On the Energy Efficiency Design Index of Ro-Ro passenger and Ro-Ro cargo ships

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimilia G Alisafaki ◽  
Apostolos D Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Specific Correction

This study proposes alternative formulations of the ship-specific correction factor ( fjRoRo) pertaining to Ro-Ro cargo and Ro-Ro passenger ships, as defined in the Energy Efficiency Design Index equation according to the International Maritime Organization Resolution MEPC 245(66). The alternative formulations were derived by studying a large sample of Ro-Ro cargo ships and Ro-Ro passenger ships, built between the years 1990 and 2012. The estimation of ships’ resistance and powering was conducted by application of Holtrop’s method. The obtained formulae’s exponent values were compared with the corresponding ones from latest International Maritime Organization studies on Energy Efficiency Design Index and they appear to better represent the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the operating fleet of Ro-Ro cargo and Ro-Ro passenger ships. Derived formulae may also be used in the frame of parametric design optimization of Ro-Ro ships.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of a passenger ship in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol XXIII (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Aydɪn Tokuslu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Harmful Effects

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced a new measure in 2011 with a set of technical innovation and performance standards to increase the energy efficiency of new ships at the design stage and aim to reduce CO2 emissions. This new measure is called Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and this became a fast key instrument for the ships to be energy efficient. In this paper, one of the passenger ships in the Istanbul Strait was investigated and its emissions were estimated. The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) of the ship was calculated. EEDI formula equations based on the study of passenger ships have been compared with the IMO other ship equations and some useful proposals have been presented to reduce the harmful effects of CO2 exhaust gas emission.

Revised energy efficiency design index parameters for inland cargo ships of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Rashidul Hasan ◽  
Md Mashud Karim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Real Data ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Water Effects ◽  
Will Force ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
The One ◽  
Index Curve

A generalized CO2 emission benchmark (energy efficiency design index) cannot be established for inland ships in a similar fashion like the one established by International Maritime Organization for seagoing vessels. Difference in environmental, geographical and economic conditions, for example, shallow and restricted water effects, different fuel quality (to reduce operational cost), reduction in speed, increase in engine power, reduction in carrying capacity and cargo availability, forbids the direct use of energy efficiency design index as formulated by International Maritime Organization. These conditions have been addressed at first in this research, and revision of some parameters is presented for calculating energy efficiency design index for inland cargo ships of Bangladesh. Moreover, the ship data stored at different organizations of Bangladesh deviate from the existing ship data. As a result, the collected data have undergone through several verification processes. Based on the verified real data, CO2 emission benchmark for inland cargo ships of Bangladesh was established. This benchmark is one of the world’s first CO2 emission benchmark for inland cargo shipping. This benchmark will force ship designers of Bangladesh to design more energy efficient ships that will consume less energy per ton-mile. It is interesting to note that the energy efficiency design index curve for inland cargo ships using revised energy efficiency design index parameters is below the energy efficiency design index curve using International Maritime Organization formulation. The prime reasons behind this fact have also been explained in this research.

scholarly journals Modification of the EEDI for Ro-ro Passenger Ships

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Ancic ◽  
Ante Šestan ◽  
Nikola Vladimir
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Reference Surface ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Fair Comparison ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index

In the 3rd IMO GHG study the new data on the ships emissions indicate a clear need for improvements in ship energy efficiency in order to preserve the environment. Although the majority of the pollution originates from the international shipping, the environmental impact of the short-sea shipping, primarily from ro-ro passenger ships, should not be neglected. The pollution originating from these ships is especially pernicious for public health since they operate in and near ports and highly populated areas. The newest amendments to MARPOL Annex VI introduce the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). The EEDI should be a measure of ships energy efficiency, but its application is limited since it may not be applied to ships with diesel-electric or hybrid propulsion systems. Also the EEDI seems not to be feasible for the regulation of energy efficiency for ro-ro passenger ships because their design criteria vary too much. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach to the EEDI definition for ro-ro passenger ships. It introduces the Reference surface as the function of ships capacity and speed instead of the Reference line. It also expands the attained EEDI calculation to different loads trying to give a clearer view of the ships CO2 emission. This modified EEDI would then allow a fair comparison between different ro-ro passenger ships.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE HEAT RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION FOR MARINE DIESEL ENGINES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Čepaitis ◽  
Sergejus Lebedevas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
International Shipping ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index

CO2 emissions from international shipping could increase between 50-250% by 2050 year. The EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) is a key requirement for regulating CO2 emissions of maritime transport; a requirement was introduced in 2011 by the International Maritime Organization and came into force gradually. In recent studies it was investigated that no other technologies has the potential and reserves compared to Cogeneration systems. The article provides a short review of ship energy efficiency design index improving technologies and cogeneration systems application for maritime transport. A brief comparative analysis of cogeneration cycles is provided also. CO2 emissions from international shipping could increase between 50–250% by 2050 year. The EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) is a key requirement for regulating CO2 emissions of maritime transport; a requirement was introduced in 2011 by the International Maritime Organization and came into force gradually. In recent studies it was investigated that no other technologies have the potential and reserves compared to Cogeneration systems. The article provides a short review of ship energy efficiency design index improving technologies and cogeneration systems application for maritime transport which have direct relation with CO2 emissions. A brief comparative analysis of cogeneration cycles is provided also.

scholarly journals Construction of All-Wood Trusses with Plywood Nodes and Wooden Pegs: A Strategy towards Resource-Efficient Timber Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2568
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kromoser ◽  
Matthias Braun ◽  
Maximilian Ortner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Gusset Plates ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
First Results ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Numerical Optimisation ◽  
Special Case

Timber truss systems are very efficient load-bearing structures. They allow for great freedom in design and are characterised by high material use in combination with a low environmental impact. Unfortunately, the extensive effort in design and production have made the manufacturing and application of these structures, in this day and age, a rarity. In addition, the currently mainly used steel gusset plates adversely affect the costs and environmental impact of the trusses. The authors’ goals are to optimise the design of timber trusses and to solely use wood for all building components. The two research areas, (1) optimisation of the truss geometry and (2) optimisation of the joints by using solely wood–wood connections, are addressed in this paper. The numerical optimisation strategy is based on a parametric design of the truss and the use of a genetic solver for the optimisation regarding minimal material consumption. Furthermore, first results of the tensile and compression behaviour of the chosen wood–wood connections are presented. The basic idea for the joints is to use a plywood plate as a connector, which is inserted into the truss members and fixed with wooden pegs. The housing of the new robot laboratory located at BOKU Vienna is considered a special case study for the research and serves as an accompanying example for the application of the research within the present paper.

scholarly journals An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Ernest Czermański ◽  
Giuseppe T. Cirella ◽  
Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek ◽  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Theo Notteboom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.

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