Established or excluded? A longitudinal study of criminality, work and family formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Nilsson ◽  
Felipe Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Work And Family

Gender inequalities, paid work and family formation in Spain

2017 ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Marta Domínguez Folgueras ◽  
María José González ◽  
Irene Lapuerta
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Paid Work

A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Dual-Earner Couples' Utilization of Family-Friendly Workplace Supports on Work and Family Outcomes.

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie B. Hammer ◽  
Margaret B. Neal ◽  
Jason T. Newsom ◽  
Krista J. Brockwood ◽  
Cari L. Colton
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Family Outcomes ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
Workplace Supports

scholarly journals The Gender Wage Gap Opens Long before Motherhood. Panel Evidence on Early Careers in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benita Combet ◽  
Daniel Oesch
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Employer Discrimination ◽  
Household Specialization

According to a popular argument in economics, the gender wage gap persists not because of employer discrimination against women, but because of the differential investment of fathers and mothers into paid work and the household. We test this argument by comparing the evolution of wages between men and women before the onset of family formation and gendered household specialization. We use a cohort study of young adults for Switzerland (TREE 2000–2014) and match the two sexes on their intellectual ability and educational attainment before they enter the labour market. We then use the ensuing survey waves to account for human capital and job characteristics as well as for values towards work and family. We replicate our analysis with a second panel study of Swiss graduate students. We find in both cohort studies an unexplained gender wage gap of between 3 to 6 percent in favour of men. This result suggests that young women earn lower wages than young men with the same productive characteristics long before they have children. Translated into annual wages, this means that young women lose out on half a monthly wage each year in comparison to young men.

scholarly journals Does Mothers’ Parental Leave Uptake Stimulate Continued Employment and Family Formation? Evidence for Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Wood ◽  
Neels
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Parity Progression ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Employed Mothers

Parental leave schemes undoubtedly facilitate the combination of work and family life during leave-taking. In addition to this instantaneous effect of parental leave uptake, a growing yet limited body of research addresses the question of subsequent effects of parental leave uptake. As work-family policies, such as parental leave, are geared towards stimulating family formation and (female) employment, this study assessed whether the individual uptake of parental leave by employed mothers after the birth of a child yielded differential parity progression and employment patterns compared to eligible employed mothers that did not take leave. Using data from the Belgian Administrative Socio-Demographic panel, we applied dynamic propensity score matching and hazard models. Our results indicate that previous leave uptake is a differentiating factor in subsequent fertility and employment outcomes, but also that (self-)selection strongly affects this relation. Descriptive analyses indicate that mothers who use leave shortly after childbearing exhibit a similar progression to second births, more third births and less fourth births, while displaying substantially lower hazards of exiting the labour force regardless of parity. However, when controlling for the fact that mothers who use parental leave exhibit a stronger pre-birth attachment to the labour force, work for larger employers in specific employment sectors, and also differ from non-users in terms of household characteristics (e.g., higher household income, more likely to be married and less likely to have a non-Belgian background), many associations between leave uptake and subsequent fertility and employment outcomes turn neutral or even negative. No indication for higher parity progression among leave users was found and the hazard of exiting the labour force was moderately higher for leave users. These empirical results are discussed in the Belgian context of low parental leave benefits, short leave entitlements and low uptake of parental leave, features which are also displayed by other Western European countries and contrast with the Nordic European countries studied in previous research.

The Rebuilding of Fragmented Memories, Broken Families and Rootless Selves among Danish Care Leavers

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Stine Grønbæk Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Memory Work ◽  
Care Leavers ◽  
The Way

Many care leavers share a sense of fragmented or absent memories and a feeling of being abandoned and rootless. In this article I examine how some care leavers in a Danish context attempt to reconstruct fragmented memories and fragile relationships through tangible and creative practices and processes by which memories and relations are created, repaired, strengthened, and shaped. Understanding their engagement with the past as transformative memory-work, and family and kinship as acquired through practice, I describe some of the specific preconditions for care leavers when it comes to memory-making and family formation. Next, I illustrate how care leavers in different ways deal with broken family ties and how their practices and reflections transform their personal history and the way they relate to others and position themselves in society.

