Segment IV Approach is Useful for Whole-Layer Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Gallbladder Polyps

Background Whole-layer laparoscopic cholecystectomy (W-LC) has recently been advocated as a total biopsy for potentially malignant neoplasms of the gallbladder; however, it is not an injury-proof procedure. This study reports W-LC using the segment IV approach (technique for securing the whole-layer gallbladder at the medial origin of the cystic plate).MethodsTwenty among twenty-five patients diagnosed with potentially malignant gallbladder polyps underwent this technique.ResultsMostly, W-LC was performed successfully (median operative time 135 min) without intraoperative and postoperative complications. Pathological findings indicated that cholesteric polyps was the most common type (n=13), followed by adenomatous polyps (25%) and carcinoma in situ (5%).ConclusionsWe conclude that the segment IV approach is appropriate for performing total biopsy in patients diagnosed with potentially malignant gallbladder polyps.

Use of electronic evidence by refugees in civil procedure

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current legislation that regulates the submission of refugees to court and the study of electronic evidence by courts in civil proceedings, outline the existing problems of using electronic evidence in court proceedings and analysis of court practice of electronic evidence. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of existing scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions. During the research the methods of scientific cognition were used: comparative-legal, logical-semantic, functional, logical-normative. Results. The study found that the use of electronic evidence, on the one hand, has simplified the proof procedure for refugees, but on the other hand, problems remain. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research it was established that for the full use of electronic evidence in Ukraine it is expedient to refine the information and telecommunication systems of courts, to provide courts with appropriate material and technical base, which would allow unhindered research of electronic evidence. Practical significance. The significance of the study is determined by the fact that the scientific results provide a basis for improving the legislation on the use of electronic evidence by refugees in Ukraine.

KeyFinder: An Efficient Minimal Keys Finding Algorithm For Relational Databases

In relational databases, it is essential to know all minimal keys since the concept of database normaliza-tion is based on keys and functional dependencies of a relation schema. Existing algorithms for determining keysor computing the closure of arbitrary sets of attributes are generally time-consuming. In this paper we present anefficient algorithm, called KeyFinder, for solving the key-finding problem. We also propose a more direct methodfor computing the closure of a set of attributes. KeyFinder is based on a powerful proof procedure for findingkeys called tableaux. Experimental results show that KeyFinder outperforms its predecessors in terms of searchspace and execution time.

Nonground Abductive Logic Programming with Probabilistic Integrity Constraints

Uncertain information is being taken into account in an increasing number of application fields. In the meantime, abduction has been proved a powerful tool for handling hypothetical reasoning and incomplete knowledge. Probabilistic logical models are a suitable framework to handle uncertain information, and in the last decade many probabilistic logical languages have been proposed, as well as inference and learning systems for them. In the realm of Abductive Logic Programming (ALP), a variety of proof procedures have been defined as well. In this paper, we consider a richer logic language, coping with probabilistic abduction with variables. In particular, we consider an ALP program enriched with integrity constraints à la IFF, possibly annotated with a probability value. We first present the overall abductive language and its semantics according to the Distribution Semantics. We then introduce a proof procedure, obtained by extending one previously presented, and prove its soundness and completeness.

ARL Estimation of the Control Chart of Log Likelihood Ratios’ Sum for Markov Sequence

To evaluate the surveillance performance of a control chart with the charting statistic of the sum of log likelihood ratios in the statistical process control (SPC), in this paper, we give the proof procedure based on Markov chains for the asymptotic estimation of the average run length (ARL) for this kind of chart. The out-of-control ARL 1 is approximately equal to 1 for any fixed in-control ARL 0 with a negative control limit. By the equivalence between limit distribution of a sum and that of a suprema sum of Markov chain, we derive the estimation of ARL 1 with a large enough positive control limit. Numerical experiments are conducted to confirm our results.

Dischargeable Obligations in the 𝒮CIFF Framework

Abductive Logic Programming (ALP) has been proven very effective for formalizing societies of agents, commitments and norms, in particular by mapping the most common deontic operators (obligation, prohibition, permission) to abductive expectations. In our previous works, we have shown that ALP is a suitable framework for representing norms. Normative reasoning and query answering were accommodated by the same abductive proof procedure, named 𝒮CIFF. In this work, we introduce a defeasible flavour in this framework, in order to possibly discharge obligations in some scenarios. Abductive expectations can also be qualified as dischargeable, in the new, extended syntax. Both declarative and operational semantics are improved accordingly, and proof of soundness is given under syntax allowedness conditions Moreover, the dischargement itself might be proved invalid, or incoherent with the rules, due to new knowledge provided later on. In such a case, a discharged expectation might be reinstated and hold again after some evidence is given. We extend the notion of dischargement to take into consideration also the reinstatement of expectations. The expressiveness and power of the extended framework, named 𝒮CIFF𝒟, is shown by modeling and reasoning upon a fragment of the Japanese Civil Code. In particular, we consider a case study concerning manifestations of intention and their rescission (Section II of the Japanese Civil Code).

