Negotiating knowledge claims: Students’ assertions in classroom interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Skarbø Solem
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Classroom Interactions ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Epistemic Stance ◽  
Knowledge Claims

This study examines interactional sequences in which students make assertions about topic-relevant matters in classroom interactions. Using a Conversation Analytical approach, I show how the students’ knowledge claims lead to negotiations of sequential and epistemic rights to make such claims. Through these negotiations, the students upgrade their epistemic stance by repeating or backing their claims with accounts and providing evidence of them. The teachers’ acceptance or rejection of the students’ initiatives displays an orientation to the sequential and topical relevance of the information provided by the students. This study contributes to a better understanding of student initiatives in the classroom, a topic that until now has received scarce attention. Additionally, it contributes knowledge about the negotiation of epistemic authority in relation to assertions and their responses, which may have more general implications for the study of talk-in-interaction.

Knowledge negotiation and interactional power: epistemic stances in Arabic–Swedish antenatal care consultations

Multilingua ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stina Ericsson ◽  
Dima Bitar ◽  
Tommaso Milani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Epistemic Stance ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Epistemic Stances

Abstract This article concerns knowledge negotiations as an aspect of interactional power in three-way interaction between Arabic-speaking women, Swedish-speaking midwives and interpreters in Swedish antenatal care. The notion of epistemic stance is used to investigate how all three participants negotiate knowledge, and how this affects the ongoing consultation. The data consist of audio recordings of 33 consultations, involving five midwives. Using an interaction analytical approach, the study focuses on sequences where the pregnant woman makes her voice heard, possibly challenging the midwife or the Swedish antenatal care programme. Three different ways in which the epistemic stances of the participants unfold interactionally are analysed: (1) the midwife and the pregnant woman mutually adjusting their knowledge claims, (2) the pregnant woman unsuccessfully attempting to claim knowledge and (3) participants jointly asserting the midwife’s knowledge. Importantly, all three participants wield their interactional power through various ways of negotiating knowledge, which contrasts with the idea of the interpreter as fully neutral and detached. The knowledge claims of the pregnant women and the midwives in the data are also shown to be highly dependent on the interpreters’ competence and performance.

Polar answers and epistemic stance in Greek conversation

Pragmatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Alvanoudi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Epistemic Stance

Abstract This conversation analytic study examines the linguistic resources for indexing epistemic stance in second position in question sequences in Greek conversation. It targets three formats for providing affirming/confirming answers to polar questions: unmarked and marked positive response tokens, and repetitions. It is shown that the three formats display different functional distributions. Unmarked response tokens do ‘simple’ answering, marked response tokens provide overt confirmations, and repetitional answers assert the respondent’s epistemic authority besides confirming the question’s proposition. Unmarked and marked response tokens accept the questioner’s epistemic stance, whereas repetitional answers may accept or resist the epistemic terms of the question, depending on the action being implemented by the question. This study sheds light on the organization of questioning and answering in Greek conversation and the role of epistemics in the design of polar answers.

The ubiquity of epistemics: A rebuttal to the ‘epistemics of epistemics’ group

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Heritage
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Sequence Organization ◽  
Epistemic Stance ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Proof Procedure ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Hidden Orders ◽  
Knowledge Claims

In 2016, Discourse Studies published a special issue on the ‘epistemics of epistemics’ comprising six papers, all of which took issue with a strand of my research on how knowledge claims are asserted, implemented and contested through facets of turn design and sequence organization. Apparently coordinated through some years of discussion, the critique is nonetheless somewhat confused and confusing. In this article, I take up some of more prominent elements of the critique: (a) my work is ‘cognitivist’ substituting causal psychological analysis for the classic conversation analytic (CA) focus on the normative accountability of social action, (b) my work devalues and indeed flouts basic tenets of CA methodology such as the ‘next-turn proof procedure’, (c) my analysis of epistemic stance introduces unwarranted themes of conflict and hostility into CA thinking, (d) various concepts that I have introduced involve the invocation of ‘hidden orders’ of social conduct that is inimical to the traditions of our field and (e) that my work rests on an unwarranted ‘informationism’ – the discredited idea that much of human interaction is driven by a need to traffic in information. In this rebuttal, I refute all of these commentaries and correct many other ancillary mistakes of representation and reasoning that inhabit these papers.

Modified resayings of reported speech in Mandarin conversation

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Epistemic Stance ◽  
Prior Report ◽  
Mandarin Conversation

This article examines how and why participants in conversation modify the reported speech made by another speaker, and proffer a second saying in subsequent talk. Two types of modified reportings are identified: (1) explicit modifications, and (2) implicit modifications. Both types are shown to treat the first reported speech as inadequate, and lay claim to speaker’s epistemic authority or priority over the reported talk vis-a-vis other interlocutors. Further, explicit modifications of a prior report generally display a stronger epistemic stance than implicit modifications.

