scholarly journals Numerical investigation of airborne infection in naturally ventilated hospital wards with central-corridor type

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Hua Qian ◽  
Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
The Impact

Natural ventilation is believed to control airborne infection due to high ventilation rates while an undesired flow pattern may cause infection transmission in hospital wards. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was carried out in this study to investigate the impact of airflow pattern on cross infection in a real central-corridor hospital ward with natural ventilation in Nanjing, China. The simulation results demonstrate that the predicted infection risks of the downstream cubicle are up to 10.48% and 11.59% as the index patient is located in the corridor and in the opposite upstream cubicle, respectively. Under this circumstance, the downstream cubicle should be listed on the high-risk list and the central-corridor type is not recommended in a naturally ventilated ward. Measures such as keeping cubicle doors closed should be taken in order to cut off the transmission route. The results not only give direct evidence to strongly support World Health Organization’s recommendation but also suggest required amendment of the Chinese standard GB 51039-2014 to improve ventilation arrangement in general hospital wards in China. Our findings are useful for improving the future design of general hospital wards for airborne infection control.

scholarly journals Low Cost tool for finding ventilation rates for Airborne Infection Control in the Built Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ventilation Rates

Dilution Ventilation is an accepted way of providing Natural Ventilation for reduction of Disease spread in Indoor Spaces. It is most relevant in low resource settings where the cost of advanced technologies may be a barrier. Studies have been performed in India to find a correlation between Ventilation of spaces and its role in the prevention of Tuberculosis, which is a major airborne disease with high incidence levels in India. These studies lack the measurement of the air changes in the room which is an important criterion to find out the disease spread by transmission models. This paper presents a new apparatus prepared to measure Air changes in an indoor space using Carbon Dioxide as a biomarker which acts as a surrogate for the ventilation in the space. The apparatus prepared uses a pre-existing carbon dioxide meter but adds value to it by creating a tamper-proof, vandal-resistant and a poke-resistant system. It also includes a built-in air suction and withdrawal system so that the sensor can be supplied with the ambient air in the room so that it can accurately give the carbon dioxide measurements. The study enhances the methods of investigation for Indoor Air Quality studies.

scholarly journals The impact of curcumin derived polyphenols on the structure and flexibility COVID-19 main protease binding pocket: a molecular dynamics simulation study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11590
Author(s):  
Aweke Mulu ◽  
Mulugeta Gajaa ◽  
Haregewoin Bezu Woldekidan ◽  
Jerusalem Fekadu W/mariam
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Simulation Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The newly occurred SARS-CoV-2 caused a leading pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Up to now it has infected more than one hundred sixty million and killed more than three million people according to 14 May 2021 World Health Organization report. So far, different types of studies have been conducted to develop an anti-viral drug for COVID-19 with no success yet. As part of this, silico were studied to discover and introduce COVID-19 antiviral drugs and results showed that protease inhibitors could be very effective in controlling. This study aims to investigate the binding affinity of three curcumin derived polyphenols against COVID-19 the main protease (Mpro), binding pocket, and identification of important residues for interaction. In this study, molecular modeling, auto-dock coupled with molecular dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the conformational, and stability of COVID-19 binding pocket with diferuloylmethane, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. All three compounds have shown binding affinity −39, −89 and −169.7, respectively. Demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin showed an optimum binding affinity with target molecule and these could be one of potential ligands for COVID-19 therapy. And also, COVID-19 main protease binding pocket binds with the interface region by one hydrogen bond. Moreover, the MD simulation parameters indicated that demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin were stable during the simulation run. These findings can be used as a baseline to develop therapeutics with curcumin derived polyphenols against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations and the influence of ventilation rates on IAQ: A case study of five low-energy London apartments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110171
Author(s):  
Samuel Stamp ◽  
Esfand Burman ◽  
Clive Shrubsole ◽  
Lia Chatzidiakou ◽  
Dejan Mumovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The indoor air quality (IAQ) of five low-energy London apartments has been assessed through the measurement of 16 key pollutants, using continuous and diffusive methods across heating and non-heating seasons. This case study approach aimed to assess the presence of pollutants within low-energy apartments and to better understand the role of ventilation and seasonal variations in indoor air quality. The results indicate strong seasonal variations, driven by increased natural ventilation rates over the summer monitoring period. A combined metric for indoor and outdoor pollutants ( Itot) suggests that the IAQ in the winter ( Itot = 17.7) is more than twice as bad as that seen in the summer ( Itot = 8.6). Formaldehyde concentrations were lower in the non-heating season, indicating increased ventilation rates more than offset increased off-gassing, in contrast to findings in other studies. However, increased summertime ventilation rates were observed to increase the proportion of outdoor pollutants entering the internal environment. This resulted in higher indoor concentrations of NO2 in the summer than the winter, despite significant reductions in outdoor concentrations. These results demonstrate the impact of ventilation practices upon IAQ, the influence of occupant actions and the complex relationship ventilation rates play in balancing indoor and outdoor sources of air pollution.

