Stress-responses to ostracism: Examining cortisol and affective reactivity to in-person and online exclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110014
Author(s):  
Kelly B Filipkowski ◽  
Dusti R Jones ◽  
Michael J Bernstein ◽  
Joshua M Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Affective Reactivity ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Ostracism is associated with poor outcomes, but it is unclear if online versus in-person ostracism elicits divergent psychological and physiological responses. Participants ( N = 54) were randomly assigned to online or in-person ostracism, and provided pre- and post-ostracism measures of affect, self-esteem, self-feelings, and salivary cortisol. No significant changes in negative affect, self-esteem, or self-feelings emerged, nor were there differences by ostracism condition. Both ostracism conditions decreased positive affect (stronger online) and lowered cortisol. Extending prior work, ostracism appears to reliably decrease positive affect (especially online) but may not be threatening to the self; moreover, ostracism may reliably elicit acute cortisol declines.

scholarly journals The costs of lying: Consequences of telling self-centered and other-oriented lies for the self-esteem and affect of liars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Preuter ◽  
Bastian Jaeger ◽  
Marielle Stel
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immoral Behavior

Deceiving others is generally viewed as immoral. However, most people lie on a daily basis. This paper examines the psychological consequences for the liars themselves, as they are participating in what is generally perceived as immoral behavior. More specifically, this paper focuses on the effects of self-centered and other-oriented lying on the liar’s self-esteem and affect. We tested 1) if lying, in comparison to telling the truth, lowers liars’ self-esteem and positive affect and 2) if these effects are stronger for self-centered than other-oriented lying, as self-centered lying is generally seen as more immoral. In total, three cross-sectional and one longitudinal studies were conducted (N = 783). Results showed that lying decreased people’s self-esteem and increased negative affect, regardless of the type of lie. Furthermore, lying on a given day decreased people’s self-esteem compared to their self-esteem on the previous day and to their average level of self-esteem.

scholarly journals Nostalgia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine Sedikides ◽  
Tim Wildschut ◽  
Jamie Arndt ◽  
Clay Routledge
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Medical Disease ◽  
Social Emotion

Traditionally, nostalgia has been conceptualized as a medical disease and a psychiatric disorder. Instead, we argue that nostalgia is a predominantly positive, self-relevant, and social emotion serving key psychological functions. Nostalgic narratives reflect more positive than negative affect, feature the self as the protagonist, and are embedded in a social context. Nostalgia is triggered by dysphoric states such as negative mood and loneliness. Finally, nostalgia generates positive affect, increases self-esteem, fosters social connectedness, and alleviates existential threat.

Greater Right Hemisphericity is Associated with Lower Self-Esteem in Adults

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1244-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Persinger ◽  
Katherine Makarec
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
History Of

28 men and 32 women were given Vingiano's Hemisphericity Questionnaire and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. People who reported the greatest numbers of right hemispheric indicators displayed the lowest self-esteem; the correlations were moderately strong ( r>.50) for both men and women. These results support the hypothesis that the sense of self is primarily a linguistic, left-hemispheric phenomenon and that a developmental history of frequent intrusion from right-hemispheric processes can infuse the self-concept with negative affect.

scholarly journals The Predictive Role of Affectivity, Self-Esteem and Social Support in Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 6984
Author(s):  
Wenceslao Peñate ◽  
Melissa González-Loyola ◽  
Cristian Oyanadel
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Adolescent Sample ◽  
Predictive Role

Background: This study analyzes the relationship between depression and anxiety levels and positive and negative affect, self-esteem, and perceived social support from family and friends in an early and middle adolescent sample. These are psychological variables that are often associated with the prediction of emotional disorders, especially depression. Methods: Participants (N = 467) were a representative sample of this group of adolescents and were recruited from schools in the city of Concepción, Chile. Part of the sample (N = 177) was assessed three additional times—at one-, two-, and four-month intervals. Results: Results showed a practical stability of all measures across the four intervals, with no significant differences between sexes. Anxiety and depression displayed a similar pattern of significant relationships with affectivity, self-esteem, and social support. Depression had a higher correlation coefficient (−0.47) with positive affect, and so did anxiety with negative affect (0.58). Conclusions: Taking into account 23 initial scores on affectivity, self-esteem, and social support in predicting both depression and anxiety scores at one-month, two-month, and four-month intervals, positive affect was present in three regression analyses, predicting depression scores; negative affect was present in anxiety scores. Results are discussed according to previous findings, as well as the tripartite model.

