Revised energy efficiency design index parameters for inland cargo ships of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Rashidul Hasan ◽  
Md Mashud Karim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Real Data ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Water Effects ◽  
Will Force ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
The One ◽  
Index Curve

A generalized CO2 emission benchmark (energy efficiency design index) cannot be established for inland ships in a similar fashion like the one established by International Maritime Organization for seagoing vessels. Difference in environmental, geographical and economic conditions, for example, shallow and restricted water effects, different fuel quality (to reduce operational cost), reduction in speed, increase in engine power, reduction in carrying capacity and cargo availability, forbids the direct use of energy efficiency design index as formulated by International Maritime Organization. These conditions have been addressed at first in this research, and revision of some parameters is presented for calculating energy efficiency design index for inland cargo ships of Bangladesh. Moreover, the ship data stored at different organizations of Bangladesh deviate from the existing ship data. As a result, the collected data have undergone through several verification processes. Based on the verified real data, CO2 emission benchmark for inland cargo ships of Bangladesh was established. This benchmark is one of the world’s first CO2 emission benchmark for inland cargo shipping. This benchmark will force ship designers of Bangladesh to design more energy efficient ships that will consume less energy per ton-mile. It is interesting to note that the energy efficiency design index curve for inland cargo ships using revised energy efficiency design index parameters is below the energy efficiency design index curve using International Maritime Organization formulation. The prime reasons behind this fact have also been explained in this research.

scholarly journals Proposed Inland Oil Tanker Design in Bangladesh Focusing CO2 Emission Reduction Based on Revised EEDI Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
S. M. Rashidul Hasan ◽  
Md. Mashud Karim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Water Effects ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Oil Tankers

Though inland ships account for a small portion of the total global CO2 emissions from shipping, from the individual country’s economic and environmental perspective, this is very important. To reduce CO2 emissions from sea-going ships by increasing energy efficiency, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted a generalized Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) in 2011. However, due to the variation in environmental, geographic and economic conditions, a generalized EEDI cannot be established in a similar fashion to that established by IMO. Shallow and restricted water effects, different fuel qualities (to reduce operational cost), increase in engine power requirements, reduction in carrying capacity, cargo availability, etc. make the EEDI by IMO inadequate for inland waterways. Therefore, an EEDI formulation based on revised parameters has been proposed for the inland ships in Bangladesh. This paper focuses on the possibility of CO2 emissions reduction from inland oil tankers in Bangladesh by implementing the revised EEDI formulation (henceforth denoted as EEDIINLAND). A sensitivity analysis was performed for the different ship design parameters of those oil tankers. Based on the analysis, suggestions were made on how to design inland oil tankers in Bangladesh using the revised EEDI formulation for reducing CO2 from the current level without any major cost involvement. Keeping the same speed and capacity, the vessels were redesigned based on those suggestions. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of those redesigned vessels using ‘Shipflow’ showed a reduction in CO2 emissions through increasing EEDIINLAND by 7.54–13.65%.

On the Energy Efficiency Design Index of Ro-Ro passenger and Ro-Ro cargo ships

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimilia G Alisafaki ◽  
Apostolos D Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Specific Correction

This study proposes alternative formulations of the ship-specific correction factor ( fjRoRo) pertaining to Ro-Ro cargo and Ro-Ro passenger ships, as defined in the Energy Efficiency Design Index equation according to the International Maritime Organization Resolution MEPC 245(66). The alternative formulations were derived by studying a large sample of Ro-Ro cargo ships and Ro-Ro passenger ships, built between the years 1990 and 2012. The estimation of ships’ resistance and powering was conducted by application of Holtrop’s method. The obtained formulae’s exponent values were compared with the corresponding ones from latest International Maritime Organization studies on Energy Efficiency Design Index and they appear to better represent the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the operating fleet of Ro-Ro cargo and Ro-Ro passenger ships. Derived formulae may also be used in the frame of parametric design optimization of Ro-Ro ships.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE HEAT RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION FOR MARINE DIESEL ENGINES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Čepaitis ◽  
Sergejus Lebedevas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
International Shipping ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index

CO2 emissions from international shipping could increase between 50-250% by 2050 year. The EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) is a key requirement for regulating CO2 emissions of maritime transport; a requirement was introduced in 2011 by the International Maritime Organization and came into force gradually. In recent studies it was investigated that no other technologies has the potential and reserves compared to Cogeneration systems. The article provides a short review of ship energy efficiency design index improving technologies and cogeneration systems application for maritime transport. A brief comparative analysis of cogeneration cycles is provided also. CO2 emissions from international shipping could increase between 50–250% by 2050 year. The EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) is a key requirement for regulating CO2 emissions of maritime transport; a requirement was introduced in 2011 by the International Maritime Organization and came into force gradually. In recent studies it was investigated that no other technologies have the potential and reserves compared to Cogeneration systems. The article provides a short review of ship energy efficiency design index improving technologies and cogeneration systems application for maritime transport which have direct relation with CO2 emissions. A brief comparative analysis of cogeneration cycles is provided also.

