scholarly journals ‘We’re touching the topic, but we’re not opening the book:’ A grounded theory study of sibling relationships in young people with perinatally acquired HIV

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532096227
Author(s):  
Hannah Deakin ◽  
Graham Frize ◽  
Caroline Foster ◽  
Michael Evangeli
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Patterns Of Communication ◽  
Perinatally Acquired

HIV-related stressors affecting young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV+) and their siblings include parental and sibling ill-health and death, own ill-health, HIV disclosure, and stigma. Young people with PHIV+ typically share their HIV status with family members. We explored sibling relationships in young people with PHIV+. Ten participants (six females, 17–23 years old) with PHIV+ took part in a semi-structured interview, analysed using Grounded Theory. The data were condensed into three theoretical codes: (1) HIV disclosure in sibling relationship; (2) Patterns of communication about HIV between siblings; and (3) Patterns of coping and support in sibling relationship.

scholarly journals A randomised feasibility trial of an intervention to support sharing of HIV status for 18–25-year olds living with perinatally acquired HIV compared with standard care: HIV Empowering Adults’ Decisions to Share—UK/Uganda Project (HEADS-UP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Evangeli ◽  
Caroline Foster ◽  
Victor Musiime ◽  
Sarah Fidler ◽  
Janet Seeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (PAH) face several challenges, including adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART), managing the risk of onward HIV transmission and maintaining positive well-being. Sharing one’s HIV status with others (onward HIV disclosure) may assist with these challenges by facilitating emotional and practical support. Rates of HIV status sharing are, however, low in this population. There are no existing interventions focused on sharing one’s HIV status for young adults living with PAH. The HEADS-UP study is designed to develop and test the feasibility of an intervention to help the sharing of HIV status for young adults with PAH. Methods The study is a 30-month multi-site randomised feasibility study across both a high-income/low-HIV prevalence country (UK) and a low-income/high-HIV prevalence country (Uganda). Phase 1 (12 months) will involve developing the intervention using qualitative interviews with 20 young people living with PAH (ten in the UK—18 to 29 years; ten in Uganda—18 to 25 years), 20 of their social network (friends, family, sexual partners as defined by the young person; ten in the UK, ten in Uganda) and ten professionals with experience working with young adults with PAH (five in the UK, five in Uganda). Phase 2 (18 months) involves conducting a randomised feasibility parallel group trial of the intervention alongside current standard of care condition in each country (main study) with 18- to 25-year olds with PAH. A sample size of 94 participants per condition (intervention or standard of care; 188 participants in total: 47 in each condition in each country) with data at both the baseline and 6-month follow-up time points, across UK and Ugandan sites will be recruited. Participants in the intervention condition will also complete measures immediately post-intervention. Face-to-face interviews will be conducted with ten participants in both countries immediately post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up (sub-study). Discussion This study will be the first trial that we are aware of to address important gaps in understanding acceptable and feasible ways of delivering HIV status sharing support for young people living with PAH. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN31852047, Registered on 21 January, 2019. Study sponsor: Royal Holloway University of London. Sponsor contact: [email protected]. Date and version: April 2020. Protocol version 3.5.

Psychotic disorders in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV: a UK case series

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
I. Mallik ◽  
T. Pasvol ◽  
G. Frize ◽  
S. Ayres ◽  
A. Barrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Perinatally Acquired

Abstract Background Increasing numbers of children with perinatally acquired HIV (PaHIV) are transitioning into adult care. People living with behaviourally acquired HIV are known to be at more risk of psychosis than uninfected peers. Young adults living with PaHIV face numerous risk factors; biological: lifelong exposure to a neurotrophic virus, antiretroviral medication and immune dysfunction during brain development, and environmental; social deprivation, ethnicity-related discrimination, and migration-related issues. To date, there is little published data on the prevalence of psychotic illness in young people growing up with PaHIV. Methods We conducted a retrospective case note review of all individuals with PaHIV aged over 18 years registered for follow up at a dedicated clinic in the UK (n = 184). Results In total, 12/184 (6.5%), median age 23 years (interquartile range 21–26), had experienced at least one psychotic episode. The presentation and course of the psychotic episodes experienced by our cohort varied from short-lived symptoms to long term illness and nine (75%) appear to have developed a severe and enduring mental illness requiring long term care. Conclusion The prevalence of psychosis in our cohort was clearly above the lifetime prevalence of psychosis in UK individuals aged 16–34 years, which has been reported to be 0.5–1.0%. This highlights the importance of clinical vigilance regarding the mental health of young people growing up with PaHIV and the need to integrate direct access to mental health services within the HIV centres providing medical care.

