COVID-19 pandemic but also makes the case that OER should be integrated into classrooms beyond the pandemic.

scholarly journals Empleabilidad y expectativa de logro en la inserción laboral de los estudiantes universitarios//Employability and achievement expectation on job placement of the university students

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Tomás Izquierdo Rus ◽  
Alberto Jesús Farías Gragmena
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Employment Situation ◽  
The University ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

RESUMENLos profundos cambios en el mercado laboral han generado en los últimos años un debate en torno a la empleabilidad de los estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar la percepción de la empleabilidad en función del sexo, titulación y situación laboral y analizar su relación con la percepción del logro. Han participado 297 estudiantes matriculados en diferentes grados de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Murcia.  Los instrumentos aplicados buscan explorar la auto-percepción subjetiva de performance de empleabilidad, midiendo habilidades y competencias expresadas por los participantes y la percepción (creencias) de condiciones personales y profesionales requeridas por los empleadores ante un proceso potencial de contratación laboral. Los estudiantes universitarios no sólo perciben como necesarias determinadas características personales sino que también consideran los requerimientos del contexto sociolaboral en el que se inscriben. Asimismo, se ha comprobado la existencia de una relación estadísticamente significativa entre percepción de empleabilidad y percepción del logro. Los resultados tienen unas implicaciones prácticas de gran importancia con objeto de mejorar la empleabilidad de los estudiantes universitarios. Entre los contenidos prioritarios a abordar se contempla la incorporación de acciones de orientación profesional en los planes de estudios universitarios. ABSTRACT In the last few years, a discussion about university students´ employability has been generated by deep changes in the job market. The objective of this investigation has been to analyze employability with reference to sex, degree and employment situation, and to analyze its relation to the achievement perception. 297 students have participated in different levels of the Education Department of the University of Murcia. The tools that have been applied seek to explore the subjective self-perception on the employability performance, measuring skills and abilities expressed by the participants, and the perception (belief) of personal and professional conditions required by employers with reference to a potential job hiring. University students not only perceive that certain personal characteristics are necessary, but they also consider the requirements of their social and labor context. Also tested the existence of a statistically significant relation among employability perception and achievement expectations.The results have highly important practical implications aiming to improve the university students´ employability. Priority should focus to address the incorporation of vocational guidance in university plans of studies.

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