Intuitionistic fuzzy two-factor variance analysis of movie ticket sales

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Velichka Traneva ◽  
Stoyan Tranev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an important method in data analysis, which was developed by Fisher. There are situations when there is impreciseness in data In order to analyze such data, the aim of this paper is to introduce for the first time an intuitionistic fuzzy two-factor ANOVA (2-D IFANOVA) without replication as an extension of the classical ANOVA and the one-way IFANOVA for a case where the data are intuitionistic fuzzy rather than real numbers. The proposed approach employs the apparatus of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and index matrices (IMs). The paper also analyzes a unique set of data on daily ticket sales for a year in a multiplex of Cinema City Bulgaria, part of Cineworld PLC Group, applying the two-factor ANOVA and the proposed 2-D IFANOVA to study the influence of “ season ” and “ ticket price ” factors. A comparative analysis of the results, obtained after the application of ANOVA and 2-D IFANOVA over the real data set, is also presented.

scholarly journals Towards DC Energy Efficient Homes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6005
Author(s):  
Daniel Villanueva ◽  
Moisés Cordeiro-Costas ◽  
Andrés E. Feijóo-Lorenzo ◽  
Antonio Fernández-Otero ◽  
Edelmiro Miguez-García
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the question regarding whether the integration of an electric battery as a part of a domestic installation may increase its energy efficiency in comparison with a conventional case. When a battery is included in such an installation, two types of electrical conversion must be considered, i.e., AC/DC and DC/AC, and hence the corresponding losses due to these converters must not be forgotten when performing the analysis. The efficiency of the whole system can be increased if one of the mentioned converters is avoided or simply when its dimensioning is reduced. Possible ways to achieve this goal can be: to use electric vehicles as DC suppliers, the use of as many DC home devices as possible, and LED lighting or charging devices based on renewables. With all this in mind, several scenarios are proposed here in order to have a look at all possibilities concerning AC and DC powering. With the aim of checking these scenarios using real data, a case study is analyzed by operating with electricity consumption mean values.

scholarly journals Constructing Large-Scale Genetic Maps Using an Evolutionary Strategy Algorithm

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 2269-2282
Author(s):  
D Mester ◽  
Y Ronin ◽  
D Minkov ◽  
E Nevo ◽  
A Korol
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Optimization ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Group A ◽  
The One

Abstract This article is devoted to the problem of ordering in linkage groups with many dozens or even hundreds of markers. The ordering problem belongs to the field of discrete optimization on a set of all possible orders, amounting to n!/2 for n loci; hence it is considered an NP-hard problem. Several authors attempted to employ the methods developed in the well-known traveling salesman problem (TSP) for multilocus ordering, using the assumption that for a set of linked loci the true order will be the one that minimizes the total length of the linkage group. A novel, fast, and reliable algorithm developed for the TSP and based on evolution-strategy discrete optimization was applied in this study for multilocus ordering on the basis of pairwise recombination frequencies. The quality of derived maps under various complications (dominant vs. codominant markers, marker misclassification, negative and positive interference, and missing data) was analyzed using simulated data with ∼50-400 markers. High performance of the employed algorithm allows systematic treatment of the problem of verification of the obtained multilocus orders on the basis of computing-intensive bootstrap and/or jackknife approaches for detecting and removing questionable marker scores, thereby stabilizing the resulting maps. Parallel calculation technology can easily be adopted for further acceleration of the proposed algorithm. Real data analysis (on maize chromosome 1 with 230 markers) is provided to illustrate the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Ernest Czermański ◽  
Giuseppe T. Cirella ◽  
Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek ◽  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Theo Notteboom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.

scholarly journals Feedforward Tactical Optimization for Energy-Efficient Operation of Freight Trains: The Swiss Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (10) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio De Martinis ◽  
Ambra Toletti ◽  
Francesco Corman ◽  
Ulrich A. Weidmann ◽  
Andrew Nash
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Speed Profile ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
The North ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Profile Optimization

The optimization of rail operation for improving energy efficiency plays an important role for the current and future market of rail freight services and helps rail compete with other transport modes. This paper presents a feedforward simulation-based model that performs speed profile optimization together with minor rescheduling actions. The model’s purpose is to provide railway operators and infrastructure managers with energy-efficient solutions that are tailored especially for freight trains. This work starts from the assumption that freight train characteristics are completely defined only a few hours before actual departure; therefore, small specific feedforward adjustments that do not affect the surrounding operation can still be considered. The model was tested in a numerical example. The example clearly shows how the optimized solutions can be evaluated with reference to energy saved and robustness within the rail traffic. The evaluation is based on real data from the North–South corridor crossing Switzerland from Germany to Italy.

scholarly journals Human Creativity and Consciousness: Unintended Consequences of the Brain’s Extraordinary Energy Efficiency?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Active Neuron ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain

It is proposed that both human creativity and human consciousness are (unintended) consequences of the human brain’s extraordinary energy efficiency. The topics of creativity and consciousness are treated separately, though have a common sub-structure. It is argued that creativity arises from a synergy between two cognitive modes of the human brain (which broadly coincide with Kahneman’s Systems 1 and 2). In the first, available energy is spread across a relatively large network of neurons. As such, the amount of energy per active neuron is so small that the operation of such neurons is susceptible to thermal (ultimately quantum decoherent) noise. In the second, available energy is focussed on a small enough subset of neurons to guarantee a deterministic operation. An illustration of how this synergy can lead to creativity with implications for computing in silicon are discussed. Starting with a discussion of the concept of free will, the notion of consciousness is defined in terms of an awareness of what are perceived to be nearby counterfactual worlds in state space. It is argued that such awareness arises from an interplay between our memories on the one hand, and quantum physical mechanisms (where, unlike in classical physics, nearby counterfactual worlds play an indispensable dynamical role) in the ion channels of neural networks. As with the brain’s susceptibility to noise, it is argued that in situations where quantum physics plays a role in the brain, it does so for reasons of energy efficiency. As an illustration of this definition of consciousness, a novel proposal is outlined as to why quantum entanglement appears so counter-intuitive.

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