The politics of prison air: Breath, smell, and wind in Myanmar prisons

2021 ◽  
pp. 146247452110243
Author(s):  
Tomas Max Martin

This article explores what air means and entails in penal settings and examines how carcerality attaches itself to air. With inspiration from social science approaches to the study of air, I propose that the lived experience of prison air can be fruitfully analyzed through the notions of breath, smell, and wind. This point is explored through two incidents about prison air drawn from ethnographic fieldwork in Myanmar. Together they illustrate a shift in Myanmar penality from a martial logic of destroying the enemy towards an internationally infused rationality of control and care. The first is a tale of an imprisoned engineer’s subversive effort to improve the air quality in prisons; the second, the design and building of tuberculosis wards in prisons that aim to bring prison air in line with international standards. The analysis of these incidents broadens the analytical sensorium of prison air by drawing attention to, on the one hand, a basic empirical and affective sensing of air, recognising air as a scarce and coveted resource that prison actors’ appropriate to survive. On the other hand, attention is drawn to the possibility of sensing with air, whereby the discourses, technologies, rules, and practices of air can be utilized as entry points for the analysis of prison governance and the transitional dynamics of penality.

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarke Nielsen

There has been much debate on ‘culturespeak’ and the politics of culture, but the bureaucratic articulation of specific representations of culture has not received much attention. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, this article presents a double take on bureaucracy. On the one hand, I focus on the outcome of UNESCO’s bureaucracy: UNESCO promotes an all-inclusive culture perspective for ‘We the Peoples of the United Nations’, but there are limits to tolerance in this culture ideology. On the other hand, I focus on the social and pragmatic adaptation to the bureaucratic field and towards UNESCO’s keywords, as they are embedded with institutional authority in everyday practice. In conclusion, I briefly situate UNESCO’s culture ideology in relation to questions of recognition and redistribution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (59) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Marcos Freire de Andrade Neves

Abstract On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization classified the COVID-19 emergency as a pandemic, a decision that was taken following the perception that the virus was both lethal and rapidly spreading. The role played by mortality and contagion in this pandemic narrative, thus, cannot be ignored. On the one hand, contagion acts as a transgressive category that is a main source of socio-political disruptions and a catalyst for new forms of sociality. On the other hand, the effectiveness and persuasiveness of mortality as a quantifiable reality overshadows death as lived experience, obfuscating a profound reorganisation of the ways death is managed and produced through the work of a whole professional segment. Hence, this article explores how the response to the COVID-19 pandemic is reshaping death as lived experience by transgressing categories of existence and reorganising the conditions under which death is managed and produced.


Author(s):  
Cossi Basile Medenou

La política acarrea a los actores todos tipos de situaciones: gloria, decadencia, goce, hasta la muerte. Este estudio de índole socio literaria realizado a base de la obra caballeresca El Cantar de Mío Cid, enfoca analizar las posibles variantes temporales y geográficas de esas peripecias por un lado, y por otro, comprobar si la política no puede hacerse sin escollos, o por lo menos dejar de contagiar otros sectores de la vida social. Lo llevamos a cabo con los métodos objetivo, comparativo, estético y analítico. Lo que ha desembocado en los resultados según los cuales: las peripecias de la política remontan a tiempos remotos; los escollos de las prácticas de esa ciencia social radican en la misma naturaleza compleja del hombre; las peripecias varían de carácter según factores geopolíticos; se puede evitar las tragedias causadas por la política si se consigue extirpar las maldades que estriban en la complejidad del ser humano, miembro de la sociedad que los políticos han de gestionar; si resulta difícil, aunque no imposible alcanzar ese objetivo, a los gobernantes les toca evitar que los demás sectores de la vida sean contagiados por los peligros de la política, para evitar que la vida social venga a ser insoportable. La politique, cause aux acteurs toutes sortes de situations: la gloire, la déchéance, la joie et même la mort. Cette étude socio littéraire réalisée à base de l’œuvre chevaleresque espagnole El cantar de Mío Cid, envisage analyser les possibles variantes temporelles et géographiques de ces péripéties d’une part, et d’autre part, prouver si la politique ne peut pas se faire sans écueils, ou tout au moins cesser de contaminer les autres secteurs de la vie sociale. Nous l’avons menée à bout par les méthodes objective, comparative, esthétique et analytique. Ce qui a débouché sur les résultats selon lesquels: les péripéties de la politique remontent à longtemps; les écueils des pratiques de cette science sociale relèvent de la nature complexe même de l’homme; mais les péripéties varient suivant des facteurs géopolitiques; on peut éviter les tragédies dues à la politique si on réussit à dépurer les mœurs politiques de la méchanceté qui trouve son origine dans la nature complexe de l’être humain, membre de la société que le politique est chargé de gérer; s’il s’avère difficile, mais pas impossible, d’atteindre cet objectif, il revient aux gouvernants d’éviter que les autres secteurs de la vie ne soient contaminés par les vices de la politique, afin que la vie sociale ne devienne invivable. Politics leads his actors to many kinds of situations: glory, social decline, joy, even death. This socio literary study based on the Spanish gentlemanly book El cantar de Mío Cid (The Poem of the Cid), has for purpose to analyze the possible temporal and geographical variants on the one hand, and on the other hand, to prove if politics cannot be done without pitfalls, or at least, stop polluting the other social life sectors. We carried it out with objective, comparative, esthetical and analytic heuristic methods. It turns out of our work that: political mishaps go back a long way; apart from that, the hurdles of that social science practices stem from human being complexity; but, politics’ ups and downs vary characters in accordance with our geopolitical analyzes; it’s possible to avoid tragedies caused by politics if we succeed in eradicating the wickedness lied in men’ complexity, in the society led by politicians; if it turn out difficult, even though no impossible, to achieve that objective, those who rule our countries must save the other sectors from political vices, not to make unbearable life in our societies. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0897/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>