scholarly journals PROGRAMA DE ORIENTACIÓN FAMILIAR PARA PROMOVER LA ACEPTACIÓN DE LA ESTADÍA PROLONGADA EN EL ÁREA DE NEONATOLOGÍA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE PORTOVIEJO

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Jessica Gisela Cervantes Fernández ◽  
Gabriel García Murillo
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Guidance Program ◽  
Family Acceptance ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hospital General

En este artículo se describe la presentación de  un programa que va orientado a promover la aceptación familiar de la estadía prolongada de los neonatos, el mismo que se lo realiza con el fin de generar un desarrollo óptimo e ideal de los neonatos bajo el cuidado del personal de salud capacitado para enfrentar este tipo de problemas,  se reconoce que cada familia presenta una preocupación sobre el tiempo de estadía en el que se encuentra un neonato,  por ello el trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de implementar un programa de orientación familiar para promover la aceptación de la estadía prolongada de los neonatos con diversos problemas del área de neonatología del hospital general de Portoviejo, con el uso de una metodología descriptiva y exploratoria en la que se indagaron los casos que se presentan en neonatología  y que ameritan  una estadía prolongada, además de conocer el impacto de la familia frente a esta situación mediante una entrevista estructurada, para determinar el grado de impacto sobre su completo bienestar definido por la ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE  SALALUD (OMS). PALABRAS CLAVE: Estadía prolongada; familia; neonato; desarrollo; morbilidad. FAMILY GUIDANCE PROGRAM TO PROMOTE ACCEPTANCE OF THE LONG STAY IN THE AREA OF NEONATOLOGY OF THE GENERAL HOSPITAL OF PORTOVIEJO ABSTRACT This article describes the presentation of a program that aims to promote family acceptance of prolonged stay of newborns, which is carried out in order to generate optimal and ideal development of newborns under the care of staff What is this? How does it work? How does it work? How does it work? How does it work? acceptance of the prolonged stay of neonates with various problems of neonatology area of the general hospital of Portoviejo, with the use of a descriptive and exploratory descriptive in which the cases that appear in neonatology and that merit a prolonged stay were investigated, in addition to know the impact of the family in this situation through a structured interview, to finish the degree of impact on welfare defined by the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). KEYWORDS: Extended stay; family; newborn; development; morbidity.

Formula delivery in patients receiving enteral tube feeding on general hospital wards: the impact of nasogastric extubation and diarrhea

Nutrition ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1025-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Whelan ◽  
Lydia Hill ◽  
Victor R. Preedy ◽  
Patricia A. Judd ◽  
Moira A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Enteral Tube Feeding ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Internal Work Environment on the Retention of Healthcare Providers at Turaif General Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183-1199
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alrouili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Internal Work ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This study attempted to identify the impact of internal work environment on the retention of healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In particular, the study aimed to identify the dimensions of work circumstances, compensation, and relationship with colleagues, professional growth, and the level of healthcare providers’ retention. In order to achieve the study goals, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study population comprised all the healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital. Questionnaires were distributed to the entire study sample that consisted of 220 individuals. The number of questionnaires valid for study was 183 questionnaires. The research findings were as follows: the participants’ estimate of the work circumstances dimension was high (3.64), the participants’ estimate of the compensation dimension was moderate (3.32), the participants’ estimate of the relationship with colleagues dimension was high (3.62), the participants’ estimate of the professional growth dimension was weak (2.39), and the participants’ estimate of healthcare providers’ retention level was intermediate (2.75). Accordingly, the researcher’s major recommendations are: the need to create the right atmosphere for personnel in hospitals, the interest of the hospital to provide the appropriate conditions for the staff in terms of the physical and moral aspects for building the work adjustment in the staff, and conducting training courses and educational lectures for personnel in hospitals on how to cope with the work pressures.

Novel Coronavirus 2019 Outbreak: A Global Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.

viewpoint TIME TO RESTART: PROTOCOL OF RESUMPTION OF ACTIVITIES OF A DERMATOLOGICAL CLINIC OF A LEVEL II HOSPITAL IN THE COVID-19 ERA. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Diotallevi ◽  
Anna Campanati ◽  
Giulia Radi ◽  
Oriana Simonetti ◽  
Emanuela Martina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
Medical And Healthcare

UNSTRUCTURED Two months have passed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus, on March 11, 2020. Medical and healthcare workers have continued to be on the frontline to defeat this disease, however, continual changes are being made to their working habits which are proving to be difficult. Since the beginning of the pandemic, a major reorganisation of all hospital wards, including dermatological wards, has been carried out in order to make medical and nursing staff available in COVID wards and to prevent the spread of infection. These strategies, which were also adopted in our clinic, proved to be effective, as no staff members or patients were infected by the virus. Now, thanks to the global decrease in SARS-CovV2 infections, it is necessary to make dermatological wards accessible to patients again, but it is also essential to adopt specific protocols to avoid a new wave of infections.

