The role of social embeddedness for remaining in non-desired workplaces and mental health consequences: Results from Scania Public Health Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
Claudia Bernhard-Oettel ◽  
Catarina Canivet ◽  
Gunnar Aronsson ◽  
Johanna StengÅRd ◽  
P-O ÖStergren
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Over Time

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of social embeddedness on and off the job in relation to remaining in non-desired workplaces (NDWs) and the development of mental health. Method: The study used questionnaire data from the Scania Public Health cohort ( N=2410) that were collected in 2000 (T1), 2005 (T2) and 2010 (T3). Logistic regression models were calculated to probe how NDWs and social embeddedness factors measured at baseline (T1) related to NDWs five years later (T2), and to investigate how NDWs and social embeddedness factors at T2 related to poor mental health at T3. Synergy indices were calculated in both analyses to test for additive v. interactive effects between NDWs and social embeddedness factors on the outcomes. Results: NDWs at baseline and low social embeddedness on and off the job was associated with NDWs at T2. For those in a desired workplace, low support from co-workers as well as low workplace affinity increased the risk to be in an NDW at T2. NDWs and low social embeddedness also associated with impaired mental health (T3). For those in an NDW, low support from co-workers as well as low workplace affinity increased the risk of poor mental health at T3. Conclusions: This study underlines the importance of social embeddedness for NDWs and the development of poor mental health over time. Particularly low social support from co-workers and low workplace affinity seem to be risk factors for future experience of an NDW and impaired mental health.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Outcomes During the SARS-Cov-2 Epidemic in Mexico City and Their Association With Non-adherence to Stay-At-Home Directives, June 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario H. Flores-Torres ◽  
Audrey R. Murchland ◽  
Priscilla Espinosa-Tamez ◽  
Jocelyn Jaen ◽  
Marion Brochier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
City Government ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
At Home

Objectives: To describe the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and perceived negative mental health impact during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in Mexico City and evaluate their association with adherence to stay-at-home directives.Methods: Baseline data from a cohort study of 2,016 Mexico City government employees were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models.Results: Among participants, 17.2% had clinically significant depressive symptoms, 21.6% had probable GAD, and 15.2% reported that the pandemic has had a major impact on their mental health. Factors including the presence of COVID-19 symptoms, self-isolation, and economic difficulties were associated with poor mental health. The presence of depressive symptoms and general anxiety were associated with non-adherence to public health directives, particularly among those who might have experienced these symptoms for the first time during the pandemic.Conclusion: Our study is one of the first to document the population mental health burden during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Mexico and to provide evidence of the potential role of mental health in the adherence to public health measures.

scholarly journals Risk of Interruption of Doctoral Studies and Mental Health in PhD Students

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Sara M. González-Betancor ◽  
Pablo Dorta-González
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Doctoral Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression

PhD students report a higher prevalence of mental illness symptoms than highly educated individuals in the general population. This situation presents a serious problem for universities. Thus, the knowledge about this phenomenon is of great importance in decision-making. In this paper we use the Nature PhD survey 2019 and estimate several binomial logistic regression models to analyze the risk of interrupting doctoral studies. This risk is measured through the desire of change in either the supervisor or the area of expertise, or the wish of not pursue a PhD. Among the explanatory factors, we focus on the influence of anxiety/depression, discrimination, and bullying. As control variables we use demographic characteristics and others related with the doctoral program. Insufficient contact time with supervisors, and exceeding time spent studying crossing the 50-h week barrier, are risk factors of PhD studies interruption, but the most decisive risk factor is poor mental health. Universities should therefore foster an environment of well-being, which allows the development of autonomy and resilience of their PhD students or, when necessary, which fosters the development of conflict resolution skills.

scholarly journals Positive components of mental health provide significant protection against likelihood of falling in older women over a 13-year period

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1419-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Burns ◽  
Julie Byles ◽  
Paul Mitchell ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Psychological Risk