Author(s):  
علي سلطاني العاتري

تمثِّل العلوم الاجتماعية المعاصرة ذات المنشأ الغربي تحدياً للعلماء والباحثين المسلمين في جوانب متعددة، منها قضية المصطلح. ولمواجهة هذا التحدي جرت محاولات متعددة تحت عناوين مختلفة منها التأصيل والأسلمة. وواجهت هذه المحاولات معارضة شديدة من دعاة التماهي بالفكر الغربي، من جهة، كما واجهت نقداً من داخل الدائرة الإسلامية نفسها من جهة أخرى، لما رآه الناقدون من مظاهر الخلل والقصور. وميدان الإعلام واحد من ميادين العلوم الاجتماعية التي لا يزال المصطلح فيها يمثل مشكلة في جهود التأصيل وبناء الرؤية الإسلامية. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مناقشة مصطلح "الإعلام الإسلامي" وما يثيره من إشكالات معرفية، وانعكاسات تطبيقية، جعلت المصطلح قاصراً عن أداء الوظيفة المنشودة منه في بناء العلم وتوظيفه في تحقيق مقاصد الإسلام في المجتمع البشري المعاصر. Contemporary social science with its Western-origin represents a challenge for Muslim scholars and researchers in various aspects, including the issue of terminology. To meet this challenge various attempts have been made under different titles, such as Islamization and establishing Islamic foundations. Such attempts has faced stiff opposition from advocates of identification with Western thought, on the one hand, and criticism from within the Islamic Circle itself on the other hand, because of what was seen as imbalance and deficiencies. Media is one of the fields of social science, in which the terminology is still a problem in building Islamic perspective and establishing Islamic foundations of the field. This study discusses the term "Islamic media", its epistemological problems, and practical implications; that makes the term unable to perform the desired function, especially in the construction of knowledge and using it to achieve Islamic objectives in the contemporary human society.


1976 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Horton

One of the most widely cited of recent writings on the borderland of philosophy and anthropology is Peter Winch's ‘Understanding a Primitive Society’ (referred to hereafter as UPS)(I). The main reason for the breadth of its appeal would seem to be a blend of general principle and particular application all too seldom found in the writings of philosophers of social science. Thus, on the one hand, Winch develops further some of the general principles of cross-cultural understanding which he first enunciated in his Idea of a Social Science (referred to hereafter as ISS) (2). And, on the other hand, he attempts to show us, in considerable detail, how these principles can be applied to the solution of a particularly vexing anthropological problem: that of interpreting ‘primitive’ mystical thought.


1973 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Rivlin

If you like your social science balanced and objective ("on the one hand, on the other hand") you will find this book infuriating. But you may be applying an irrelevant standard. This book does not pretend to be part of the tradition of balanced, objective social science in which the scholar hides (or claims to hide)his personal biases, and attempts to present all the evidence on both sides of a set of questions so that the reader may judge for himself. Rather it is part of what may be emerging as a new tradition of forensic social science in which scholars or teams of scholars take on the task of writing briefs for or against particular policy positions. They state what the position is and bring together all the evidence that supports their side of the argument, leaving to the brief writers of the other side the job of picking apart the case that has been presented and detailing the counter evidence.


Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.


2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.


2003 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Wynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Core ◽  

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Wahyudin Noor

Abstract Pesantren are often associated with backwardness and traditionalism in everything: facilities, technology, learning methods, and even the curriculum. For now, it seems like the traditional term for pesantren is no longer relevant enough. The pace of movement in the era of renewal marked by the rapid development of technology has demanded pesantren to make adjustments. However, on the one hand, when viewed from the direction of change, the reform efforts pursued by pesantren are not to erase the old tradition, but merely to add something new so that the old tradition and conditions can be maintained while accepting the presence of a new one. On the other hand, the reform efforts undertaken by pesantren have implications for the fact that the typical values of the pesantren are fading away. Abstrak  Pesantren seringkali diasosiasikan dengan keterbelakangan dan tradisional dalam segala hal: fasilitas, teknologi, metode pembelajaran, dan bahkan kurikulumnya. Untuk saat ini, sepertinya istilah tradisional untuk pesantren, sudah tidak lagi cukup relevan. Laju gerak pembaharuan zaman yang ditandai dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi telah menuntut pesantren untuk melakukan penyesuaian diri. Kendatipun demikian, di satu sisi, jika dilihat dari arah perubahan, upaya pembaharuan yang ditempuh pesantren tidaklah untuk menghapus tradisi yang lama, tetapi sekadar menambah dengan sesuatu yang baru sehingga tradisi maupun kondisi yang lama bisa dipertahankan sambil menerima kehadiran yang baru. Di sisi yang lain, upaya pembaharuan yang dilakukan pesantren ternyata berimplikasi pada kenyataan akan semakin pudarnya nilai-nilai khas yang dimiliki oleh pesantren.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document