Do or Decline?

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad A. Meisner ◽  
Shilpa Dogra ◽  
A. Jane Logan ◽  
Joseph Baker ◽  
Patricia L. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Successful Aging ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Biopsychosocial Health

Research has shown that physical activity (PA) is associated with overall successful aging (SA), but it is unknown whether PA promotes each SA component in similar ways. This cross-sectional population-based cohort study investigates SA in adults aged 60 years+ using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey ( N = 12,042). Multivariate comparisons showed that, compared to those who were PA, physical inactivity was a much stronger associate of functional limitations than either chronic disease or being socially unengaged with life. This effect was not found for moderately active participants. Findings reinforce that PA, even at moderate levels, is an efficient way of optimizing biopsychosocial health, particularly functional health, in later life.

scholarly journals The prevalence of chronic pain and pain-related interference in the Canadian population from 1994 to 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Reitsma ◽  
JE Tranmer ◽  
DM Buchanan ◽  
EG Vandenkerkhof
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
Using Data

Introduction Estimates of the prevalence of chronic pain worldwide and in Canada are inconsistent. Our primary objectives were to determine the prevalence of chronic pain by sex and age and to determine the prevalence of pain-related interference for Canadian men and women between 1994 and 2008. Methods Using data from seven cross-sectional cycles in the National Population Health Survey and the Canadian Community Health Survey, we defined two categorical outcomes, chronic pain and pain-related interference with activities. Results Prevalence of chronic pain ranged from 15.1% in 1996/97 to 18.9% in 1994/95. Chronic pain was most prevalent among women (range: 16.5% to 21.5%), and in the oldest (65 years plus) age group (range: 23.9% to 31.3%). Women aged 65 years plus consistently reported the highest prevalence of chronic pain (range: 26.0% to 34.2%). The majority of adult Canadians who reported chronic pain also reported at least a few activities prevented due to this pain (range: 11.4% to 13.3% of the overall population). Conclusion Similar to international estimates, this Canadian population-based study confirms that chronic pain persists and impacts daily activities. Further study with more detailed definitions of pain and pain-related interference is warranted.

Physical Activity and Successful Aging in Canadian Older Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Baker ◽  
Brad A. Meisner ◽  
A. Jane Logan ◽  
Ann-Marie Kungl ◽  
Patricia Weir
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Demographic Covariates ◽  
The Relationship

Rowe and Kahn (1987) proposed that successful aging is the balance of three components: absence of disease and disease-related disability, high functional capacity, and active engagement with life. This study examines the relationship between physical activity involvement and successful aging in Canadian older adults using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, cycle 2.1 (N= 12,042). Eleven percent of Canadian older adults were aging successfully, 77.6% were moderately successful, and 11.4% were unsuccessful according to Rowe and Kahn’s criteria. Results indicate that physically active respondents were more than twice as likely to be rated as aging successfully, even after removing variance associated with demographic covariates. These findings provide valuable information for researchers and practitioners interested in age-specific interventions to improve older individuals’ likelihood of aging successfully.

An investigation into the patterns of loneliness and loss in the oldest old – Newcastle 85+ Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATIE BRITTAIN ◽  
ANDREW KINGSTON ◽  
KAREN DAVIES ◽  
JOANNA COLLERTON ◽  
LOUISE A. ROBINSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
First Interview

ABSTRACTOld age is often characterised as being associated with neglect, isolation and loneliness, not least since established risks factors for loneliness include widowhood, living alone, depression and being female. Cross-sectional data have challenged the notion that loneliness is especially an old-age phenomenon but longitudinal data on loneliness is scarce. Moreover, an under-represented group in prior studies are the oldest old, those aged 85 years and more. This paper addresses these knowledge gaps using data from the Newcastle 85+ Study, a large population-based cohort aged 85 years at first interview with follow-up interviews at 18 months and three years. At baseline over half (55%) reported being always or often alone, and 41 per cent reported feeling more lonely than ten years previously, although only 2 per cent reported always feeling lonely. Women spent more time alone than men and reported more loneliness both currently and compared to the past. Length of widowhood was a key factor, with those recently widowed having twice the risk of feeling lonely and those widowed for five or more years having a lower risk of reporting increased loneliness. Overall, the findings show that loneliness is a minority experience in the oldest old but is strongly driven by length of widowhood, challenging the notion that loneliness in later life is a static experience.

scholarly journals Outdoor Air Pollution and Depression in Canada: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study from 2011 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2450
Author(s):  
Ashley K. Dores ◽  
Gordon H. Fick ◽  
Frank P. MacMaster ◽  
Jeanne V. A. Williams ◽  
Andrew G. M. Bulloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outdoor Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Health Research

