Improving hysteresis of a typical carbon black-filled natural rubber tread compound by using a novel coupling agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-261
Author(s):  
Soumya Ghosh Chowdhury ◽  
Koushik Pal ◽  
Hirak Satpathi ◽  
Abhijit Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Rabindra Mukhopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Loss Tangent ◽  
Elastic Energy ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Control Compound ◽  
Dissipation Loss

Potential of Sumilink-200 was investigated in a typical natural rubber-based tread compound in connection with its ability to act as a coupling agent for carbon black to reduce hysteresis loss of the compound. Optimum physical properties were obtained at 2 phr loading of Sumilink-200. At this loading, tensile modulus at 300% elongation improved by 9.6% with a reduction in visco-elastic energy dissipation (loss tangent) at 60°C by 8.3% over the control compound. The abrasion resistance properties of the compounds found to remain unaffected with the introduction of Sumilink-200.

EFFECT OF CELLULOSE FIBER SURFACE TREATMENT TO REPLACE CARBON BLACK IN NATURAL RUBBER HYBRID COMPOSITES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Kazemi ◽  
Frej Mighri ◽  
Keun Wan Park ◽  
Slim Frikha ◽  
Denis Rodrigue
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Hybrid Filler

ABSTRACT In recent years, cellulose fibers have attracted considerable attention as biofillers for natural rubber (NR) composites. However, neat cellulose cannot be used as a substitute for conventional fillers due to its poor compatibility with NR. Therefore, a new surface treatment via maleic anhydride grafted to polyisoprene (MAPI) in solution was developed to improve the filler–matrix interaction. Different contents of carbon black (CB) and cellulose fibers (before and after modification) were used as a hybrid filler system to investigate the possibility of CB substitution in NR composites. First, contact angle, Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to confirm the successful cellulose surface treatment. Second, morphological analysis, Payne effect, and swelling behavior of the rubber compounds in toluene confirmed the effect of cellulose treatment on improving the interfacial filler–matrix adhesion. Finally, the results showed that the composite filled with 20 phr modified cellulose and 20 phr CB (50% replacement of CB) exhibited even better results than the composite filled with 40 phr of CB, since the tensile strength was only 7% lower, but the elongation at break, tensile modulus at 100%, and storage modulus at 25 °C were respectively 35%, 24%, and 22% higher.

Effect of Surface Oxidation of Carbon Black on Its Bonding with Epoxidized Natural Rubber in the Presence of Silane Coupling Agent

1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Manna ◽  
P. P. De ◽  
D. K. Tripathy ◽  
S. K. De ◽  
M. K. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Silyl Ether ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Swelling Studies

Abstract Results of bound rubber determination, Monsanto rheometry, solvent swelling studies and measurement of physical properties reveal that high temperature molding of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) filled with intermediate super abrasion furnace (ISAF) carbon black and surface oxidized ISAF carbon black, in the presence of silane coupling agent, namely, N-(4-vinylbenzyl)-N′-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine monoHCl salt, results in crosslinking of the rubber phase, even in the absence of the vulcanizing agents. Infrared spectroscopic studies show formation of silyl ether, in the case of ISAF carbon black, whereas the oxidized grade forms both silyl ether as well as silyl ester and amide linkage. Oxidation of ISAF carbon black causes an increase in the extent of coupling bond formation.

scholarly journals Cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of carbon black-filled Natural Rubber (NR)/Chloroprene Rubber (CR) blends in the presence of alkanolamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 12005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Mimpin Ginting ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

The cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of carbon black (CB)-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends in the presence of alkanolamide (ALK) were investigated. The NR/CR blends were prepared at 50/50 blend ratio. The ALK was prepared from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine and added into the CB-filled NR/CR blends as a rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the CB-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength up to 5.0 phr of ALK and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling test proved that the 5.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the CB-filled NR/CR blends.

scholarly journals REINFORCEMENT OF RUBBER BY CARBON BLACK AND LIGNIN-COATED NANOCELLULOSE FIBRILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-651
Author(s):  
Lewis B. Tunnicliffe ◽  
Kimberly Nelson ◽  
Shaobo Pan ◽  
John Curtis ◽  
Charles R. Herd
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Dispersion State ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Control Compound ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

ABSTRACT The reinforcement of rubber by a co-filler system of carbon black and lignin-coated nanocellulose fibrils (LCNF) is investigated. Natural rubber (NR)–polybutadiene (BR) blend compounds containing LCNF loadings of up to 20% of the total filler package are prepared, and the dispersion state of the LCNF is determined using interferometric and electron microscopy. The LCNF is found to be well dispersed on macro- and micro-dispersion length scales, with discrete fibrils tending to align in the milling/calendering grain direction. Cure properties—scorch, rate, and total yield of crosslinks—are unaffected by the presence of LCNF in the compounds. Tensile to break and cyclic tensile properties are found to be reasonably consistent with those of a conventional all carbon black control compound. Tear and laboratory abrasion resistance properties are maintained versus the control compound, while a systematic and substantial reduction in compound Payne Effect with increasing LCNF content is observed. Basic aging properties of the compounds are unaffected by the presence of LCNF. The potential benefits of LCNF as a lightweight, sustainable, and bio-derived reinforcing filler are outlined.

