The public debate on organ donation and presumed consent in Denmark: Are the right issues being addressed?

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja M. B. Jensen ◽  
Johanne Bjørg Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Presumed Consent ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Right

The legal framework for organ donation in Denmark is informed consent. But due to the unsatisfactory number of organ donors, Denmark is considering changing legislation to presumed consent. This article discusses the public debate on organ donation and presumed consent in Denmark, and asks whether the right issues are being addressed in the quest towards more available organs and better donor rates? Basing our considerations on the various arguments in the debate and on scientific findings, we question the potential benefits of presumed consent and challenge some of the assumptions and rationalizations that characterize the discussions in Denmark regarding public support, public trust and the role of the family in donation decisions.

scholarly journals Support for Improving the International Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-183
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
International Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Large Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Creation

The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of public support for the successful internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bulgaria. The focus is on the internationalization of this group of enterprises not only because of their great number, but also because of their contribution to Bulgarian economy. Out of the total number of SMEs, 500 companies are examined through a standardized questionnaire. These companies are from different economic sectors, and differ in terms of their size and type of ownership. The results reveal that the public services most preferred by the surveyed companies for their successful internationalization are: providing information about foreign markets; encouraging participation in fairs and exhibitions; supporting the creation of contacts with potential partners. Often these companies receive needed services from local territorial administrations, and not from national ones. This suggests the need for a more active use of the potential of local administrations to support the SMEs internationalization. The results also show that the specific needs of a large group of enterprises (the family-owned companies) are not well known yet.

The Relative Impact of Presumed-Consent Legislation on Thoracic Organ Donation in the Eurotransplant Area

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Roels ◽  
Johan De Meester
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Presumed Consent ◽  
The Public ◽  
Explicit Consent ◽  
The Right ◽  
Thoracic Organ

A country's organ donation rate and hence the availability of thoracic organs can be increased by organizational measures, by legislative incentives, and by increasing awareness among the public and healthcare professionals. We analyzed the relative impact of organ procurement legislation or policy on heart and lung donation rates per million population per year in the four countries participating in the Eurotransplant organization (population, 112.7 million) between January 1992 and December 1994. Within this organization, Austria and Belgium have presumed-consent legislation, whereas Germany and the Netherlands have an opting-in (explicit-consent) policy. Although practices vary even among countries with similar policies (eg, in Belgium, relatives of the donor retain the right to object to procurement of organs in the absence of an explicit consent from the deceased before death), rates of heart and lung donation were at least twice as high in the two countries with presumed-consent legislation as in the two countries that rely on a policy of explicit consent from the donor's next of kin.

scholarly journals Should the family have a role in deceased organ donation decision-making? A systematic review of public knowledge and attitudes towards organ procurement policies in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Molina Pérez ◽  
Janet Delgado ◽  
Mihaela Frunza ◽  
Myfanwy Morgan ◽  
Gurch Randhawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organ Retrieval ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation

Goal: To assess public knowledge and attitudes towards the role of the family in deceased organ donation in Europe. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in CINHAL, MEDLINE, PAIS Index, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. These databases were last searched on December 15th, 2017. Eligibility criteria were empirical studies conducted in Europe from 2008 to 2017 and addressing either knowledge or attitudes by the public towards the consent system, including the involvement of the family in the decision-making process, for post-mortem organ retrieval. Each record was screened by two or more independent reviewers in three phases. Data collection from each report was performed by two or more independent reviewers. Results: Of the 1,482 results, 467 reports were assessed in full-text form, and 33 were included in this synthesis. Studies show that a majority of the public support the family′s involvement in organ retrieval decision-making and, in particular, their role as surrogate decision-maker when the deceased has expressed no preference. Conclusions: A common conceptual framework and validated well-designed questionnaires are needed to address the role of the family in future studies. The findings should be considered in the development of Government policy and guidance regarding the role of families in deceased organ donation.

EVERYDAY PRACTICE OF MOTHERS IN A PROVINCIAL SOVIET CITY IN THE 1950–60S

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Irina V. Bogdashina
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
The Real ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

The article reveals the measures undertaken by the Soviet state during the “thaw” in the fi eld of reproductive behaviour, the protection of motherhood and childhood. Compilations, manuals and magazines intended for women were the most important regulators of behaviour, determining acceptable norms and rules. Materials from sources of personal origin and oral history make it possible to clearly demonstrate the real feelings of women. The study of women’s everyday and daily life in the aspect related to pregnancy planning, bearing and raising children will allow us to compare the real situation and the course of implementation of tasks in the fi eld of maternal and child health. The demographic surge in the conditions of the economy reviving after the war, the lack of preschool institutions, as well as the low material wealth of most families, forced women to adapt to the situation. In the conditions of combining the roles of mother, wife and female worker, women entrusted themselves with almost overwork, which affected the health and well-being of the family. The procedure for legalising abortion gave women not only the right to decide the issue of motherhood themselves, but also made open the already necessary, but harmful to health, habitual way of birth control. Maternal care in diffi cult material and housing conditions became the concern of women and the older generation, who helped young women to combine the role of a working mother, which the country’s leadership confi dently assigned to women.