Intimate relationships in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV: a qualitative study of strategies used to manage HIV disclosure.

AIDS Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Greenhalgh ◽  
Michael Evangeli ◽  
Graham Frize ◽  
Caroline Foster ◽  
Sarah Fidler
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Perinatally Acquired

scholarly journals Factors influencing engagement in premarital sex among Vietnamese young adults: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Hang Dinh ◽  
E.R. van Teijlingen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Background With the rising trend of sexual engagement among Vietnamese young adults in recent years, concerns were raised over the issue of premarital sex and its potential health consequences. In order to prevent such consequences and further promote health, an in-depth understanding of factors influencing young people to have premarital sex would be valuable. Objective To generate a grounded theory explaining factors influencing engagement in premarital sex among Vietnamese young adults. Subjects Vietnamese adults aged 18–24 who have voluntarily engaged in premarital sex (n = 18). Method The study was conducted using the grounded theory approach by Glaser. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used. Ten in-depth interviews and three additional focus group discussions were carried out. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis involved using the constant comparative method and open and theoretical coding. Sampling, data collection and data analysis happened simultaneously until theoretical saturation was achieved. Results The grounded theory is constructed around six emergent themes: (a) desire as the ‘direct cause’; (b) the facilitators; (c) social changes; (d) media; (e) peer and (f) absence of family. The latter four themes are ‘indirect causes’ that influence through desire and the facilitators. Conclusion The study has contributed a grounded theory that identified the factors and described their relationships in a comprehensive way. It suggested a need for a reliable source of information to be tailor-designed to suit young people. Additionally, the stigma of talking about sex needs to be reduced to allow for more open discussions on sex and sexual health.

Young adults’ sibling relationships: Italian adaptation and validation of the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Sommantico ◽  
Anna Rosa Donizzetti ◽  
Barbara De Rosa ◽  
Santa Parrello
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Adult Sibling ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Italian Context

To deepen our understanding of young adults’ sibling relationships in the Italian context, this study examines the psychometric properties of the Italian adaptation and validation of the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale (LSRS) in a sample of 350 Italian university students (68.6% females, 31.4% males; ages 19–30 year, M = 23.6, SD = 3.2). Confirmatory factor analysis showed the expected six-factor structure and a close correlation between factors and scales. Internal consistency was adequate and correlation analysis with the Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (ASRQ) confirmed the theoretical relations among the constructs. The findings confirm the transcultural validity of the LSRS. Moreover, results are consistent with research findings, indicating that women show a more positive attitude toward sibling relationships, especially when reporting their relationship with sisters, older siblings show a more positive attitude toward sibling relationships, and perception of current maternal and paternal partiality is related to negative attitudes toward sibling relationships.

scholarly journals NONHUMAN SYSTEMS AS A SOURCE OF INTERACTIONAL RESILIENCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS RAISED BY ALCOHOL-ABUSING CAREGIVERS IN LESOTHO

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-442
Author(s):  
Simbai Mushonga ◽  
Adrian Van Breda
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Substance Abusing ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Interactional Processes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Research on the resilience of young people who were raised by substance-abusing caregivers is limited. This study aims to explore the internal interactional processes between nonhuman systems and young adults raised by alcohol-abusing caregivers in Lesotho. Multiple in-depth interviews were conducted and a draw-and-write technique applied with 15 university students, six of whom described having interacted with diverse nonhuman systems in their environment. A grounded theory analysis generated two themes: (1) interacting with empowering messages from non-present writers (through songs and books) and inspirational speakers (through videos) and (2) interacting with imaginary friends and inanimate objects (dolls and tattoos) in order to enhance their resilience. Van Breda’s interactional resilience approach, developed from person-in-the-environment perspective, and Margaret Archer’s theory of agency were found to be useful in interpreting the findings. The implications of the study include the need for social workers’ greater focus on young people’s interactions with nonhuman systems for resilience building.