To assess whether exposure to increased levels of outdoor air pollution is associated with psychological depression, six annual iterations of the Canadian Community Health Survey (n ≈ 127,050) were used to estimate the prevalence of a major depressive episode (2011–2014) or severity of depressive symptoms (2015–2016). Survey data were linked with outdoor air pollution data obtained from the Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium, with outdoor air pollution represented by fine particulate matter ≤2.5 micrometers (μm) in diameter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Log-binomial models were used to estimate the association between outdoor air pollution and depression, and included adjustment for age, sex, marital status, income, education, employment status, urban versus rural households, cigarette smoking, and chronic illness. No evidence of associations for either depression outcomes were found. Given the generally low levels of outdoor air pollution in Canada, these findings should be generalized with caution. It is possible that a meaningful association with major depression may be observed in regions of the world where the levels of outdoor air pollution are greater, or during high pollution events over brief time intervals. Future research is needed to replicate these findings and to further investigate these associations in other regions and populations.

Support for cigarette filter waste policies among US adults

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056451
Author(s):  
Minal Patel ◽  
Alison F Cuccia ◽  
Shanell Folger ◽  
Adam F Benson ◽  
Donna Vallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionLittle is known on whether cigarette filter-related knowledge or beliefs are associated with support for policies to reduce their environmental impact.MethodsA cross-sectional, population-based sample of US adults aged 18–64 years (n=2979) was used to evaluate filter-related knowledge and beliefs by smoking status using data collected between 24 October 2018 and 17 December 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models explored whether these knowledge and belief items were associated with support for two policies, a US$0.75 litter fee and a ban on sales of filtered cigarettes, controlling for demographic characteristics and smoking status.ResultsRegardless of smoking status, 71% did not know plastic was a cigarette filter component and 20% believed filters were biodegradable. Overall, 23% believed filters reduce health harms and 60% believed filters make it easier to smoke; 90% believed cigarette butts are harmful to the environment. Individuals believing cigarette butts harmed the environment were more likely to support a litter fee (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.33, 95% CI: 1.71 to 3.17). Individuals believing that filters are not biodegradable had higher odds of supporting a litter fee (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.88). Respondents believing that filters do not make cigarettes less harmful were more likely to support a litter fee (aOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.88) and filter ban (aOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.50). Belief that filters make it easier to smoke was associated with decreased support for a filter ban (aOR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.83).ConclusionsComprehensive efforts are needed to educate the public about the impact of cigarette filters in order to build support for effective tobacco product waste policy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of self-medication in Brazil and associated factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio Dourado Arrais ◽  
Maria Eneida Porto Fernandes ◽  
Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽  
Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽  
Sotero Serrate Mengue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The North ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Use Of Health Services

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence and associated factors regarding the use of medicines by self-medication in Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using data from the PNAUM (National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), collected between September 2013 and February 2014 by interviews at the homes of the respondents. All people who reported using any medicines not prescribed by a doctor or dentist were classified as self-medication practitioners. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (Poisson regression) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated in order to investigate the factors associated with the use of self-medication by medicines. The independent variables were: sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and access to and use of health services. In addition, the most commonly consumed medicines by self-medication were individually identified. RESULTS The self-medication prevalence in Brazil was 16.1% (95%CI 15.0–17.5), with it being highest in the Northeast region (23.8%; 95%CI 21.6–26.2). Following the adjusted analysis, self-medication was observed to be associated with females, inhabitants from the North, Northeast and Midwest regions and individuals that have had one, or two or more chronic diseases. Analgesics and muscle relaxants were the therapeutic groups most used for self-medication, with dipyrone being the most consumed medicines. In general, most of the medicines used for self-medication were classified as non-prescriptive (65.5%). CONCLUSIONS Self-medication is common practice in Brazil and mainly involves the use of non-prescription medicines; therefore, the users of such should be made aware of the possible risks.