scholarly journals Suppression of negative affect in cancer patients. Trauma and defensiveness of self-esteem as predictors of depression and anxiety

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Fila-Jankowska ◽  
Agata Szawińska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Predictors Of Depression

Abstract The results of the work show that the relatively small differences in declared, negative emotional states (such as depression or anxiety) between people suffering and not suffering from cancer can be explained by the suppression of negative affect in the former. It was assumed that the suppression is related to a compensation of an automatic, affective self-assessment - i.e. implicit self-esteem, lower in cancer patients. The results confirmed that the connection of cancer and depression (similarly cancer and anxiety) became significantly stronger while the self-esteem defensiveness and past stress are statistically controlled.

scholarly journals Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Dark Chocolate on Salivary Cortisol and Mood in Adults

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Tsang ◽  
Lindsay Hodgson ◽  
Anna Bussu ◽  
Grace Farhat ◽  
Emad Al-Dujaili
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Dark Chocolate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ingestion of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate improved salivary cortisol levels and subjective mood states in adults recruited from a health and social care setting. Twenty-six participants ingested 25 g/day of a high polyphenol dark chocolate (containing 500 mg of total flavonoids) or a similar amount of a control dark chocolate containing negligible flavonoids for four weeks. Twenty-four-hour salivary glucocorticoid levels (cortisol and cortisone) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and subjective mood was assessed using a validated Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. Total daily cortisol, morning cortisol, and the cortisol/cortisone ratio were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) after ingestion of only the high polyphenol dark chocolate. There were no significant differences between groups for overall scores for positive affect and negative affect. No changes were observed after the control dark chocolate, or any other parameter measured. In conclusion, the findings from this small-scale study indicate lowering of salivary cortisol levels following polyphenol-rich dark chocolate in adults recruited from a health and social care setting. Such changes may be attributable to their ability to inhibit 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity and warrant further investigation.

Sense of Authenticity, Affectivity, and Cultural Construal of the Self among Japanese University Students

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Ito ◽  
Masahiro Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
University Students ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
The Self ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between the sense of authenticity and affectivity, which is under the control of the cultural construal of the self. Japanese university students ( N = 287) rated themselves on the Sense of Authenticity Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Scale for Independent and Interdependent Construal of the Self. Analysis indicated that the Sense of Authenticity increased Positive Affect and decreased Negative Affect, regardless of the scores on Independent and Interdependent Self-construal.

scholarly journals AGE DIFFERENCES IN CONCORDANCE BETWEEN LAB AND DAILY LIFE STRESS RESPONSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S741-S741
Author(s):  
Gloria Luong ◽  
Carla M Arredondo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Affect Reactivity ◽  
Interpersonal Stressors

Abstract The literature is mixed with respect to how stress reactivity changes with age. Previous studies have overlooked contexts, ignoring whether stressors occurred in the laboratory or in daily life. The Health and Daily Experiences (HEADE) study includes 126 younger and older adults who completed both laboratory stressors and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) of affect and stressor experiences in daily life. We found that the laboratory stressor elicited the greatest levels of negative affect reactivity (i.e., larger increases in negative affect) and positive affect reactivity (i.e., larger reductions in positive affect) compared to the two types of daily life stressors. Interpersonal stressors were associated with greater negative and positive affect reactivity compared to non-interpersonal stressors in daily life. Younger adults exhibited greater stress reactivity than older adults. Together, these findings support age-related reductions in stress reactivity. Implications for understanding stressor-health links are discussed.

Affective reactivity to daily racial discrimination as a prospective predictor of depressive symptoms in African American graduate and postgraduate students

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1649-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Ong ◽  
Anthony L. Burrow
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Affective Reactivity ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

AbstractThis study examined whether individual differences in affective reactivity, defined as changes in positive or negative affect in response to daily racial discrimination, predicted subsequent depressive symptoms. Participants were African American graduate and postgraduate students (N = 174; M age = 30 years) recruited for a measurement-burst study. Data on depressive symptoms were gathered at two assessment points 1 year apart. Affective reactivity data was obtained from participants via a 14-day diary study of daily racial discrimination and affect. Participants who experienced pronounced increases in negative affect on days when racial discrimination occurred had elevated depressive symptoms 1 year later. Heightened positive affect reactivity was also associated with more depressive symptoms at follow-up. The results suggest that affective reactivity (either greater increases in negative affect or greater decreases in positive affect in the context of racial discrimination) may be an underlying psychological mechanism that confers vulnerability to future depressive symptoms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document