scholarly journals Effects of economic factors on alcohol consumption in 14 European countries

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 100-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalervo Leppänen ◽  
Risto Sullström ◽  
Ilpo Suoniemi
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Specific Level

Kalervo Leppänen & Risto Sullström & Ilpo Suoniemi: Effects of economic factors on alcohol consumption in 14 European countries This paper analyses time series data on alcohol consumption in 14 European countries. Flexible models of alcohol consumption using quantity index data and absolute alcohol in litres per adult have been specified to find similarities in consumer preferences. The SURE method and Wald test were used to estimate and test for common parameters across the countries and to obtain the corresponding restricted estimates. We also constructed comparable price indices for alcoholic beverages and total expenditure variables in order to capture differences between the countries in price levels and the consumers' purchasing power. The hypothesis of common preferences was clearly rejected by the data. Total expenditure affects the demand for alcohol equally across the countries and the price parameters are equal within the three groups, i.e. the monopoly countries, wine producers and other countries with the exception of the Netherlands. The common estimate of the expenditure parameter suggests that alcoholic beverages are considered to be normal goods rather than luxuries. The demand for alcoholic beverages is more easily controllable by excise taxes in the monopoly countries than elsewhere. In the wine-producing countries demand is relatively price inelastic. The value of the price elasticity indicates that taxes have not been set at their revenue-maximizing levels in the monopoly countries. Analysis of absolute alcohol consumption revealed that the country-specific level constants were the major factor in explaining the difference among the countries. Economic variables, the price of alcohol and total expenditure played a subsidiary yet important role.

The Demand for Alcoholic Beverages: An Aggregate Time-Series Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Levy ◽  
Neil Sheflin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Price Effects ◽  
Alternative Measures

We estimate the total demand for alcoholic beverages with annual U. S. time-series data from 1940–80 using two alternative measures of alcohol consumption. By concentrating on the total demand for alcoholic beverages we subsume the cross-price effects. Our results indicate a price elasticity of (minus)0.5 and an income elasticity of 0.4 and weak evidence of a somewhat higher propensity to consume alcoholic beverages by those under 21. After correcting for heteroskedasticity, the estimates are found to be statistically stable over the sample period.

DIVERSIFICATION OF ALCOHOL PRODUCTS CONSUMPTION IN EUROPE

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (5) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jałowiecki ◽  
Izabela Surtel
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Low Levels

The paper presents the results of research on the differentiation of alcohol consumption in European countries in the years 2000-2013. In the study period, the trend of consumption of alcoholic products from the growing to the decreasing one was changed. This change was in the years 2007-2008 and is most likely related to the financial crisis that has just started. The consumption of alcoholic beverages in Europe is characterized by low levels of diversification over the period considered, which means that, despite the aforementioned trend change, it was quite stable. The differentiation of consumption levels of alcoholic beverages in individual countries was also assessed and classified in terms of their level.

scholarly journals Splendide Mendax: False Label Claims About High and Rising Alcohol Content of Wine

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Alston ◽  
Kate B. Fuller ◽  
James T. Lapsley ◽  
George Soleas ◽  
Kabir P. Tumber
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Demand Shifts ◽  
Expert Ratings ◽  
Jel Classifications

AbstractAre wine alcohol labels accurate? If not, why? We explore the high and rising alcohol content of wine and examine incentives for false labeling, including the roles of climate, evolving consumer preferences, and expert ratings. We draw on international time-series data from a large number of countries that experienced different patterns of climate change and influences of policy and demand shifts. We find systematic patterns that suggest that rising wine alcohol content may be a nuisance by-product of producer responses to perceived market preferences for wines having more-intense flavours, possibly in conjunction with evolving climate. (JEL Classifications: D22, L15, L66, Q18, Q54).

Tobacco and Alcohol Tax Relationships with Suicide in Switzerland

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Yamasaki ◽  
Masanobu Chinami ◽  
Masao Suzuki ◽  
Yoshihiro Kaneko ◽  
Daisuke Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Alcohol Tax ◽  
Female Suicide Rate ◽  
Consumption Taxes

Previous research has shown an empirical link between tobacco and alcohol use and suicide. If tobacco and alcohol use contribute to suicidal behaviors, then policies designed to reduce the tobacco and alcohol consumption may succeed in reducing suicides as well. To test this hypothesis, correlations for suicide rates with alcohol consumption, taxes on alcohol and tobacco in Switzerland were examined using sets of time-series data from Switzerland in 1965–1994. The tax on tobacco correlated significantly negatively with male standardized suicide rate. The tax on alcohol also correlated significantly with male standardized suicide rate in an autoregressive model. On the other hand, significant relationships with female suicide rate were not found. Policies designed to reduce tobacco consumption are consistent with a benefit of reducing suicides, particularly for men in this sample.

