The Ethical Algorithm: Journalist/Whistleblower Relationships Explored Through the Lens of Social Exchange

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-245
Author(s):  
Stephenson Waters
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethics Codes ◽  
Trust Relationship ◽  
Professional Judgments

This study examined the ethical and professional judgments journalists consider when deciding to trust a whistleblower and determined how whistleblowers influence ethical and newsgathering processes. With a qualitative study, this research uncovered common ethical and procedural considerations journalists, who are influenced by gatekeeping forces, make when presented with information from a whistleblower, with the goal to create a conceptual model—an “ethical algorithm”—that journalists employ when deciding to publish whistleblower disclosures. In addition, the decision to build a trust relationship with a whistleblower is examined from the frameworks of ethical considerations, professional standards, and ethics codes. Finally, the journalist–whistleblower relationship is considered as a form of social exchange, a negotiated relationship in which parties determine trust as a result of an exchange of mutually beneficial acts.

Recruiting Palliative Patients for a Large Qualitative Study: Some Ethical Considerations and Staff Dilemmas

EXPLORE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Tan ◽  
Anne Wilson ◽  
Ian Olver ◽  
Christopher Barton
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Palliative Patients

scholarly journals A study of how uncertainty emerges in the uncertainty-embedded innovation process

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-79
Author(s):  
Sabrina Luthfa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Activity Structure ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Critical Chain ◽  
Innovation Processes ◽  
Over Time

This paper aims to understand about how uncertainty emerges in the innovation process. Since uncertainty is embedded in the innovation process, to understand how uncertainty emerges in the process one needs to understand how innovation process unfolds over time. Since an innovation process involves various resource recombination activities occurring in several phases, to understand how innovation process unfolds one needs understand “how do various resource recombination activities occur over time for the creation of novelty?” This knowledge would enable us to understand the conditions under which vital activities of resource recombination can/cannot be undertaken and coordinated as well as would allow us to understand the underlying decisions made by the innovators for their efficient undertaking and coordination. This paper investigates the innovation process in two companies through performing qualitative study. The innovation processes are analysed in the light of a conceptual model developed based on the Dubois’ (1994) End-product related activity structure model, Håkansson’s (1987) “ARA model” and Goldratt’s (1997) “Critical chain concept”. The findings suggest that uncertainty emerges in the innovation process in a cycle of interaction with resource void, activity void and actors’ limited cognition due to lack of knowledge, undue optimism, and rationally justified reason for disregarding information. Accordingly, a great deal of compromises is made while undertaking the activities.

scholarly journals An Analysis of a supervisor-subordinate trust relationship

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Engelbrecht ◽  
B. E. Cloete
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
South African ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Work Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Trust Relationship ◽  
Trust Relationships

In view of the importance of interpersonal trust as recognized by organizational scholars and the problems associated with the study of trust in organizations, the development of a conceptual model of organizational trust is essential. The aim of this study was to establish empirically the validity of a theoretically sound model of trust in the South African work context. The overall results confirmed a positive relationship between interpersonal trust, trustworthiness and successful trust relationships. The propensity to trust, as well as the length of the supervisorsubordinate relationship, however, did not prove to have a moderating effect on trustworthiness. Opsomming In die lig van die belangrike rol wat navorsers aan vertroue heg en die probleme verbonde aan die bestudering van vertroue in organisasies, is die ontwikkeling van'n konseptuele model van organisatoriese vertroue essensieel. Die doel van hierdie studie was om empiries te bepaal of 'n teoreties gefundeerde model van vertroue in die Suid-Afrikaanse werkskonteks geldig is. In die algemeen bevestig die resultate die bestaan van n beduidend positiewe verband tussen interpersoonlike vertroue, vertrouenswaardigheid en n suksesvolle vertrouensverhouding. Vertrouensgeneigdheid sowel as lengte van toesighouerondergeskikte verhouding het egter nie 'n moderende invloed op vertrouenswaardigheid getoon nie.

scholarly journals Humane treatment versus means of control: coercive measures in Norwegian high-security psychiatry, 1895–1978

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-442
Author(s):  
Magne Brekke Rabben ◽  
Øyvind Thomassen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Coercive Measures ◽  
High Security ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Insight Into

This article analyses the use of coercive measures in two national institutions for high-security psychiatry in Norway – Kriminalasylet (Criminal Asylum) and Reitgjerdet – during the period 1895–1978. Historical study of coercion in psychiatry is a fruitful approach to new insight into the moral and ethical considerations within the institutions. We approach the topic through a qualitative study of patient case files and ward reports from the institutions’ archives, as well as a comprehensive quantification of the coercive measures used. The data show shifting considerations of humane treatment and changes in the respect for human dignity in the institutions’ practices. They also show that technological developments, such as the introduction of new psychopharmaceuticals, did not necessarily lead to higher standards of treatment.