scholarly journals Impact of Friendship Bench problem-solving therapy on adherence to ART in young people living with HIV in Zimbabwe: A qualitative study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250074
Author(s):  
Ilhame Ouansafi ◽  
Dixon Chibanda ◽  
Epiphania Munetsi ◽  
Victoria Simms
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Young People ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Problem Solving Therapy ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background Adolescents and young people globally are highly vulnerable to poor mental health especially depression, and they account for 36% of new HIV infections in Eastern and Southern Africa. HIV services remain inadequate for this population and their adherence to ART is low. The Friendship Bench (FB), an evidence-based model developed in Zimbabwe to bridge the mental health gap, is a brief psychological intervention delivered on benches in primary care facilities by lay health workers (“grandmothers”) trained in problem-solving therapy. This study explored the experience of young people living with HIV attending FB, and their perception of how problem-solving therapy impacted their adherence to ART. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in July 2019 with 10 young people living with HIV aged 18–24 years, who had recently completed FB counselling in Harare. Participants were purposively sampled and recruited from three primary care facilities. Interviews were conducted in Shona, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Transcripts were analysed in NVivo12 using inductive thematic analysis. Results Study findings revealed a clear emotional denial towards HIV, particularly for young people infected perinatally, and a resulting low adherence to ART. The study also unpacked the issues of internal stigma and how young people living with perinatally acquired HIV are informed of their HIV status. Participants reported that FB had a critical role in helping them accept their HIV status. Grandmothers’ empathic attitude was key during counselling on adherence to ART, to demystify the disease and treatment, normalize the reality of living with HIV, encourage young people to socialize with peers and free them of guilt. Interviewees unanimously reported improved ART adherence following FB counselling, and many described enhanced health and wellbeing. Conclusion Participants saw FB as a strong contributor to their general well-being, evident in decreased symptoms of depression and improved adherence to ART. FB problem-solving therapy should be rolled out to further support young people after post-test counselling or HIV serostatus disclosure for perinatally acquired HIV, for acceptance of HIV status and adherence to ART.

‘I don’t even know how to start that kind of conversation’: HIV communication between mothers and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1341-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Gibbs ◽  
Diane Melvin ◽  
Caroline Foster ◽  
Michael Evangeli
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Know How ◽  
Biological Mothers ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Perinatally Acquired

Young people with perinatally acquired HIV are now surviving into late adolescence and adulthood. We explored HIV communication within mother/adolescent dyads following naming of the adolescents’ HIV. Five adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (14–16 years) and their biological mothers were interviewed separately. HIV communication between mothers and children was rare. Discussion most commonly related to biomedical aspects of HIV. Onward HIV disclosure was discouraged by mothers, which often contrasted with adolescents’ beliefs. Discussing emotional and sexual aspects of HIV was mutually avoided. Culturally sensitive support and guidance should be offered to families about discussing HIV, considering potentially differing perspectives.

scholarly journals Uncertainty and Fertility in a Generalized AIDS Epidemic

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Trinitapoli ◽  
Sara Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into

Sociologists widely acknowledge that uncertainty matters for decision making, but they rarely measure it directly. In this article, we demonstrate the importance of theorizing about, measuring, and analyzing uncertainty as experienced by individuals. We adapt a novel probabilistic solicitation technique to measure personal uncertainty about HIV status in a high HIV prevalence area of southern Malawi. Using data from 2,000 young adults (ages 15 to 25 years), we demonstrate that uncertainty about HIV status is widespread and that it expands as young adults assess their proximate and distant futures. In conceptualizing HIV status as something more than sero-status itself, we gain insight into how what individuals know they don’t know influences their lives. Young people who are uncertain about their HIV status express desires to accelerate their childbearing relative to their counterparts who are certain they are uninfected. Our approach and findings show that personal uncertainty is a measurable and meaningful phenomenon that can illuminate much about individuals’ aspirations and behaviors.

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