Reading the represented city and society: signs, theory, and the dynamic interpretativeness of Peircean semiotics

2021 ◽  
pp. 146879412110634
Author(s):  
Hamed Goharipour ◽  
Huston Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Jane Jacobs ◽  
Final Interpretation ◽  
Death Wish ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City ◽  
Peircean Semiotics

In the era of visual media, cities, and society are represented, experienced, and interpreted through images. The need for interdisciplinary visual approaches, therefore, is indisputable. By focusing on cinema, this paper aims to develop a conceptual, methodological framework through which theory helps a broad range of researchers in social sciences, humanities, and arts interpret the represented phenomenon. Based on Peirce’s model of signs, the framework provides the basis for a dynamic interpretation of the city and society. This paper shows that Peircean cinesemiotics takes advantage of theory in three ways: First, as the basis that provides scholars with clues necessary for identifying eligible “image-signs”; second, as the guiding framework that helps them reach a final interpretation; third, as ideas are being criticized from visual perspectives. As an example of its application, using Jane Jacobs’ “The Death and Life of Great American Cities,” the final part of the paper applies Peircean cinesemiotics to an image-sign from Death Wish (2018) and interprets it as the representation of safety/crime in a neighborhood.

Outreach in Major American Cities

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Donald J. Cosentino
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State University ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Jane Jacobs ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Hill ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

The question immediately suggests itself: what constitutes a major American city? Subjectively, but with a long side glance at Jane Jacobs, I would define such a metropolitan area by several attributes. One obviously is population density, though the actual number of people that make up the city is less important than the diversity within the population that allows for a great diversity in culture. Major American cities are composed of many cultural, racial, and economic constituencies coexisting in a single polity. Thus, even though Peoria and San Francisco are dense population centers, one is a major farm town, and the other is a major city. This multiplicity of ethnic constituencies is reflected in a city’s educational, economic, religious, political, and cultural institutions which are likewise fragmented, though interdependent. Such cities with enormous and highly diverse constituencies are likely to be more self-sufficient culturally, politically, and economically than other American towns. They supply their own news and publications, stage their own cultural events, concentrate more on their own political processes, and establish autonomous norms of behavior. In fact, what happens in these cities more often creates the news, the culture, the mores, and the politics for the rest of the land. A university operating in such a milieu is not just a light on the hill. It is a constituency within a mosaic of constituencies. It is linked to those other constituencies politically, socially, culturally, and economically, just by being where it is. It must frequently act on an ad hoc basis, responding to requests and solicitations that are sometimes immediate, and sometimes imperative. The parameters of its actions are clearly traceable in the mosaic of relationships which describe the city. It is not as free as the state university in the college town to define its own program, but by its existential commitment to its locale it draws whatever important qualities it will have for itself, for its community, and for the nation.

scholarly journals Emergence and Uncertainty in Urban Landscapes A Model for the Toronto Public Landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek McEneaney
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Jane Jacobs ◽  
Landscape Urbanism ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

This thesis was initially predicated on early research carried out on Toronto's Public Open Space - in quite a broad framework. Texts based on the topic of Toronto's formation and its policy on public open space from the earlier days surrounding Lord Simcoe's first plans of the city provided a point of departure for the research. OMA and Bruce Mau in their design entry to the Downsview Park competition offered further insight into the perceptions and policy of Toronto in relation to public parks and lack of investment and maintenance. While other contributors on the topic of Toronto included Robert Fulford (Accidental City), Mark Osbaldeston (Unbuilt Toronto: a History of the City That Might Have Been), Jane Jacobs (Death and LIfe of Great American Cities), Howard Moscoe (Councillor Moscoe and his views of the city), Rob Ford and many others offered unforeseen accounts or facts on the city over the past century. Such people and the views they have published defend the very reason for the selection of Toronto as the subject of this research. Coinciding with the topic of Toronto, the recent emergence of the discipline of Landscape Urbanism and the capabilities of landscape in dealing with Modern and Post-modern failings within the city was deemed very early on to be the platform or medium upon which to offer any solution to the research on Toronto. Charles Waldheim, Professor and Chair of the Landscape Architecture Department at the Graduate School of Design in Harvard University, has on occasion referred to his term Landscape Urbanism as follows: Across a diverse spectrum of cultural positions landscape has emerged as the most relevant medium through which to construct a meaningful and viable public realm in North American cities. (Waldheim, C. 2006. p.41)

scholarly journals Emergence and Uncertainty in Urban Landscapes A Model for the Toronto Public Landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek McEneaney
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Jane Jacobs ◽  
Landscape Urbanism ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