Is Nepotism Good or Bad? Types of Nepotism and Implications for Knowledge Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jaskiewicz ◽  
Klaus Uhlenbruck ◽  
David B. Balkin ◽  
Trish Reay
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Tacit Knowledge Management

In contrast to the literature that portrays nepotism as generally problematic, we develop a conceptual model to explain why some family firms benefit from nepotism while others do not. We distinguish two types of nepotism based on how nepots are chosen. We elaborate the differences between entitlement nepotism and reciprocal nepotism. We propose that reciprocal (vs. entitlement) nepotism is associated with three family conditions that indicate generalized (vs. restricted) social exchange relationships between family members. We also suggest that generalized social exchanges are valuable to firms because they facilitate tacit knowledge management that can lead to competitive advantage.

scholarly journals Value creation: an internal customers’ perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6/7) ◽  
pp. 560-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Grace ◽  
Joseph Lo Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Internal Customers ◽  
Value Perceptions ◽  
Excellent Starting Point ◽  
Starting Point

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand and deliver the needs and wants of external customers. This being the case, we know quite a lot about one perspective of the value co-creation process (i.e. external customers’ perception) but very little about other stakeholder perspectives, in particular, internal customers’ perspectives of the value co-creation process. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on the works of Edvardsson et al. (2011), Giddens (1984), Sweeney and Soutar (200), Helkkula et al. (2012), Herzberg et al. (1959) and Wolf (1970) to build a conceptual model of value creation developed specifically from the internal customer’s perspective. Findings – The resultant conceptual model (shown in Figure 1) provides insight into the socio-structural and social exchange elements of the firm that provide the stimuli to value creation, which in the first instance, gratify (or not) the needs of internal customers and, secondly, influence the multi-dimensional value perceptions of internal customers. Originality/value – The conceptual model of this paper provides a unique, pragmatic and useful framework for understanding how internal customers derive and perceive value within the social landscape of the firm. While empirical validation of the model is essential, the model, as presented herein, provides an excellent starting point for further investigation in this important, but largely under-researched, area.

scholarly journals PCV90 A Novel Conceptual Model of Caregiver Burden in Chronic Heart Failure: A Qualitative Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. A378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Blackburn ◽  
L. Humphrey ◽  
L. Maguire ◽  
C. Deschaseaux ◽  
A. Stromberg
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Caregiver Burden

Legal and Ethical Considerations of Whistleblowing for Engineers

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethics Codes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Ethical Duty ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Practical Implications

According to the ethical codes of many engineering professional societies, engineers have an ethical duty to the public. For example, the ASME Code of Ethics states that engineers “shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public.” Licensed engineers (PE’s) have additional legal duties to the public imposed by state licensing agencies. Engineering regulations and ethics codes have been interpreted by many to include the duty to report illegal or unsafe conditions to governmental authorities. This paper investigates whistleblowing as it relates to engineers. This troublesome topic is investigated considering the ethical, legal, and practical implications for engineers who blow the whistle.

scholarly journals COPING WITH AUTISM: DIFFERENTIAL & UNIQUE PARENTING MOTHERS JOURNEY TOWARDS ADAPTATION-A QUALITATIVE STUDY IN INDIAN CONTEXT BASED ON GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 736-750
Author(s):  
Nisha Laila ◽  
◽  
Linu Sara George ◽  
Shalini G. Nayak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Core Category ◽  
Voice Recorder

Objective: The main objective of this study was to explore the experiences of mothers parenting children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with a view to formulate a conceptual model of parenting experiences based on the constructs identified. Design &Methods: The study used grounded theory methodology in order to derive a conceptual model for parenting a child with ASD. The participants were mothers between the age group of 24-50 years undergoing parent child training from Autism training Centre, Northern India. The study is based on in depth interviews with twelve mothers who were meeting the eligibility criteria. The interviews were digitally recorded with a voice recorder. The anonymity and confidentiality of the participants were assured. The translated data were coded and categorised using open code software Results: The qualitative data analysis revealed thirteen major categories and forty six sub categories and a core category was derived out of the concepts and formulated a conceptual model of coping with autism, Unique and differential parenting Mothers Journey towards adaptation. Conclusion: This qualitative study provides evidence for parenting experiences of Indian mothers of children with ASD. The findings would provide identification of problems, need based care and guidance for professionals. Practice Implications: The conceptual model formulated could be used as a basis to test the hypothesis in various aspects of the concepts discussed in relation to mothers experiences of a child with ASD and thus a substantive theory of parenting a child with ASD could be developed in future after comparing and concept analysis of the existing parenting theories .

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