ABSTRACTBackground:In late life, falls are associated with disability, increased health service utilization and mortality. Physical and psychological risk factors of falls include falls history, grip strength, sedative use, stroke, cognitive impairment, and mental ill-health. Less understood is the role of positive psychological well-being components. This study investigated the protective effect of vitality on the likelihood of falls in comparison to mental and physical health.Methods:Female participants were drawn from the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing (DYNOPTA) harmonization project. Participants (n= 11,340) were aged 55–95 years (Mean = 73.68; SD = 4.31) at baseline and observed on up to four occasions for up to 13 years (Mean = 5.30; SD = 2.53).Results:A series of random intercept logistic regression models consistently identified vitality's protective effects on falls as a stronger effect in the reduction of the likelihood of falls than the effect of mental health. Vitality is a significant predictor of falls likelihood even after adjusting for physical health, although the size of effect is substantially explained by its covariance with mental and physical heath.Conclusions:Vitality has significant protective effects on the likelihood of falls. In comparison with mental health, vitality reported much stronger protective effects on the likelihood to fall in comparison with the risk associated with poor mental health in a large sample of older female adults. Both physical health and mental health account for much of the variance in vitality, but vitality still reports a protective effect on the likelihood of falls.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Mental Health Versus Psychotropic Medication Record as A Predictor of Suicide: A Record Linkage Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoma N Onyeka ◽  
Aideen Maguire ◽  
Dermot O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Medication Record ◽  
Risk Of Death

IntroductionBoth rates of self-reported mental ill-health and the number of individuals in receipt of psychotropic medications are increasing. Research suggests that poor mental health is a major predictor of death by suicide, but measuring individual level mental ill-health can be difficult. Objectives and ApproachThis study assessed if self-reported mental health, psychotropic medication record, or both in combination better predict risk of death by suicide. Data from the 2011 Northern Ireland Census on all individuals living in the community aged 18-74 years (n=1,098,967) were linked to the Enhanced Prescribing Database (EPD) and death registrations until end of 2015. Mental health status was ascertained through a single-item self-reported mental health question from the Census and record of psychotropic medication in the EPD. Deaths by suicide were identified using ICD-10 codes. Logistic regression models examined the association between measures of mental health and death by suicide, with adjustment for individual attributes known to be associated with mental ill-health. ResultsOf the 1,098,967 individuals, 857 died by suicide during the study period; 0.05% of those with no mental ill-health, 0.21% who self-reported poor mental health, 0.16% of those in receipt of psychotropic medication and 0.38% of those with both. In unadjusted regression models, having both self-report and psychotropic medication record was the strongest predictor of suicide (OR=8.23, 95%CI: 6.97–9.72). Upon adjustment, having both remained the strongest suicide predictor (OR=6.13, 95%CI: 4.94–7.61), followed by psychotropic medication record only (OR=4.00, 95%CI: 3.28–4.88) and self-report only (OR=2.88, 95%CI: 2.16–3.84). Conclusion/ImplicationsIndividuals with both self-reported poor mental health and receipt of psychotropic medication had the highest likelihood of death by suicide. Of the two measures individually, receipt of psychotropic medication was associated with a higher likelihood of suicide mortality. Understanding suicide risk is vitally important for the effective targeting of interventions.

scholarly journals Levels of physical activity in four domains and affective wellbeing before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane S. Engels ◽  
Michael Mutz ◽  
Yolanda Demetriou ◽  
Anne K. Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
German Population ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background Latest studies indicated that the general mental health level is low during the pandemic. Probably, this deterioration of the mental health situation is partly due to declines in physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in and the association between affective wellbeing and levels of different domains of physical activity at three time points before and during the pandemic. Method We used a nationwide online panel with a trend data design encompassing a total sample of N = 3517, representing the German population (> 14 years). Four different activity domains (sport and exercise, light outdoor activity, housework/gardening, active travel) and affective wellbeing (positive and negative affect) were assessed at three time points before and during the Covid-19 pandemic (October 2019, March 2020, October 2020). Results Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) indicate differences regarding affective wellbeing over the three time points with the lowest values at the second time point. Levels of activity in the four domains differed significantly over time with the strongest decrease for sport and exercise from the first to the second time point. Partial correlations indicated that the relationships between sport and exercise and positive affect were most consistent over time. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that physical activity plays a particularly important role in the pandemic period as a protective factor against poor mental health. Especially sports and exercise seem to be supportive and should be encouraged, e.g. by providing additional support in finding adequate outdoor, home-based or digital substitutes.

