scholarly journals The client side of everyday corruption in Central and Eastern Europe: The case of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hiah
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Client Side

This article provides an in-depth understanding of the corruption experiences of migrant entrepreneurs in transition economies. Drawing from ethnographic research, including 50 qualitative interviews with Chinese migrant entrepreneurs active in wholesale markets, non-governmental organizations, and supervisory agencies in Romania, this article demonstrates that normalization of corruption by migrant entrepreneurs should be understood in the historical context of the wholesale market as a product of post-1989 transition in Central and Eastern Europe. At a social-interactional level, normalization of corruption is revealed through how migrants use decriminalizing language to refer to corruption and perceive corruption as a survival strategy by public officials. Moreover, the legal and outsider status of migrants and their knowledge of the language, rules and laws further determine migrants’ position as clients of ‘on the spot’ corruption.

Political corruption in Central and Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-193
Author(s):  
James L. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Third World ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
The World ◽  
Communist Countries

Political scientists have conventionally distinguished between advanced liberal democracies; communist and post-communist states, and so-called third-world countries. Though used less frequently than was once the case, the groups or ones like them are distinguished because drawing general conclusions about the nature of political life requires being able to categorise in order to compare countries; and because, broadly speaking, the groups mark broad distinctions tending to correlate with a range of variables including political corruption. Placing, then, the liberal democracies of Western Europe in one category and the former communist countries of Europe, plus Russia, in another reveals that corruption is a larger problem in the latter part of the world than it is in the former. Against this background, the chapter looks at the historical context of corruption during the communist era. It then provides an overview of the extent of corruption in the post-communist era and of the variations in its extent between the states concerned –before explaining the distinctive reasons for the development of these levels of corruption, assessing their impact and looking at what is being done and needs to be done to reduce levels of corruption.

Introduction to the special issue on social media and government

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Sandoval-Almazan ◽  
Andrea L. Kavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Information Power ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The use of social media by public administration has been growing steadily, and fostering important transformations in organization, costs, citizen interaction and efficiency. Citizens are increasingly more informed about government activities, performance, and claims solutions. Citiizens and non-profit organizations are in greater communication with each other about government planning and response to complex and collective problems. Social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, You Tube and WhatsApp, as well as related tools, such as commenting, liking, tagging and rating, change the distribution of information, power and resources. The growing maturity of public officials in the use of these tools not only creates new opportunities, but also engenders problems. Many politicians, public officials and public servants are seeking ways to adapt their daily operations and practices to make effective use of social media for interaction with non-governmental organizations and with citizens and to provide information and services more efficiently. The papers in this special issue on social media and government capture the current state of some of these opportunities and problems.

scholarly journals THE EXPERIENCE OF TRAINING EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION IN EASTERN EUOROPE

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tryhub Ilona
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Entrance Examination ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
The Republic

In the article has been singled out features of the classification of Eastern Europe countries according to the professional training of experts in the field of education (systematicity and length of training); founded the tendencies of professional training of experts in the field of education in countries of Eastern Europe: general tendencies (in particular: orientation of training of experts in the field of education in quality assurance; implementation of professional training of experts in the field of education in masters training, postgraduate education and non-governmental organizations; the introduction of seminars, workshops and conferences as forms of training of experts in the field of education; election of future experts in the field of education among experienced teachers; election of candidates are offered by universities, rectors conferences, schools and universities, students parliaments, national academic associations and employers’ organizations; implementation of the official Code of Ethics in professional activities of experts in the field of education; introduction of state and public control over the activity of experts in the field of education; exchange of experience of expert activity in the international cooperation); specific tendencies (in particular: entrance examination / briefing by experts in the field of education (the Republic of Lithuania); preparation of experts in the field of education at the level of the master’s degree in higher educational institutions (the Republic of Latvia); professional training of experts in the field of education in different forms (seminars, advanced training courses, postgraduate studies) (Russian Federation) etc.