Effect of Attapulgite and Carbon Black on the Properties of Natural Rubber

2010 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Sheng Hu ◽  
Shang Yue Shen ◽  
Tie Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Modified Attapulgite ◽  
Scanning Electron

The modified attapulgite / natural rubber composites (MANRC), attapulgite / natural rubber composites (ANRC) and carbon black N330 / natural rubber composites (CBNRC) were prepared by co-coagulating rubber latex and clay aqueous suspension,respectively. The modified attapulgite was attained by dispersion with an ultrasonic cell pulverizer first and then modification with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The micrographs of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) showed that the CTAB-modified attapulgite have the best dispersibility in the composites. The mechanical properties of MANRC are the best. The best properties of MANRC can be obtained when 20phrCTAB-modified attapulgite was added, the tensile strength, the 200% tensile modulus, the tear strength and Shore A hardness increased by 58.2%, 109.3%, 46.0%, 27.8%, respectively, compared with CBNRC.

scholarly journals The effect of carbon black on the curing and mechanical properties of natural rubber/ acrylonitrile- butadiene rubber composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
H. Boukfessa ◽  
B. Bezzazi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Different Content

The present work investigates the effect of the amount of carbon black on curing and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and abrasion resistance of the natural rubber (NR)/ acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blend. For that purpose, a blend composed of 65% NR and 35% NBR filled with different content of carbon black N330 was used. The curing results indicate that the viscosity and the crosslink density of rubber composites increase and the scorch and curing times decrease with increasing the filler content. Mechanical properties such as tensile modulus and hardness of the CB filled NR/NBR blend were remarkably improved, indicating the inherent reinforcing potential of CB. Regarding tensile strength and abrasion resistance, they increase with the addition of carbon black, up to 50 phr. After that, these properties decrease slightly with filleraddition.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Modified by Purple Carbon Black

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 961-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Fan ◽  
Xiao Xue Liao ◽  
Shuang Quan Liao ◽  
Yan Fang Zhao ◽  
Jie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Silane Coupling

Stable aqueous solution of purple carbon black (PCB) was prepared first and then added to prevulcanized natural rubber latex. The effects of the amount of PCB, silane coupling agent and the type of silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of the vulcanized latex film were researched. The results show that the best mechanical properties were obtained when the vulcanized film was filled with 6 phr PCB modified by KH560. TG shows that thermal stability of the film with PCB modified by KH560 increased. DSC shows that the glass transition temperature of the film increased after adding PCB.

ANALYSIS OF AUTOHESION AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (MULTIFUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR) OF THE COAGULUM FROM THE LATEX OF EUPHORBIA CADUCIFOLIA HAINES VIS-À-VIS COMPARISON AGAINST SYNTHETIC RESINS IN NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay K. Bhattacharyya ◽  
Bhavani S. Parmar ◽  
Rabindra Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Abhijit Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Control Compound

ABSTRACT Soft and tacky mass recognized as whole coagulum (Cog) and its toluene soluble fraction (TE) obtained through coagulation of latex of Euphorbia caducifolia Haines has been investigated in this article as green tackifier cum multifunctional agent in natural rubber (NR) based gum compounds. It was observed that inclusion of TE and Cog in the formulations increased tack strength over the control compound (without TE and Cog). At the same loading, autohesion for natural and commercial coumarone indene resin was found comparable. However, phenol formaldehyde (non–heat reactive octyl phenol formaldehyde) resin demonstrated highest tack strength among all the NR compositions studied. Presence of various functional groups such as esters/carboxylic acid, carbon–carbon unsaturation, and so on, in natural resin activated the system and reduced the activation energy barrier for curing. The optimized composition with 5 phr TE showed nearly 5% reductions in activation energy over the control compound. However, no such cure acceleration was displayed by Cog. Unaged tensile properties of the compounds with natural resin at similar proportions to commercial resins were found comparable. Retention of tensile properties after aging for the vulcanizates with TE was better than those with the commercial resins. For Cog, however, the retention of elongation at break and tensile strength were slightly higher compared with tensile modulus.

Antibacterial Ability of HPQM Base Neusilin/Natural Rubber Reinforced with Carbon Black

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitsupree Katathikankul ◽  
Savaeng Techangamvong ◽  
Ekachai Wimolmala ◽  
Piyaporn Niltui ◽  
Sirichai Kanking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Antibacterial Ability ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Quinoline Carboxylic Acid

This work studied antibacterial ability of natural rubber (NR) reinforced carbon black N330 at loadings 0, 20, 40 and 60 parts per hundred rubber (phr) and 2-Hydroxypropyl-3-Piperazinyl-Quinoline carboxylic acid Methacrylate (HPQM) based Neusilin at loadings 0 , 3 and 5 phr were used againstEscherichia coli(E.coli) ATCC 25923 andStaphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)ATCC 25922.The Inhibition zone (Disk diffusion) and Plate Count Agar (PCA) methods were employed to assess the ability of the anti-bacterial performance, cure characteristics and mechanical properties such as tensile modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness. The results suggested that increasing HPQM in appearance of inhibition zone and 99.9 percent reduction ofE.coli. The antibacterial ability HPQM base Neusilin at loadings 5 phr and carbon black at loadings 20 phr were better. The antibacterial ability of NR vulcanizates depends on the level of reinforcement. The tensile strength with using 40 phr of carbon black loading was suggested in this work.

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