scholarly journals Does School Racial Composition Explain Why High Income Black Youth Perceive More Discrimination? A Gender Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Males ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Recent research has documented poor mental health among high socioeconomic status (SES) Blacks, particularly African American males. The literature has also shown a positive link between SES and perceived discrimination, suggesting that perceived discrimination may explain why high SES Black males report poor mental health. To better understand the role of contextual factors in explaining this pattern, we aimed to test whether school racial composition explains why high income Black youth perceive more discrimination. We explored these associations by ethnicity and gender. Using data from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent supplement (NSAL-A), the current study included 810 African American and 360 Caribbean Black youth, with a mean age of 15. Ethnicity, age, gender, income-to-needs ratio (SES), skin color, school racial composition, and perceived (daily) discrimination were measured. Using Stata 15.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA), we fitted seven structural equation models (SEMs) for data analysis in the pooled sample based on the intersection of ethnicity and gender. Considerable gender by ethnicity variations were found in the associations between SES, school racial composition, and perceived discrimination. For African American males but not African American females or Caribbean Black males or females, school racial composition fully mediated the effect of SES on perceived discrimination. The role of inter-racial contact as a mechanism for high discrimination and poor mental health of Black American adolescents may depend on their intersection of ethnicity and gender. School racial composition may be a mechanism for increased perceived discrimination among high SES African American males.

Chronic disruptive pain in emerging adults with and without chronic health conditions and the moderating role of psychiatric disorders: Evidence from a population-based cross-sectional survey in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana A. Qadeer ◽  
Lilly Shanahan ◽  
Mark A. Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Drug Disorders

AbstractBackground and aimsThere has been a growth in the proportion of emerging adults vulnerable to pain-related sequelae of chronic health conditions (CHCs). Given the paucity of research during this important developmental period, this study investigated the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain among emerging adults and the extent to which psychiatric disorders moderate this association.MethodsData come from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS-MH). This cross-sectional survey included 5987 participants that were 15-30 years of age and self-reported their CHCs (n = 2460,41%) and the extent to which pain impacted daily functioning using items from the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI 3). Group comparisons between respondents with CHCs and healthy controls were made using chi-square tests. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed from ordinal logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Product-term interactions between CHCs and psychiatric disorders were included in the models to explore moderating effects. All analyses were weighted to maintain representativeness of the study sample to the Canadian population.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 23.5 (SE 0.1) years and 48% were female. Compared to healthy controls, a greater proportion of participants with CHCs reported having chronic pain (20.3% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001). Among those with chronic pain, respondents with CHCs reported a greater number of activities prevented because of chronic disruptive pain (χ2 = 222.28, p< 0.001). Similarly, in logistic regression models, participants with CHCs had greater odds of reporting chronic disruptive pain (OR = 4.94, 95% CI = 4.08-5.99). Alcohol (β = –0.66; p = 0.025) and drug abuse/dependence disorders (β = –1.24; p = 0.012) were found to moderate the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. Specifically, the probability of chronic disruptive pain was higher for emerging adults without CHCs and with alcohol or drug disorders; however, among participants with CHCs, probability was higher for those without these disorders.ConclusionsThere is a robust association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. The moderating effects suggest that alcohol or drug disorders are especially harmful for emerging adults without CHCs and contribute to higher levels of chronic disruptive pain; however, among those with CHCs, alcohol and illicit drugs may be used as a numbing agent to blunt chronic disruptive pain.ImplicationsFindings from this study have implications for the integration and coordination of services to design strategies aimed at managing chronic disruptive pain and preventing pain-related disabilities later in life. Within the health system, healthcare providers should engage in dialogues about mental health and substance use regularly with emerging adults, be proactive in screening for psychiatric disorders, and continue to monitor the impact of pain on daily functioning. Given the age range of emerging adults, there is tremendous opportunity for clinicians to work cooperatively with colleagues in the education system to support emerging adults with and without CHCs. Overall, clinicians, researchers, educators, and those in social services should continue to be mindful of the complex interrelationships between physical and mental health and chronic disruptive pain and work cooperatively to optimize health outcomes and prevent pain-related disabilities among emerging adults.

Changing Attitudes Toward Euthanasia and Suicide for Terminally Ill Persons, 1977 to 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon K. Attell
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Biased Estimates ◽  
Analysis Point ◽  
Over Time

Several longitudinal studies show that over time the American public has become more approving of euthanasia and suicide for terminally ill persons. Yet, these previous findings are limited because they derive from biased estimates of disaggregated hierarchical data. Using insights from life course sociological theory and cross-classified logistic regression models, I better account for this liberalization process by disentangling the age, period, and cohort effects that contribute to longitudinal changes in these attitudes. The results of the analysis point toward a continued liberalization of both attitudes over time, although the magnitude of change was greater for suicide compared with euthanasia. More fluctuation in the probability of supporting both measures was exhibited for the age and period effects over the cohort effects. In addition, age-based differences in supporting both measures were found between men and women and various religious affiliations.

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