Participation of Iranian non-governmental organizations in health policy-making; barriers and strategies for development

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq ◽  
Edris Kakemam ◽  
Morteza Arab-Zozani ◽  
Jamal Rasouli ◽  
Mobin Sokhanvar
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Government

PurposeThe effectiveness of non-governmental organization (NGO) participation in the healthcare sector has been demonstrated globally. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the status of Iranian NGOs’ contribution to health policy-making, the barriers to and strategies for developing their contribution.Design/methodology/approachIn this qualitative study, 25 participants were recruited from health-related NGOs in Tabriz, Iran. Semi-structured, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted. Furthermore, a set of relevant documents were collected and their contents evaluated. The text of documents and interviews were analyzed using a thematic (deductive–inductive) approach using NVivo software.FindingsMost NGO activity has been in the area of providing services, whereas the least amount of activity has been in the domain of policy-making. Factors that were influential for NGO participation in policy-making were divided into three categories: those related to government, to civil society and within NGOs themselves. The primary barriers to participation in policy-making were related to government and the way that NGOs operated. Recommendations include the production of supportive law, financial aid to NGO and infrastructure that facilitates NGO participation.Practical implicationsFinancial support from the government and legislation of supportive laws could help to realize the potential of NGOs.Originality/valueNo such research has been undertaken before to evaluate what activities health-related NGOs undertake, their contribution in health policy-making and obstacles and facilitators of this contribution. NGOs can play a key role in ensuring accountability, transparency and empower citizens to demand basic health services from government.

Neither Hegemony nor Dominance: Reconsidering German Power in Post Cold-War Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES SPERLING
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
German Unification ◽  
Structural Power ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Processes And Incentives

German unification in 1989 raised the spectre of German hegemony in post-cold war Europe. In this article, I demonstrate that Germany lacks the structural power consistent with European hegemony or dominance; that there is little evidence supporting an appreciable gap between Germany's structural power and foreign policy ambitions; and that apparent symptoms of German hegemony, particularly the process of institutional emulation in Central and Eastern Europe, reflect other international processes and incentives emanating from the state system itself. This reassessment and downgrading of Germany's relative and absolute power resolve the paradox of German structural power and German reluctance identified by others. But this alternative narrative raises another more important question: why is Germany treated as a potential or even aspiring hegemon in Europe? The answer to that question is located in the interconnected legacies of Auschwitz and the occupation regime. This joint legacy constitutes an important part of the historical context within which we frame our assessments and judgements of German power; explains the frequently unwarranted exaggeration and suspicion of German power; and demonstrates how the past can function as a powerful prism though which we interpret the intentions, ambitions and capabilities of a state.

scholarly journals NGOization of Islamic Education: The Post-Coup Turkish State and Sufi Orders in Africa South of the Sahara

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ezgi Guner
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
State Repression ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Education In Turkey ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring

This article analyzes the recently formed transnational networks of Islamic education between Turkey and Africa south of the Sahara through the study of the neglected case of Erenköy Cemaati. The expansion of the schools affiliated with Erenköy Cemaati cannot be divorced from Turkey’s Africa strategy and the growing importance of education within it since the late 2000s. Although Sufi orders and state institutions historically represent two divergent and conflicting streams of Islamic education in Turkey, the analysis of Erenköy Cemaati’s schools in Africa south of the Sahara reveal their rapprochement in novel ways. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Turkey, Tanzania, and Senegal, this article shows that the complex relations between the Turkish state and Sufi orders in the field of education in Africa are facilitated by a constellation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Situating ethnographic data in historical context, it argues that the Islamic schools of Erenköy Cemaati are produced by the overlapping processes of the NGOization of Sufi orders in response to earlier state repression in Turkey and the NGOization of education in the wake of the neoliberal restructuring in Africa. While contributing to our understanding of post-coup Turkey and its evolving relations with Africa south of the Sahara, this article provides at the same time a new window into the NGOization of Islamic education on the continent.

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