scholarly journals THE GENDER AGE AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Maksimov ◽  
Ya. V. Danil’Chenko ◽  
M. V. Tabakaev ◽  
T. A. Mulerova ◽  
E. V. Indukaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Economic Indices

The methods. The study was implemented within the framework of epidemiological study “The epidemiology of cardio-vascular diseases in the Russian Federation” (ESSE-RF). The analysis was applied to random sampling of male and female population aged from 25 to 64 years (1628 respondents in totality) residents of the Kemerovo region. The type of consumed alcoholic beverages, rate of consumption, average volume of alcohol consumed per one intake were analyzed. The genuine technique was applied to calculate annual volume of consumed alcohol and also to convert volumes of various types of alcoholic beverages in units of “safe” dosage of ethanol. The results. The most preferred alcoholic beverage are vodka (60.6%), beer (51.7%) and vine (52.2%). The males prefer vodka and beer, the females - vine. With increasing of age the consumption of beer decreases linearly from 74.3% in age group 25-34 years to 33.2% in age group 55-64 years. The preference of vodka is typical for individuals aged from 35 to 54 years (about 65%). The volume of consumption of alcohol reaches in average in sample 1.48 ± 2.07 of mean day dosage of ethanol. With age, volumes of consumed alcohol decrease from 2,17 ± 2,04 in younger age group to 0,75 ± 1,36 in elder age group. In females decreasing is linear and in males lenear too from age of 45 years. for females lower total volumes of consumed alcohol are more characteristic in comparison with the males. The alcohol is consumed basically in “rarely/little” (59,3%) and “often/little” (21,1%) degrees. The females predominantly consume alcohol “rarely/little” (77,4%). With age, increasing is noted of percentage of consuming “rarely/little” from 44.2% among individuals of 33-44 years old to 72.5% in age group 55-64 years. Among social economic indices, positive effect on decreasing of consumption of alcohol render higher education, availability of family (males), lacking of work. The conclusion. The established patterns testify significant effect of gender and age on type, volume and rate of alcohol consumption. The social economic factors make much lesser contribution to volumes of consumed alcohol. for a number of social economic factors no effect is established.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities of Private Investment, Case of South Wollo Zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABIYOT ALEMU ADO ◽  
mulken H.
Keyword(s):  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Abstract This paper was designed to analyze the challenges and opportunities of private investment in South Wollo zone manufacturing firms perspectives. The paper contains five parts; part one about the introduction section comprising of background of the study, problem statement, objectives, significance, and scope of the study, part two empirical and theoretical literature, part three the research methodology, part four the analysis of data, and part five summary of major findings, conclusion, and recommendation. Both primary and secondary data was utilized for the accomplishment of the intended objectives. The secondary data focused on the macro economic factors those are perceived to affect the smooth functioning of private investment and show the future potential of the private investment section. The totals of 34 manufacturing firms are surveyed in the paper using census method. In the time series data 10 years data was utilized and the investment distribution by sector and by region was also analyzed. The findings of the study showed that the distribution of investment both by sector and region was not fair enough. The macro economic factors can determine the growth of the private investment including the expansion of public investment. According to the findings in this paper distribution of investment by region was dominated by Addis Ababa (69.7%), Oromia, Amhara, Dire dawa, and SNNP regions took the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and the 5th ranks. The distribution by sector showed that rent, real estate, and business activities takes the highest investment with about 61.3% and Hotel and restaurant takes the lowest portion of investment with about 3% and the manufacturing sector takes the second rank with not more than 14.3% but in terms of approved project capitals the manufacturing takes the largest portion with about 31.6%. Lack of demand, getting credit, higher level of interest, infrastructure are among the major obstacles for private investment. Moreover the uncertainty variables can highly affect the investment sector. Demand uncertainty, interest rate uncertainty, and foreign exchange rate uncertainty variables are the major factors those affect the private investment sector. Macro-economic variables and the expansion of public investment affect the expansion of the private investment as the finding showed in this paper.

