scholarly journals A Patchwork of Intra-Schengen Policing: Border Games over National Identity and National Sovereignty

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Van der Woude
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
National Security ◽  
Local Level ◽  
State Power ◽  
European Level ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
Member States ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Policy Responses

By focusing on these “article 23 SBC checks”, this article will argue that the Schengen Agreement and the Schengen Border Code are—and always have been—incomplete policy responses to the tension that was felt from the very beginning of “Schengen” between (national) security and freedom of movement. In fact, by drawing from the work of Wonders on the flexibilization of state power which interlinks with Mofette’s and Valverde’s work on jurisdiction and interlegality as well as with the ideas around conscious incompleteness of agreements and regulation, the article will argue that member states as well as enforcement agencies have been consciously using the interplay between the normative regime on the European level and the normative regime and implementation and execution thereof on the national and local level.

The Democratic Dimension of European Integration

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
Egon A. Klepsch
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
European Community ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Power ◽  
European Law ◽  
European Level ◽  
Member States

SINCE 1952, THAT IS SINCE THE SETTING UP OF THE FIRST European Community for Coal and Steel, there have been two views of European integration: the first regards and continues to regard European integration as the removal of state powers from the national administrations in specific sectors. This deliberately restrictive approach, with its overriding concern for efficiency, considers it is enough to limit the activities of national bureaucracies at European level. The view is that to a large extent one can do without the control and safeguard mechanisms which are usually built into the exercise of state power in all our member states. One eminent proponent of this view, Professor Ispen, an expert on German cotstitutional and European law, has described this form of integration, and the European Community it has produced, as an ad hoc association.The second view is also based on removing the exercise of state power from the national administrations in certain restricted areas. However it is not satisfied with a technocratic and bureaucratic approach but is concerned to preserve hard-won rights in the area of the control and exercise of sovereignty. I am of course thinking here first of all of the democratic element. Those who belong to this school of thought can cite the text of the Treaties establishing the European Communities in support of their view: the Preamble to the ECSC Treaty refers to ’… the basis for a broader and deeper Community among peoples …’. The Preamble to the EEC Treaty speaks of laying ‘the foundations for an ever-closer union among the peoples of Europe’.

The Idea of Terror: Institutional Reproduction in Government Responses to Political Violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509
Author(s):  
Anna A Meier
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
National Security ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Attitudinal Changes

Abstract Despite the recent global uptick in white supremacist terrorism, governments continue to face accusations of not taking the threat seriously, either discursively or in terms of policy responses. Why do acts of white supremacist violence consistently fail to constitute turning points for policy change? Rather than considering acts of political violence as critical junctures for change, I argue that such acts instead reveal how persistent institutions of power actually are. I develop a theory of hegemonic components of national identity that links institutionalized white supremacy to the differential treatment of non-white perpetrators, even when they are deemed terrorists, through a process of institutional reproduction. Drawing on interviews with German national security elites, I show that even when white supremacist violence is treated as terrorism, both legally and discursively, it does not engender policy responses and attitudinal changes on par with those following other terrorist threats.

Multidirectional War and Paramilitarism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Balkelis
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Socially Motivated

This chapter, by following the course of military actions in Lithuania in 1919, explores the emergence of various military and paramilitary groups that engaged in different types of violence. The focus here is on the entanglement of three types of actors: those that performed state-sanctioned violence; those that acted as semi-independent paramilitary agents, and those that engaged in ethnically or socially motivated violence on a local level. The ability of the Lithuanian government to survive the series of military engagements in 1919 enhanced its legitimacy among the local population, and laid the foundation for a modern Lithuanian identity among the masses. Yet the new state and national identity were shaped in a continuous cycle of violence, social strife, mobilization, and militarization of society.

CIVIL SOCIETY AS THE MAIN DRIVER SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITIES IN CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Orlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
National Security ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Sustainability ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
The Impact

The article considers a set of issues related to the formation of sustainability in the state at different levels of government: national, regional and local, with an emphasis on the sustainability of territorial communities. The concept of "sustainability" is defined, the criteria of sustainability for national security and its components at the local level are analyzed, in particular, in the formation of affluent communities. Sustainability is considered in various aspects: as a component of national security and defense of the state, in relation to the concepts of "cohesion" and "national security". Financial stability is justified as an important sign of the viability of local communities. The role of civil society in shaping the sustainability of communities is revealed, as well as different views of scientists on the impact of civil society on sustainability are analyzed. The foreign experience of implementation of the basic principles of sustainability in the life of communities is studied. The most important component of sustainability is the ability of the community to consolidate to counteract harmful and dangerous external and internal influences. Open partnership of public authorities with business structures and the public should be a prerequisite for this. It is proved that in the conditions of decentralization and various internal and external challenges, civil society (active citizens and civil society institutions) can and should be a driver of community sustainability. It is assumed that the implementation of state policy to promote the development of civil society should create a solid foundation of democracy in Ukraine as a component of national sustainability. Since the systemic mechanisms for ensuring national sustainability in the Ukrainian state at both national and local levels are not yet fully formed, the development and implementation of comprehensive strategic decisions in this area requires proper scientific substantiation, which is why the author’s contribution to this topic.

The politics of European integration: A European labour movement in the making?