This thesis was initially predicated on early research carried out on Toronto's Public Open Space - in quite a broad framework. Texts based on the topic of Toronto's formation and its policy on public open space from the earlier days surrounding Lord Simcoe's first plans of the city provided a point of departure for the research. OMA and Bruce Mau in their design entry to the Downsview Park competition offered further insight into the perceptions and policy of Toronto in relation to public parks and lack of investment and maintenance. While other contributors on the topic of Toronto included Robert Fulford (Accidental City), Mark Osbaldeston (Unbuilt Toronto: a History of the City That Might Have Been), Jane Jacobs (Death and LIfe of Great American Cities), Howard Moscoe (Councillor Moscoe and his views of the city), Rob Ford and many others offered unforeseen accounts or facts on the city over the past century. Such people and the views they have published defend the very reason for the selection of Toronto as the subject of this research. Coinciding with the topic of Toronto, the recent emergence of the discipline of Landscape Urbanism and the capabilities of landscape in dealing with Modern and Post-modern failings within the city was deemed very early on to be the platform or medium upon which to offer any solution to the research on Toronto. Charles Waldheim, Professor and Chair of the Landscape Architecture Department at the Graduate School of Design in Harvard University, has on occasion referred to his term Landscape Urbanism as follows: Across a diverse spectrum of cultural positions landscape has emerged as the most relevant medium through which to construct a meaningful and viable public realm in North American cities. (Waldheim, C. 2006. p.41)

scholarly journals Kota yang Teratur sebagai Kesan Kota yang Baru

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Wakhidah Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Good Image ◽  
Jane Jacobs ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

Pandangan rata-rata masyarakat terhadap suatu kota (image kota) memiliki peran penting dalammemberikan kebanggaan dan kenyamanan hidup warga, dan menjadi nilai jual untuk menarikpengunjung investasi. Image kota dapat berkesan baik, buruk, dan campuran keduanya, bergantungpada kondisi visual (eyes on a street) dan perilaku masyarakatnya. Dalam buku The Death and Life ofGreat American Cities, Jane Jacobs (1969) mengatakan: If a city’s streets look interesting, the city looksinteresting; if they look dull, the city looks dull. Hal ini menjadi justifikasi pentingnya kualitas visual ruangluar (dalam hal ini jalan) sebagai bagian dari image suatu kota. Singapura dipandang sebagai salah satukota dunia yang memiliki kesan kota terbaik. Singapura terkenal sebagai kota yang teratur dan tertibmelalui penegakan aturan denda bagi para pelanggar aturan sehingga mendapatkan gelar ‘the fine city’.Denda tersebut berfungsi sebagai punishment bagi warga yang tidak taat dan alat kontrol keteraturankota melalui penggunaan kamera pengawas di pelosok kota. Edukasi peraturan juga dilaksanakandengan baik sehingga masyarakat Singapura tetap nyaman beraktivitas tanpa merasa tertekan. Lainhalnya dengan Indonesia, banyak kota kita yang memiliki image visual semrawut karena lemahnyapenegakan peraturan kota sehingga terkesan menjadi sesuatu yang tidak mengikat. Untuk mendapatkankembali good image suatu kota, kota-kota kita harus menjadikan peraturan sebagai landasan berpikirbaru bagi keindahan kota.Kata kunci: kota teratur, good image, denda

Урбанистика. Функциональные компоненты интеллектуальных территорий// Social Sciences: Achievements and Prospects Journal 6 (14), 2019/ RELF Group & OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Mark Freeman - Barcelona, Spain. 16.09.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - PP. 19-36.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Агриппина Александровна Дорофеева ◽  
Алексей Валерьевич Алтухов ◽  
Алексей Дмитриевич Федоров
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
European Academy ◽  
The City

Городская среда один из важнейших предметов исследования урбанистики, рассматривается как целостный природно-антропогенный комплекс, подкрепленный развитыми технологическим, научным, производственным, социально-культурным потенциалом города. The urban environment is an integral natural and anthropogenic complex, supported by developed technological, scientific, industrial, social and cultural potentials of the city.