Characterizing the effectiveness of COVID-19 mitigation measures: A data-centric approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Olagoke ◽  
Ahmet E. Topcu
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND COVID-19 represents a serious threat to both national health and economic systems. To curb this pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a series of COVID-19 public safety guidelines. Different countries around the world initiated different measures in line with the WHO guidelines to mitigate and investigate the spread of COVID-19 in their territories. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of these control measures using a data-centric approach. METHODS We begin with a simple text analysis of coronavirus-related articles and show that reports on similar outbreaks in the past strongly proposed similar control measures. This reaffirms the fact that these control measures are in order. Subsequently, we propose a simple performance statistic that quantifies general performance and performance under the different measures that were initiated. A density based clustering of based on performance statistic was carried out to group countries based on performance. RESULTS The performance statistic helps evaluate quantitatively the impact of COVID-19 control measures. Countries tend show variability in performance under different control measures. The performance statistic has negative correlation with cases of death which is a useful characteristics for COVID-19 control measure performance analysis. A web-based time-line visualization that enables comparison of performances and cases across continents and subregions is presented. CONCLUSIONS The performance metric is relevant for the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 control measures. This can help caregivers and policymakers identify effective control measures and reduce cases of death due to COVID-19. The interactive web visualizer provides easily digested and quick feedback to augment decision-making processes in the COVID-19 response measures evaluation. CLINICALTRIAL Not Applicable

Impact of hydroxychloroquin/azithromycin protocol on COVID-19 case-fatality rate reduction in Algeria. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Youssef Kada
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND Covid-19 is an emerging infectious disease like viral zoonosis caused by new coronavirus SARS CoV 2. On December 31, 2019, Wuhan Municipal Health Commission in Hubei province (China) reported cases of pneumonia, the origin of which is a new coronavirus. Rapidly extendable around the world, the World Health Organization (WHO) declares it pandemic on March 11, 2020. This pandemic reaches Algeria on February 25, 2020, date on which the Algerian minister of health, announced the first case of Covid-19, a foreign citizen. From March 1, a cluster is formed in Blida and becomes the epicentre of the coronavirus epidemic in Algeria, its total quarantine is established on March 24, 2020, it will be smoothly alleviated on April 24. A therapeutic protocol based on hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was put in place on March 23, for complicated cases, it was extended to all the cases confirmed on April 06. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquin/azithromycin protocol in Algeria, in particular after its extension to all patients diagnosed COVID-19 positive on RT-PCR test. We were able to illustrate this fact graphically, but not to prove it statistically because the design of our study, indeed in the 7 days which followed generalization of therapeutic protocol, case fatality rate decrease and doubling time increase, thus confirming the impact of wide and early prescription of hydroxychloroquin/azithromycin protocol. METHODS We have analyzed the data collected from press releases and follow-ups published daily by the Ministry of Health, we have studied the possible correlations of these data with certain events or decisions having a possible impact on their development, such as confinement at home and its reduction, the prescription of hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin combination for serious patients and its extension to all positive COVID subjects. Results are presented in graphics, the data collection was closed on 31/05/2020. RESULTS Covid-19 pandemic spreads from February 25, 2020, when a foreign citizen is tested positive, on March 1 a cluster is formed in the city of Blida where sixteen members of the same family are infected during a wedding party. Wilaya of Blida becomes the epicentre of coronavirus epidemic in Algeria and lockdown measures taken, while the number of national cases diagnosed begins to increases In any event, the association of early containment measures combined with a generalized initial treatment for all positive cases, whatever their degree of severity, will have contributed to a reduction in the fatality rate of COVID 19 and a slowing down of its doubling time. CONCLUSIONS In Algeria, the rapid combination of rigorous containment measure at home and early generalized treatment with hydroxychloroquin have demonstrated their effectiveness in terms of morbidity and mortality, the classic measures of social distancing and hygiene will make it possible to perpetuate these results by reducing viral transmission, the only unknown, the reopening procedure which can only be started after being surrounded by precautions aimed at ensuring the understanding of the population. CLINICALTRIAL Algeria, Covid-19, pandemic, hydroxychloroquin, azithromycin, case fatality rate

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