scholarly journals Association between physical multimorbidity and suicidal ideation in young adults with obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Mattar ◽  
Valerie Chauvin ◽  
Jacques Marleau ◽  
Katerina Kavalidou ◽  
Ahmed Jerome Romain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Ideation Methods ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Obesity is considered as one of the entrance point of multimorbidity and has an impact on physical and mental health. While some evidence points out to a possible relationship between obesity, multimorbidity and suicidal spectrum, little provide a direct association. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the co-occurring effect of both multimorbidity and obesity on suicidal ideation. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey data was conducted. A weighted sample of young adults (18 to 30 years-old) with obesity, from the province of Quebec, of the 2005 (n=394) and 2015–2016 (n=295) cycles were investigated independently. Multimorbidity, suicidal ideation, and health behaviours were self-reported. Results The prevalence of physical multimorbidity was 15% in 2005 and 18% in 2015–2016. Adjusted logistic regressions showed an association between multimorbidity and suicidal ideation (2005: OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.89-6.81; 2015–2016: OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.88-7.36). Among covariates, the significant association of sex (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.16-3.37) and educational status (OR 3.27; 95% CI 1.49-7.18) in the 2005 cycle, were not replicated in the 2015–2016 cycle (education: OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.46-1.87; sex (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.48-1.69). Finally, our results suggest no consistent association between health behaviours and suicidal ideation.Conclusion Multimorbidity seems to be associated with suicidal ideation among those with obesity. Attention should be given to multimorbidity management within obesity-related interventions for young people, as the development of suicidal ideation may also be prevented.

Abstract P207: Association Between Rehabilitation and Functional Outcomes of Stroke Survivors: A Population-Based Study

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Azizi ◽  
Pouria Alipour ◽  
Michael Rotondi ◽  
Chris I Ardern
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
The Impact

Background: The increasing rate of stroke and its consequent disabilities has contributed to a growing proportion of stroke survivors requiring rehabilitation. Further research is needed to understand the provision of rehabilitation in the community settings and relationship between variance in stroke care and patient outcomes. Hypothesis: To investigate the association between rehabilitation and functional outcomes of stroke survivors. Method: Data for this analysis was derived from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (merged cycles 2013-2016: 237,121 participants). Participants reporting complications from stroke were selected to assess the effect of physiotherapy (PT) and other allied health (AH) utilization. Primary endpoints included need for assistance in activity of daily living (ADL) and injury due to fall in the past 12 months (Inj-Fall). All statistical analyses were performed using R (V.4.0.2) and survey design. Results: Overall, 3,773 (1.1%) patients with stroke (47% females, 71.1% older than 60 years) were studied. Total of 0.2% and 1.6% of stroke survivors in 2013-14 had consulted PT and AH compared to 9.1% and 21% in 2015-16, respectively. Consequently, the rate of need for ADL and Inj-Fall were significantly greater in 2013-14. In general, age was a significant predictor of low accessibility to PT (OR=0.66(0.51-0.85)) or AH (OR=0.79(0.66-0.93)) whereas no significant association between sex and access to PT or AH (P=0.1). As expected, higher income was associated with greater PT utilization (OR=2.11(1.1-4.2)). Finally, PT or AH consultations were significantly associated with less need for assistance in ADL and lower Inj-Fall (Table1). Conclusion: Results of this study reinforce the beneficial effect of rehabilitation on ADL and injury in stroke survivors. Future longitudinal work is necessary to understand directionality of the relationship, and the impact of healthcare access, within varied healthcare systems and models of health .

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to solvents and lung function decline: A population based study

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 650-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh M Alif ◽  
Shyamali Dharmage ◽  
Geza Benke ◽  
Martine Dennekamp ◽  
John Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Aromatic Solvents ◽  
Using Data

RationaleWhile cross-sectional studies have shown associations between certain occupational exposures and lower levels of lung function, there was little evidence from population-based studies with repeated lung function measurements.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the associations between occupational exposures and longitudinal lung function decline in the population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study.MethodsLung function decline between ages 45 years and 50 years was assessed using data from 767 participants. Using lifetime work history calendars completed at age 45 years, exposures were assigned according to the ALOHA plus Job Exposure Matrix. Occupational exposures were defined as ever exposed and cumulative exposure -unit- years. We investigated effect modification by sex, smoking and asthma status.ResultsCompared with those without exposure, ever exposures to aromatic solvents and metals were associated with a greater decline in FEV1 (aromatic solvents 15.5 mL/year (95% CI −24.8 to 6.3); metals 11.3 mL/year (95% CI −21.9 to – 0.7)) and FVC (aromatic solvents 14.1 mL/year 95% CI −28.8 to – 0.7; metals 17.5 mL/year (95% CI –34.3 to – 0.8)). Cumulative exposure (unit years) to aromatic solvents was also associated with greater decline in FEV1 and FVC. Women had lower cumulative exposure years to aromatic solvents than men (mean (SD) 9.6 (15.5) vs 16.6 (14.6)), but greater lung function decline than men. We also found association between ever exposures to gases/fumes or mineral dust and greater decline in lung function.ConclusionsExposures to aromatic solvents and metals were associated with greater lung function decline. The effect of aromatic solvents was strongest in women. Preventive strategies should be implemented to reduce these exposures in the workplace.

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