Social versus Private Insurance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pestieau ◽  
Mathieu Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Fiscal Competition ◽  
Public Insurance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private And Public

This chapter looks at the role of the public versus the private sector in the provision of insurance against social risks. After having discussed the evolution of the role of the family as support in the first place, the specificity of social insurance is emphasized in opposition to private insurance. Figures show the extent of spending on both private and public insurance and the chapter presents economic reasons to why the latter is more developed than the former. Issues related to moral hazard and adverse selection are addressed. The chapter also discusses somewhat more general arguments supporting social insurance such as population ageing, unemployment, fiscal competition and social dumping.

The Right to Avoid Procreation and the Regulation of Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Rothmar Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
European Consensus ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

This chapter discusses the right to avoid procreation and the regulation of pregnancy from a European perspective. The legal basis for a right to avoid procreation can be said to fall within the scope of several provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), an instrument that is binding for all European countries. Here, Article 12 of the ECHR gives men and women of marriageable age the right to marry and found a family in accordance with the national laws governing this right. However, Article 12 protects some elements of the right not to procreate, but for couples only. The lack of common European consensus in this area highlights how matters relating to the right to decide on the number and spacing of children touch on aspects that differ from country to country even in what could appear to be a homogenous region. In fact, the cultural, moral, and historical milieus that surround these rights differ considerably with diverse national perceptions of the role of the family, gender equality, religious and moral obligations, and so on.

The SORS Decision-Making Support System: A statistical tool for better policy making in the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Miladin Kovačević ◽  
Katarina Stančić
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
System A ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Trusted Data

Modern society is witnessing a data revolution which necessarily entails changes to the overall behavior of citizens, governments and companies. This is a big challenge and an opportunity for National Statistics Offices (NSOs). Especially after the outbreak of COVID-19, when the public debate about the number of mortalities and tested and infected persons escalated, trusted data is required more than ever. Which data can modern society trust? Are modern societies being subjected to opinion rather than fact? This paper introduces a new statistical tool to facilitate policy-making based on trusted statistics. Using economic indicators to illustrate implementation, the new statistical tool is shown to be a flexible instrument for analysis, monitoring and evaluation of the economic situation in the Republic of Serbia. By taking a role in public policy management, the tool can be used to transform the NSO’s role in the statistical system into an active participant in public debate in contrast to the previous traditional, usually passive role of collecting, processing and publishing data. The tool supports the integration of statistics into public policies and connects the knowledge and expertise of official statisticians on one side with political decision makers on the other.

The Legal Framework for Foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy from 1750 to 1918

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Gabriele Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Law

Foundations, as permanent funds established by a certain legal act, can serve manifold purposes, but often pursue charitable goals. As such, they play an important role for the public good. Therefore, states always had an interest in fostering foundations by providing a pertinent legal framework. In Austria, this topic has not yet been the focus of scholarship. Through this study some light is shed on the implementation of the law on foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy. It focuses on the role of the state and its legal system regarding the regulation and supervision of foundations from 1750 to 1918. This period is characterized by the sovereigns’ endeavor to regulate the position of foundations via extensive legislation. In particular, a system of oversight for foundations was created in order to guarantee the attainment of their charitable goals. In fact, this system prevailed until the end of the 20thcentury.

The role of financial analysis using financial models to predict the financial stumble on the Saudi public utilities sector: An applied study: دور التحليل المالي باستخدام النماذج المالية للتنبؤ بالتعثر المالي على قطاع المرافق العامة السعودية: دراسة تطبيقية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najla Ibrahim Abdulrahman, Fatimah Ibrahim Alkhamis
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Financial Models ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
The Right

This study aimed to find out the role of financial analysis using financial models to predict the financial stumble on the Saudi public utilities sector. The study was based on the financial analysis of the financial lists published by the sample of the study of the Gas and Manufacturing Company (Gasco) and the Saudi Electricity Company listed in the Saudi Capital Market Authority. During the period (2009-2018) I followed the descriptive analytical approach. The study found the effectiveness of the Abdul Rahman model to predict the financial stumble on the public utilities sector, and the low effectiveness of the Altman model and the Kida model to predict financial stumbles on the utility sector. The study also recommended encouraging audit offices to add financial analysis services to the possibility of predicting and addressing financial stumbles, directing companies using financial models that help predict financial stumbles, encouraging investors to use financial models that help predict financial stumbles to make the right decision, and directing researchers in the study of financial default forecasting on the insurance sector using the Abdul Rahman model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document