Categorias analíticas do espaço e Turismo: o exemplo da Fortaleza de Santa Cruz, Niterói/RJ

GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ângelo Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Spatial Dynamic ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
The City

O objetivo que permeia a presente pesquisa é utilizar a Fortaleza de Santa Cruz, localizada no bairro de Jurujuba, em Niterói, construída em 1555, na entrada da barra da Baía de Guanabara, como foco de antílise, ressaltando a importância deste fixo social enquanto atração turística e de lazer, incluindo a cidade de Niterói no circuito destas atividades, complementares à cidade do Rio de Janeiro; além de abordar conceitos e categorias analíticas, oriundos das ciências sociais, principalmente provenientes da Geografia, pertinentes ao estudo das atividades em tela. Neste contexto, na dinâmica espacial da cidade de Niterói, o processo de mudança de função dos fixos sociais têm sido extraordinário. Residencias unifamiliares, prédios e até mesmo fortificações militares, verdadeiras monumentalidades, foram refuncionalizadas, passando por um processo de turistificação. Assim, a refuncionalização da respectiva Fortaleza em espaço cultural toma-se um importante atrativo da história, do patrimônio, da cultura, marcando no espaço urbano sua expressões e monumentalidade, criada pelo homem como símbolo de seus ideais, objetivos e atos, constituindo-se em um legado as gerações futuras, formando um elo entre passado, presente e futuro. Abstract This paper focuses on Santa Cruz Fortress, built in 1555 in Jurujuba (Niterói), to guard the entrance of Guanabara bay, and stresses its role as a towist attraction and leisure' area, as a social fix which links the city of Niterói to the complementary circuit of these activities in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The study uses important concepts and analytic categories fiom social sciences, particularly fiom Geography.In the spatial dynamic of the city of Niterói, change in functions of social fuces has been extraordinary. Single-family dwellings, buildings and even military installations have been re-functionalized, undergoing a process of touristification. In that way, the refunctionalization of the Fortress as a cultural space provides an important attraction in the domains of history, patrimony, and culture, providing the urban space with an expression of monumentality, created by man as a symbol of his ideals, aims and actions, a legacy to future generations forming a link between past, present and future.

Latin American Cities: Aspects of Function and Structure

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
New World ◽  
American City ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

This essay will advance two interrelated hypotheses about the Latin American city. The first of them has to do with the role of the city in the settlement of the New World. The second suggests certain characteristics of the modern Latin American metropolis.

Movimiento Hip Hop en Ciudad de Punta Arenas. / Hip Hop Culture in Punta Arenas

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (06) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Pablo Tascón España
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Hip Hop Culture ◽  
Current Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Root ◽  
The City

El presente estudio busca comprender bajo un enfoque naturalista cómo en un periodo denominado por autores de las Ciencias Sociales ( Bajoit, 2009; Sandoval, 2010) de “cambio cultural”, emerge el movimiento Hip Hop y su particular forma de expresión en la ciudad de Punta Arenas. La investigación tiene un objetivo central y busca interpretar la relación entre la expresión contracultural y los jóvenes que son parte de tal, como así también sus significados respecto al ser actores del mismo. La investigación pretende identificar, entonces, la lógica de acción actual de los jóvenes y a su vez dilucidar si existe relación o no con la raíz histórica del movimiento Hip Hop, es decir una expresión de disidencia en razón de la estructura social establecida y las contradicciones que afloran de la misma. The following study aims to understand under the naturalist approach how in a period called for authors of the social sciences (Bajoit, 2009; Sandoval, 2010) of “cultural change”, emerges the Hip Hop movement and its particular form of expression in the city of Punta Arenas. The research has a main objective and seeks to interpret the relation between the expression counterculture and the young people that are part of it, likewise the meaning concerning to be actors of it. The research pretends to identify the logic of current action of the youngsters and at the same time elucidate if there is a relation or not with the historical root of the movement “Hip Hop”, i.e. an expression of dissent aiming with the social structure established and the contradictions that came out from itself.

scholarly journals The Scope of Earth-Observation to Improve the Consistency of the SDG Slum Indicator

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kuffer ◽  
Jiong Wang ◽  
Michael Nagenborg ◽  
Karin Pfeffer ◽  
Divyani Kohli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Data Provision ◽  
And Performance ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

The continuous increase in deprived living conditions in many cities of the Global South contradicts efforts to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable places. Using examples of Asian, African, and Latin American cities, this study shows the scope and limits of earth observation (EO)-based mapping of deprived living conditions in support of providing consistent global information for the SDG indicator 11.1.1 “proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing”. At the technical level, we compare several EO-based methods and imagery for mapping deprived living conditions, discussing their ability to map such areas including differences in terms of accuracy and performance at the city scale. At the operational level, we compare available municipal maps showing identified deprived areas with the spatial extent of morphological mapped areas of deprived living conditions (using EO) at the city scale, discussing the reasons for inconsistencies between municipal and EO-based maps. We provide an outlook on how EO-based mapping of deprived living conditions could contribute to a global spatial information base to support targeting of deprived living conditions in support of the SDG Goal 11.1.1 indicator, when uncertainties and ethical considerations on data provision are well addressed.

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