Sociale zekerheid en de levenslopen van mannen en vrouwen

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Plantenga ◽  
Ivy Koopmans
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Sociale Zekerheid ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Market Behaviour

Social security and the life course op men and woman Social security and the life course op men and woman The system of social security is under pressure. Social structures have not yet adequately adapted to men and women’s altered personal life course, reflected in changes in family formation and labour market behaviour. As a result, a care shortage and/or a labour market shortage may occur, because the increased need to combine work and family, is not yet facilitated by an accurate institutional structure. In this article it is stated that the system of social security needs to be adapted in two ways. First, the coverage of traditional risks like sickness and unemployment should allow for diversity and non-standard labour-market behaviour. Secondly, care responsibilities – or rather socially beneficial matters – should also be covered by the system of social security. Both changes could take shape in a three-pillar model; risks are basically covered by combination of rights from three sources (‘pillars’). The first pillar consists of generic and compulsory schemes for all citizens, which provides (basic) cover also in the case of care responsibilities. This first pillar arrangements could be supplemented by life course arrangements in the second pillar, generating flexibility and freedom of choice. Then there is the third pillar, which consists of personal forms of savings and insurance for citizens who wish to insure for a further supplement.

Social network dynamics in the course of family formation: Results from a mixed-methods longitudinal study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Klärner ◽  
Sylvia Keim ◽  
Holger von der Lippe
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Social Network Dynamics ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this article we examine the relationship between various biographical transitions of young adulthood and the structure of social networks. We ask how personal networks change in size and composition over the course of family formation or expansion, and due to other biographical transitions. We use data from an exploratory longitudinal study that uses mixed methods of social network analysis. We were able to reconnect with 29 of 98 young adults who were interviewed from 2004 to 2006, and conducted detailed qualitative interviews with 18 of them in 2011. Our findings suggest that biographical transitions do rather have an effect on the composition than on the size of personal networks. Biographical transitions do not necessarily lead to a decrease in network size due to network partners dropping out. These network partners often get substituted by new network partners that match changing priorities in different life stages. Particularly important transitions are the interviewees’ own parenthood, as well as the parenthood of their network partners. Transitions in relationship status, relocations, and job changes were also identified as relevant biographical transitions.

scholarly journals “You're in the Army Now:” The Impact of World War II on Women's Education, Work, and Family

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
College Graduation ◽  
World War ◽  
Total War ◽  
College Graduation Rates ◽  
The Impact

World War II temporarily halted the rise in high school and college graduation rates. This article shows that manpower mobilization for World War II decreased educational attainment among high school-age females during the early 1940s, reduced employment and earnings, and altered decisions regarding family formation. I then provide evidence that women in this cohort returned to school in later life and relate these findings to the “quiet revolution” taking place as women learned about the benefits of school and work over the second half of the twentieth century.“Education has been ever in the nation's service. But in these days of total war that service has a new significance. ‘You're in the Army now’ is no cliché–it is an expression of national necessity.”1

scholarly journals Out-of-home care in childhood and socio-economic functioning in adulthood: ONS Longitudinal Study 1971-2011

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Sacker ◽  
Rebecca Lacey ◽  
Barbara Maughan ◽  
Emily T Murray
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Economic Functioning

BackgroundChildren who spent time in non-parental care report poor outcomes in many aspects of their later lives on average, but less is known about differences by type of care. We examined whether socioeconomic, family, and living arrangements of adults who had been in non-parental care across the first three decades of adult life varied by type of care (residential, non-relative and relative).MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (LS). Participants were aged<18 years and had never been married at baseline of each census year from 1971-2001 (n=242,843). Separately for each adult follow-up age (20 to 29; 30 to 39; 40 to 49), multi-level logistic regression models were used to compare socioeconomic, family, and living arrangements by different out-of-home care (OHC) experiences.ResultsAny OHC increased the likelihood of poorer functioning in the three domains of socioeconomic circumstances, family formation and relationships, and living arrangements. This was evident in their 20s, 30s and 40s; the most adverse outcomes were observed for those with a history of residential care, followed by non-relative OHC, and the least adverse outcomes for relative OHC. Moderation by childhood census year, age in OHC, and gender altered the relationship between OHC and some, but not all, adult outcomes. The strongest, most consistent, evidence was for widening of inequalities in age 20-29 outcomes across childhood census years and weakest evidence for any moderation of age 40-49 outcomes by age when in OHC.ConclusionEnduring inequalities in social and economic functioning for OHC-experienced adults were found. The evidence overwhelmingly supports the policy to place children in relative care whenever possible, with residential care the least favoured option.

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