Explaining the Decline of European Social Democracy: The Role of Structural Economic Change

1995 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Pontusson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Social Democratic

Using a number of different quantitative measures, this article demonstrates that variations in the degree of social democratic decline in nine European countries can be viewed in large measure as a product of two structural economic changes: (1) the shift to smaller units of production; and (2) the growth of private nonindustrial employment. The article explores several causal arguments linking these variables to social democratic decline, and it marshals Swedish and British time-series data to show that the distribution of manufacturing employment by production unit helps explain both the rise and the decline of social democracy.

scholarly journals Supply Response of Milk Producers to Economic and Non-Economic Factors in Swaziland

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Micah Bheki Masuku ◽  
Mlungisi C. Sukati ◽  
Jeremiah I Rugambisa
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Supply Response ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Short Run

Supply response indicates the output change due to the change in price and non-price factors. The main aim of this study was to analyse the supply response of milk producers to various economic and non-economic factors. The specific objectives were to determine the responsiveness of milk supply in Swaziland to price and its substitute price (milk powder) and to examine the responsiveness of milk producers to non-economic factors such as rainfall, technology and dairy cattle inventory. The study used time series data from 2010 to 2014 and each year was given in months in-order to have 60 data points. Several techniques relevant for analysing time series data were employed, which included testing for stationarity of the data, checking if the independent variables if are able to explain the dependent variable (cointegration), running the long-run regression, then dropping some of the residuals which were not significant, after which the Vector Error-Correction Model and the diagnostic tests were conducted. Such analysis included the formal test for stationarity. The Johansen cointegration test was used which provided evidence of cointegration between Milk Output and its determinants. The long-run regression results revealed that Milk Powder Output and Milk Powder Price are significant in determining milk response in the long-run in Swaziland with the elasticities of -0.48 and -0.92 respectively, while the short-run coefficients were-0.21 and -0.70 respectively. Both variable were significant at 1% in the short-run and only the Milk Output was significant at 5% (P>0.05) in the short-run. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) came out with the correct -0.129 implying that only 12.9% of the shocks will be adjusted back to the long-run path within a month. The study therefore, recommended that the Swaziland Government should promote local market share and purpose policies to decrease the country’s reliance to imported dairy products, which negatively affects economic development.

scholarly journals Social and Economic Factors Associated with the Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages in Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Gabith M. Quispe Fernandez ◽  
Vicente Marlon Villa Villa ◽  
Otto Eulogio Arellano Cepeda ◽  
Dante Ayaviri Nina ◽  
Rodrigo Velarde Flores
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
University Students ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
National University ◽  
Data Collection Instrument

The objective of the research is to determine the social and economic factors associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages and their impact on professional training through the fulfillment of academic activities of university students. It uses the deductive method, and has a descriptive level (factorial and discriminant analysis) and explanatory level (regression analysis). The questionnaire was applied as a data collection instrument, which has an index of Cronbach’s alpha of 0.745. It is applied to a sample of 98 students from a total population of 9,194 from the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador. The results show that the alcohol consumption in university students depends significantly on the age that begins to consume, gender, marital status and frequency of consumption; there are social and economic factors associated with alcohol consumption; a high incidence of alcohol consumption in compliance with academic obligations in the professional training process.

scholarly journals Emotion Dynamics as Predictors of Drinking Behavior: Idiographic and Pooled Approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leighann Ashlock ◽  
Peter D. Soyster ◽  
Aaron Jason Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
The Mean ◽  
R Value

The specific factors driving alcohol-related behavior and cognition likely vary from person to person. Many theories suggest emotions are pertinent to alcohol use. Emotions and how they change over time may provide an opportunity for more precise prediction of alcohol consumption. The present study applied statistical classification methods to idiographic time series data of emotions and emotion dynamics in order to identify person-specific and between-subjects predictors of future drinking-relevant behavior, affect, and cognition (N = 33). Participants were sent eight mobile phone surveys per day for 15 days. Each survey assessed the number of drinks consumed since the previous survey, as well as emotions, alcohol craving, and the desire to drink. Each participant’s EMA data were prepared for analysis separately. To estimate emotion dynamics, we utilized the Generalized Local Linear Approximation. The data collected from each individual were split into training and testing sets for out-of-sample, person-specific validation. Elastic net regularization was used to select a subset of emotion and emotion dynamic variables to be used in models that predicted either alcohol consumption, craving, or wanting to drink roughly two hours in the future. To compare predictive performance, we tested both person-specific and between-subject prediction models. Averaging across participants, out-of-sample predictions of future drinking using idiographic models were 69% accurate. For craving, the mean out-of-sample R² value was .13. For wanting to drink, the mean out-of-sample R² value was .16. Idiographic prediction models exceeded nomothetic models in prediction accuracy. Using person-specific emotion and emotion dynamics can help predict future drinking behaviors.

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