Cancer and depression: A comparison of cancer victims with the general population, findings from the European Social Survey 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-510
Author(s):  
Gerd Inger Ringdal ◽  
Kristen Ringdal
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Living With Cancer

Aims: An increasing number of people in Europe are living with cancer, either as an active disease or as a past experience. Depressive symptoms may impair quality of life in cancer patients and may constitute increased risks for disability, as well as being a risk factor for increased mortality. Our study compared self-reported symptoms of depression in people who currently or previously have experienced cancer with self-reported symptoms of depression in the general population. Methods: Our study was based on data from the European Social Survey 2014, with representative samples from 19 countries. Depression was measured by an eight-item CES-D Scale, with a cut-point of a mean score of 2 to indicate depression. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the relationship between cancer status and depression. Results: Respondents who at the time of the interview reported to have cancer were more likely to report symptoms above the cut-point on the depression scale than people who never had experienced cancer (unadjusted odds ratio (ORunadjusted)=2.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.20–3.06; and ORadjusted=2.00; 95% CI 1.70–2.36). The difference was smaller comparing people who previously had experienced cancer to people who never had experienced cancer (ORunadjusted=1.46; 95% CI 1.19–1.79; and ORadjusted=1.28; 95% CI 1.05–1.55). The differences in depression by cancer status did not vary among the welfare state regimes. Conclusions: Respondents with a cancer disease showed a substantial elevated risk of depression after adjusting for a range of potential confounders. Respondents who had recovered also showed significantly higher adjusted risk of depression than respondents who had never experienced cancer.

The Prevalence of Symptoms of Depression in An Australian General Population

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
General Population ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Depressive States

The prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated in a random sample of an Australian general population by administration of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (S.D.S.). Rates, calculated according to criteria derived from a previously studied clinical sample, were somewhat higher in this population than had been reported in similar studies elsewhere. It was reasoned that this finding related to the relative laxity of criteria employed in the present study. Socio-demographic influences on the reporting of depressive symptoms were evident, the most prominent of these being the sex of the subject. It was suggested that these influences may underlie socio-demographic differences in rates of recognized depressive states occurring within clinical samples.

scholarly journals Determinants of hourly wages inequality in selected European metropolises. The results from the multilevel modelling

Equilibrium ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Edyta Łaszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Spatial Sorting ◽  
Agglomeration Effects

The aim of this paper is the identification of the hourly wages heterogeneity in the sample of individuals living in 35 European metropolitan areas. Additionally, we evaluated factors which determine spatial variability. For this purpose, we applied Mincer-type multilevel models for the micro data from the European Social Survey (2010). To delimit metropolitan areas we used Urban Audit’s Larger Urban Zones. Our results suggest the greatest impact of cross-country differences in explaining metropolitan variation of wages. We confirmed the gender pay gap equal to 10-11%, the wage premium from permanent contracts (7-10%) and being responsible for supervising other workers (16%). The importance of workers and firms characteristics was proved both for individual-level and metro-level differences. It might suggests the part of inequalities between metropolises is connected with different composition of workers’ skills in each metropolis and spatial sorting. Finally, we found that unexplained (by such attributes) proportion of variability across metropolises might be the result of agglomeration effects. The positive impact of Jacobs externalities was found, while we did not confirm the existence of Marshall externalities.

scholarly journals Interviewer Effects Among Older Respondents in the European Social Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Beullens ◽  
Geert Loosveldt ◽  
Caroline Vandenplas
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Interviewer Effects ◽  
Current Article

Abstract The proportion of elderly people in general population samples is increasing. Therefore, it is becoming more important to pay special attention to older respondents when assessing the quality of data. The main hypothesis of the current article is that interviewer effects are higher in the older age-group. We use data collected in 13 countries during Round 7 of the European Social Survey. The results support the supposition that older respondents tend to need more clarification, are more prone to misunderstand the questions, and are likely to have longer interviews. In line with the expectations, we also observe that among older respondents, particularly those aged 71 and above, interviewer effects are more common than among younger respondents.

Basic Human Values in the Swiss Population and in a Sample of Farmers

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dobricki
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Swiss Population ◽  
Value Types ◽  
Self Transcendence

Basic human values were investigated in Swiss farmers. The main objective was to take a first step toward elucidating the structure and profile of basic human values in farmers. Data from the first three rounds (2002, 2004, 2006) of the European Social Survey were used. Value orientations were assessed with Shalom H. Schwartz’s 21-item Portrait Values Questionnaire ( 2003b ). The value orientations of the farmers (n = 125) were compared with those of the general Swiss population (n = 5,055) in terms of structure. In addition, the farmers’ scores in four higher-order value types were compared with those of the general population, managers of small enterprises (n = 103), and production and operations managers (n = 155). The structure of Schwartz’s four higher-order value types were replicated in the Swiss population as well as in the farmer sample. The farmers showed the highest score in conservation, followed by self-transcendence, self-enhancement, and lastly, openness to change. Their value profile differed from that of the general population and that of both groups of managers. According to the farmers’ value profile, recent agricultural policy strategies to promote farmers’ ecological behavior may not be structured and marketed in a manner which is in line with their basic values.