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Taylor ◽  
Andy Mathers
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
National Level ◽  
European Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Boundaries

This paper explores the logical and historical determinants of European integration and reflects on the potential and dangers this presents for labour movement renewal. Through the principle of ‘subsidiarity’ a regulatory gap has been established between political mobilisation at the national level and neo-liberal regulation at the European level. The historical determination of this form is traced through an exploration of the social struggles against neo-liberalism that have developed within member states and transnational mobilizations that bridge this regulatory gap by linking resistance across national boundaries.

scholarly journals Social Aspects of Transnational Corporations’ Activities in the New EU Member States

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Janina Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Water

Water resources are among the most valuable resources of the natural environment. The sustainable and integrated management of these resources is the basis of European water policy. Pursuant to the Water Framework Directive, all waters in the European Union should achieve a state considered at least good by the year 2015. Just how this objective can be met continues to be a topic of discussions in some of the Member States. There exist serious problems and delays in performing and implementing the provisions of the Directive in most EU countries. What is more, the state of the water economy in several countries, including Poland, has been criticized by the European Commission. Many challenges stand before European water policy. They require solutions on a global and local level. This article presents current key problems and planned directions for EU water policy development, subjected to analysis and assessment. Note is taken on the newest initiative of the European Commission in the area of water policy, especially the plan for protecting Europe’s water resources—the Blueprint to Safeguard Europe’s Water Resources

scholarly journals Educational Barriers of the Economic Security of the EAEU

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Tatyana B. Kulikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Member States ◽  
Educational Barriers ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Economic Union

The object of scientific research within the framework of this article is ways of overcoming barriers and exemptions on the way of the implementation by the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union of their international obligations on the mutual recognition of education. To achieve this goal, an analysis was carried out of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the obligations declared at the level of the integration association to recognize in one of the EAEU member states documents on education and (or) qualifications, documents on academic degrees and titles obtained in another state of the Union. The author substantiated the possibility of using the tools of professional and public accreditation of educational programs in the context under consideration, subject to expanding the territorial boundaries of its implementation and recognizing the significance of the results obtained within the integrated educational space. The proposed measures for the implementation and implementation of these instruments at the international level will ensure the effectiveness of the freedom of movement of labor within the studied integration association.

Representation of citizens by the EP

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Gerkrath
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
European Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Union Democracy ◽  
The People ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Political Decisions

As it is obviously impossible for the modern ‘demos’ to assemble in order to take political decisions, democratic representation is an inevitable tool in large democracies. Representatives have to stand for and to act for the people as a whole. Accordingly, the principle of representative or parliamentary democracy is a fundamental constitutional principle shared by all the Member States of the Union. Democracy doubtlessly works on the national level; the Member States' decisional powers, however, are fading with the constant transfer of competences towards the European level. This leads to a system of European ‘multi-level governance’ with wide consequences for the linkage between the represented peoples of the Member States and their representatives on both national and European levels.

National identity and Europeanization in post-communist Romania. The meaning of citizenship in Sibiu: European Capital of Culture 2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragoş Dragoman
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
European Cities ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
Political Project

The structure of the requirements for citizenship in a Romanian city differs by and large from the structure of the same requirements in other European cities. The peculiarity lies in the lack of distinctiveness between the origin, the ethnic aspect and the civic aspect of citizenship and also in the emphasis on the language requirements for citizenship. The explanations could be traced back to the previous century and to the cultural and political project of state and nation-building. But the importance assigned to the national identity and national sovereignty issues in Romania may affect the European integration by hindering the feelings of European belonging and solidarity.

Il primato delle istituzioni nella riforma della Pac

2009 ◽  
pp. 9-31
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Albisinni ◽  
Alessandro Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
World Market ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Member States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
French Author ◽  
Distribution Of Powers ◽  
Private Actors

- Recent years have seen dramatic and continuous reforms of the European discipline of agriculture, both in the first and in the second pillar, in significant connection with the enlargement of the EC to new member States. The process, still far from being completed, concerns many disciplinary areas, including: economics, governance and distribution of powers, as well as relations among individuals. The result is a new model of "plural" regulation, a "flexible droit" as defined with a suggestive imagine by a French author (Carbonnier). This contributions aims to analyse: the influence of reformed Cap on the institutional framework and the governance model of an enlarged Europe in a world market. A prominent character of the reform has been the marked "renationalisation" in domestic implementation of Cap, with the introduction of several policy options having significant distributional implications. Member States have wide margins of manoeuvre to link financial support to subjective and objective prerequisites and to direct benefits towards selected beneficiaries. This flexibility determines a mise en ouvre not uniform in the Member States, with relevant differences with respect to the recent past. Subsidiarity, Complementarity, Partnership, Non-Discrimination, Fair Cooperation have an impact both on the substance of the choices as well on the distribution of competences and powers among public and private actors at national, regional, and local levels. The outcome brings forward an European discipline of agriculture, which is common for Member States but not necessarily uniform. National choices, even in a strongly decoupled frame, might affect the "equal treatment between farmers" as well as "market and competition". But what is the real economic and political meaning for "equal treatment between farmers" as well as for "market and competition"? and how such concerns are related to the specific CAP concerns within a whole objective function? Tentative answers to these questions may come from the comparative analysis, both economic and juridical, of the Institutions of European agriculture, at common, national and local level. Parole chiave: istituzioni, autonomia, diritto comune europeo, leale collaborazione, sistema di governo. Key words: institutions, autonomy, common European law, fair cooperation, governance.

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