FORMATION OF CRIMINALISTICS AND FORENSIC DIDACTICS IN UKRAINE

The article is devoted to formation, development and current status of criminalistics as a science and academic discipline in Ukraine. Attention is drawn to some trends in criminalistics in modern conditions. The variability of forensic knowledge is associated with the scientific and technological progress of modern society. Special attention is drawn to the role of criminalistics in scientific support of not only proof procedure, but also of various law enforcement procedures. The use of forensic knowledge is relevant in the practical activities of various lawyers: prosecutor, investigator, detective, judge, lawyer, notary, legal adviser, etc. The relationship between activities optimization of the court and law enforcement agencies with introduction of criminalistics innovations is established. The approaches to teaching criminalistics for law students in Ukrainian universities are considered. The necessity of teaching criminalistics to law students of various specializations is substantiated. The volume of workload, period of study, forms of education, information transfer methods, methods of mastering practical skills are defined as parameters for teaching criminalistics and criminalistics disciplines. The role of modernized methods in teaching criminalistics is justified. The following modernized methods are defined: business games, solving non-standard cognitive tasks, quick tests, the use of multimedia tools and electronic data base, technical tools, etc. The possibilities of using the criminalistics training ground and criminalistics museum in the course of practical seminars and laboratory works are demonstrated.

A Modern Mechanisam and Functioning of Bus Transit using Rfid and Gps Based System

Right now present transport a framework which kept stationary at the transport stand and framework which kept at transport that can adequately assist general society with participating in transport transportation offices to its fullest. A transport that is coming toward the transport – stop is recognized by this traveller through one of a kind traveller card the subtleties of that specific transport is given to the traveller in plain view at transport stand. Transport area recognized utilizing GPS and same will be declare in Bus This data send to next bus station for travellers. The transport distinguishing proof procedure includes use of Radio Frequency innovation and transport subtleties are reported by Voice and showed in screen unit. Subtleties incorporate the specific situation of the transport, seat accessibility and absolute number of travellers. This data can be shown on screen or can be given as sound yield. Here both transport and transport stop is interconnected through IOT, here we use MQTT convention for correspondence.

THE CONCEPT OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE BOUNDARIES OF THEIR APPLICATION IN CIVIL AND ECONOMIC PROCEEDINGS

It is emphasized that the need to involve specialists who possess special knowledge appears when the participants of civil and economic proceedings lack their own capabilities and knowledge, available methods and technical means of the entity cognition of such an activity, skills in application of such means and methods are insufficient for the effective collection, analysis, evaluation and use of information, establishment of specific facts, identification of hidden links, properties, features of the studied objects, performance of other tasks. Taking into account the fact that the meaning of the term special knowledge can be most fully disclosed only in connection with the elements of the proof procedure in civil or economic proceedings, the interpretation of the concept special knowledge was analyzed by scientists. It is emphasized that a number of scientific papers, including dissertations, is devoted to consideration, analysis, and definition of the essence of the term special knowledge through disclosing its content. Therefore, the article highlighted particular positions of scientists and authors’ opinions regarding their point of view, the position of scientists in which the criteria considered that are used while studying and defining the essence of the concept special knowledge is suggested. It is stressed that the legal limits of the use of special knowledge in civil and economic proceedings are determined by the procedural law and court, taking into consideration the rules of correspondence, admissibility, reliability and sufficiency of evidence to resolve a particular civil case or commercial dispute. It is noted that the requirements for the above criteria are ensured in the procedural legislation and their detailed characteristics are given. It is established that the grounds for the use of special knowledge are formalized and include substantive and procedural grounds, in addition, their application requires the court to correctly determine the subject of proof in the case and identify the need to use special knowledge and skills of knowledgeable persons. The authors note that in economic and civil proceedings attention is focused on different purposes of involving specialists and forensic experts and, accordingly, on differences in procedural rights and responsibilities, as well as on the procedural significance of the results of such specialists’ use of their special knowledge.