In multiple sclerosis anxiety, not depression, is related to gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Théaudin ◽  
Kristoffer Romero ◽  
Anthony Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Psychiatric Sequelae ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease 2.5 times more frequent in females. Contrary to the general population, in whom studies have demonstrated higher rates of depression and anxiety in females, little is known about the impact of gender on psychiatric sequelae in MS patients. Objectives: We conducted a retrospective study to try to clarify this uncertainty. Methods: Demographic, illness-related and behavioral variables were obtained from a neuropsychiatric database of 896 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MS. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were obtained with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Gender comparisons were undertaken and predictors of depression and anxiety sought with a linear regression analysis. Results: HADS data were available for 711 of 896 (79.35%) patients. Notable gender differences included a higher frequency of primary progressive MS in males ( p = 0.002), higher HADS anxiety scores in females ( p < 0.001), but no differences in HADS depression scores. Conclusion: In MS, gender influences the frequency of anxiety only. This suggests that the etiological factors underpinning anxiety and depression in MS are not only different from one another, but also in the case of depression, different from those observed in general population samples.

scholarly journals Anti-immigrant Attitudes in the European Union: What Role for Values?

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytenis Juozas Deimantas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Modelling Approach

This paper aims to analyse the connection between values individuals hold and perception whether immigration is bad or good for economy in the European Union. It applies the multilevel modelling approach on the European Social Survey rounds 1–7 and a set of the OECD economic measures. The method allows for an examination of personal (values, socioecomic and demographic) and contextual (GDP, inequality and unemployment rates) drivers of anti-immigrant tendencies. The results show that individual values are connected to how people perceive immigrants in the EU.

In Varietate Harmonia?: Intergroup Contact, Group Threat and Ethnic Tolerance in Scandinavian Regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-369
Author(s):  
Tor Georg Jakobsen ◽  
Joachim Vogt Isaksen ◽  
Gunn Kari Osestad Skavhaug ◽  
Zan Strabac
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Intergroup Contact Theory ◽  
Group Threat ◽  
Materialistic Values ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration

The issue of immigration is becoming increasingly salient, and has emerged as a prominent political matter in the Scandinavian countries. Using multilevel modelling employing data from the statistical bureaus of Denmark, Norway and Sweden in combination with the latest round of the European Social Survey, the link between the percentage of immigrants in a region and individual’s level of ethnic tolerance is examined. Most previous comparative studies of attitudes toward immigration have used European countries as level-2 units. We apply a new approach, investigating immigration at the regional level in these three fairly similar societies. Our findings show that regional diversity is associated with higher tolerance which is in accordance with intergroup contact theory. The relatively small size of immigrant populations together with the presence of post-materialistic values due to a relatively high standard of living makes the Scandinavian countries less receptive to mechanisms associated with group threat theory.

scholarly journals A study on psychological morbidity of cancer patients and chronic kidney disease patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4352
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash Sharma ◽  
Ravi Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living With Cancer ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: Cancer disease is a dangerous illness that causes about12% of deaths throughout the world. Increasing to 54% of all deaths by the year 2025. Recent international data show that there were 10 million new cases, 6 million deaths, and 22 million people living with cancer in 2000. In addition to physiological problems, the patient faces at large too many inherent problems by the family and society. Methods: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the people aged 18 to 70 years from the selected study area. The sample size was determined based on a prior study of the mean score of these three psychological variables anxiety, depression, stress. data was collected by using hospital anxiety depression scale and presumptive stressful life event scale.Results: In our study, The percentage of mean depression and stress level before 1 year were higher (11.49±2.76) (64.12±85.28) in CKD patients than cancer patients (10.86±2.51) (39.57±56.60), and the difference was found to be statistically significant (t=2.119, p=0.035) (Z=2.327, p=0.020) but the mean percentage of anxiety (7.43±3.21) and stress during past 1 year (317.46±87.95) were higher in cancer patients than CKD patients (5.63±2.82) (266.01±87.26). Conclusions: Based on our findings we may conclude that cancer patients have inclined to various psychological problems particularly depression, anxiety, and stress as compared to CKD. The depression and stress level before 1 year in CKD patients were more than that of cancer patients but anxiety and stress level during past 1 year was found more in cancer patients than that of CKD patients. Cancer thoroughly breaks the patients psychologically as well as biologically. 

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