Epistemics in social interaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Drew
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Epistemic Stance ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
States Of Knowledge

My argument here is principally that the ubiquity of (the relevance of) epistemics is evident in the ways in which knowledge claims and attributions of knowledge to self and other (1) are embedded in turns and sequences, (2) inform the design of turns at talk, (3) are amended in the corrections that speakers sometimes make, to change from one epistemic stance to another (e.g. from K+ to K−), and (4) are contested, in the occasional ‘struggles’ between participants, as to which of them has epistemic primacy. I show that these cannot be understood in cognitive terms; furthermore, I show that epistemics – again the attribution of knowledge to self and other – is ‘real’ for participants. That is, in these four practices and aspects of interaction (i.e. embedding, turn design, correction and contesting) it is evident that participants orient to their states of knowledge relative to one another, on a moment-by-moment, turn-by-turn basis.

scholarly journals Couples living with dementia managing conflicting knowledge claims

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Dalby Landmark ◽  
Elin Nilsson ◽  
Anna Ekström ◽  
Jan Svennevig
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Study ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Knowledge Claims

This conversation analytic study investigates how couples manage conflicting knowledge claims when one of the persons has dementia (PWD). The data are video-recordings of 16 couples talking with a third party. The analysis focuses on the negotiation of epistemic rights, more precisely how partners initiate repair and correct claims made by the PWD on matters belonging to the latter’s epistemic domain. We identified three main practices for correcting the PWD: (1) correcting the statement, thereby claiming epistemic authority for oneself and denying it to the PWD, (2) inviting the PWD to self-correct, thereby attributing some epistemic authority to the PWD, and (3) disagreeing and providing reasons for one’s alternative claim, establishing a more symmetric epistemic gradient. The PWDs responses to the corrections displayed different degrees of acceptance, ranging from self-denigration to resistance and insistence.

scholarly journals Participatory Designs and Epistemic Authority in Knowledge Platforms for Sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Alejandro Esguerra ◽  
Sandra van der Hel
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Scientific Autonomy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Sustainability Governance ◽  
Knowledge Claims

Expert organizations increasingly adopt participatory strategies to strengthen their knowledge claims. We introduce the notion of knowledge platforms for sustainability to conceptualize expert organizations that not only rhetorically embrace but also actively attempt to institutionalize the norm of stakeholder participation in seeking authority in sustainability governance. In doing so, they encounter a tension between the ambition of stakeholder participation and conventional foundations of epistemic authority, such as scientific autonomy and consensus. Taking this tension as a starting point, we utilize a dynamic perspective on epistemic authority to investigate the contestations over institutional designs. We compare the institutionalization of participation in two knowledge platforms for sustainability—the Intergovernmental Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, and Future Earth. Our comparison reveals that institutional designs for participation open up the process of knowledge creation and evaluation. Yet, in seeking epistemic authority, knowledge platforms also reinforce existing power structures by redrawing boundaries that protect scientific autonomy and privilege relationships with elite actors.

The Dynamics of TAT Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Verdon ◽  
Catherine Chabert ◽  
Catherine Azoulay ◽  
Michèle Emmanuelli ◽  
Françoise Neau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Projective Tests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Latent Content ◽  
Rigorous Method

After many years of clinical practice, research and the teaching of projective tests, Shentoub and her colleagues (Debray, Brelet, Chabert & al.) put forward an original and rigorous method of analysis and interpretation of the TAT protocols in terms of psychoanalysis and clinical psychopathology. They developed the TAT process theory in order to understand how the subject builds a narrative. Our article will emphasize the source of the analytical approach developed by V. Shentoub in the 1950s to current research; the necessity of marking the boundary between the manifest and latent content in the cards; the procedure for analyzing the narrative, supported by an analysis sheet for understanding the stories' structure and identifying the defense mechanisms; and how developing hypotheses about how the mental functions are organized, as well as their potential psychopathological characteristics; and the formulation of a diagnosis in psychodynamic terms. In conjunction with the analysis and interpretation of the Rorschach test, this approach allows us to develop an overview of the subject's mental functioning, taking into account both the psychopathological elements that may threaten the subject and the potential for a therapeutic process. We will illustrate this by comparing neurotic, borderline, and psychotic personalities.

Maxim Berezovsky C-dur symphony in a context of new biographical scenario of artist’s life-creativity

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Olha Shumilina
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Spiritual Direction ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Orchestral Music ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Mental Modeling ◽  
Independent Work

Relevance of the study. The article studies recently found symphony of the prominent Ukrainian composer of the second half of the eighteenth century Maxim Berezovsky. He is widely known now as the author of cyclic spiritual concerts written for the Orthodox worship, and is practically unknown as a musician instrumentalist associated with the imperial theater and the court musical life. The work of M. Berezovsky as a secular musician determined the creative interest in composing instrumental music intended for secular chamber and orchestral music. Main objective of the article is a clarification of M.Berezovsky symphony as one of secular field artworks in the light of new summaries about artist’s life-creativity. Methodology. Taking into account peculiarities of the material and the analytical approach to its study, the methods of theoretical research have been chosen(abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, mental modeling, ascension from abstract to concrete, etc.). Conclusions. As a result of a study the symphony analysis in a context of new authentic statements about M.Berezovsky’s life-creativity. It was stated that this artwork was written not accidentally and detects absolute awareness of the artist in all composer’s niceties – how to build a topic and build a homophonic construction based on it, in a technique of orchestral construction, form creations of that time and etc. From the beginning of his creative career, M. Berezovsky was well aware of the possibilities of the orchestra as a performer, attached to the Italian opera and instrumental music. Symphony enriches our imagination about the works of M. Berezovsky in the field of secular instrumental and operatic music and extends the range of works of the artist beyond the spiritual direction. Some signs indicate that the Symphony was not an independent work, but an overture to the opera Demofont.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document