Use of Comforting to Enhance Social Marketing Success

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Forbus ◽  
Jason L. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Social Marketing Campaigns ◽  
Present Case Study

Successful behavioral change is the Holy Grail for social marketers. Meta-analysis demonstrates that effect sizes of behavioral change in social marketing campaigns is typically low. The present case study uses 4 years of survey data from an Alabama weight loss and behavioral change campaign to develop an explanation for why some people are more successful in lifestyle change efforts than others. Comforting, a communicative form of prosocial behavior, produced the greatest magnitude of change when tested as an independent variable on dependent variables, including pounds lost, amount of dairy products and water consumed, and physical activities undertaken. The case study concludes by discussing implications for social marketing academics and practitioners.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Social Marketing Campaigns to Improve Global Conservation Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Green ◽  
Brian A. Crawford ◽  
Katherine A. Williamson ◽  
Amielle A. DeWan
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Social Marketing Campaigns

The rapidly increasing rate of biodiversity and habitat loss across the globe can be largely attributed to human behaviors. Conservation practitioners have struggled to influence behaviors through traditional awareness-raising efforts and been slow to adopt techniques from the behavioral sciences such as social marketing to change behaviors and improve conservation outcomes. We conducted a meta-analysis of 84 social marketing campaigns that applied the same theory of change for human behavior to disrupt patterns of destructive activities such as illegal hunting and overfishing. Questionnaires of more than 20,000 individuals across 18 countries measured changes in behavioral variables pre- and post-campaigns, including knowledge, attitudes, interpersonal communication, behavior intention, and behavior. For each campaign, we extracted data and validated data for behavioral variables, estimated mean effect sizes for each variable across all campaigns, and used path analysis to measure relationships among variables included in seven different models. On average, all behavioral variables increased significantly ( p < .001) from 16.1 to 25.0 percentage points following social marketing campaigns. The full model used a combination of all variables and had the highest explained variation in behavior change (71%). Our results highlight the importance of (a) incorporating behavioral theory and social marketing into traditional conservation programs to address threats to biodiversity across the globe; (b) designing interventions that leverage a combination of community knowledge, attitudes, and communication about a behavior; and (c) facilitating more opportunities for interpersonal communication as a main driver of behavior change. We conclude with potential applications for practitioners interested in behavior change campaigns.

“Don't Suffer in Silence” — Applying the Integrated Model for Social Marketers to Campaigns Targeting Victims of Domestic Violence

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cismaru ◽  
Anne M. Lavack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Social Marketing Campaigns

We conducted a review and analysis of multicomponent social marketing campaigns targeting victims of domestic violence, which were gathered from a variety of websites in five English-speaking countries: United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. We examined the degree to which these campaigns conform to the Integrated Model for Social Marketers developed by Cismaru, Lavack, Hadjistavropoulos, and Dorsch (2008). This model describes the variables salient in each stage of behavioral change and provides a description of the most effective strategies for persuasion. Key recommendations for enhancing future initiatives targeting victims of domestic violence suggest that it is important to emphasize the benefits of changing, as well as to convince victims of domestic violence that they can improve their lives.

Social and Strategic Partnership in Marketing Contexts

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-145
Author(s):  
Bruno Barbosa Sousa ◽  
Filipe Sequeira Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Social Marketing Campaigns

Social and strategic marketing seeks to develop systematic marketing concepts with several approaches to influence behaviours that benefit individuals and society for the greater social good. Social marketing practice is guided by ethical issues. It seeks to integrate approach, best practice, theory, audience, and partnership insight to inform the delivery of competition-sensitive and segmented social change programmes that are effective, efficient, equitable, and sustainable. This case study concerns help2kids as a young and dynamic non-profit organization operating in Africa. The case study consists of reflection and discussion of the several practices, marketing strategies, social entrepreneurship topics, and multiple projects inherent to help2kids. Help2kids strives to allow children the pursuit of a better and more sustainable future. The authors intend to present different social marketing campaigns to promote behavioural change for the benefit of society and the strategies that have been followed to achieve the desired idea or behaviour.

scholarly journals The Use of Science Reflective Journal Writing by JAS Approach to Train Students Metacognitive Ability

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
Esky Purba Septina ◽  
Aditya Marianti ◽  
Talitha Widiatningrum
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Journal Writing ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Reflective Journal ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Metacognitive Ability

This research aims to train students’ metacognitive ability used Science Reflective Journal Writing by JAS approach on the material of reproductive system. This type of research was One shot case study which was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Pemalang. The subjects of this research were students of grade XI MIA 4 and XI MIA 5. The Independent variable of this research was Science reflective journal writing in problem-based learning by JAS approach, while dependent variables were metacognitive ability, activity and students’ cognitive learning results. The students’ metacognitive ability was measured by using observation sheets of students’ activity, discussion assessment sheets, and post-test questions. The results of analysis showed that the use of science reflective journal writing has good influence to train the students’ metacognitive ability. The students’ metacognitive ability of  SMA Negeri 2 Pemalang was included in good category which is 76% , it also gave an influence to cognitive learning result with mastery learn classical ≥ 75% and student activity with a range of 62.51% - 81.25% classified as active. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the students’ metacognitive ability at SMA Negeri 2 Pemalang for reproductive system material classified as good on the aspects of describing, interpreting, evaluating, planning, and also has good influence to the activity and students’ cognitive learning results on the material of reproductive system.

scholarly journals A Meta-analysis of the Uncanny Valley's Independent and Dependent Variables

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Alexander Diel ◽  
Sarah Weigelt ◽  
Karl F. Macdorman
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Independent Variable

The uncanny valley (UV) effect is a negative affective reaction to human-looking artificial entities. It hinders comfortable, trust-based interactions with android robots and virtual characters. Despite extensive research, a consensus has not formed on its theoretical basis or methodologies. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess operationalizations of human likeness (independent variable) and the UV effect (dependent variable). Of 468 studies, 72 met the inclusion criteria. These studies employed 10 different stimulus creation techniques, 39 affect measures, and 14 indirect measures. Based on 247 effect sizes, a three-level meta-analysis model revealed the UV effect had a large effect size, Hedges’ g = 1.01 [0.80, 1.22]. A mixed-effects meta-regression model with creation technique as the moderator variable revealed face distortion produced the largest effect size, g = 1.46 [0.69, 2.24], followed by distinct entities, g = 1.20 [1.02, 1.38], realism render, g = 0.99 [0.62, 1.36], and morphing, g = 0.94 [0.64, 1.24]. Affective indices producing the largest effects were threatening, likable, aesthetics, familiarity , and eeriness , and indirect measures were dislike frequency, categorization reaction time, like frequency, avoidance , and viewing duration . This meta-analysis—the first on the UV effect—provides a methodological foundation and design principles for future research.

The Orchard Plot: Cultivating a Forest Plot for Use in Ecology, Evolution and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nakagawa ◽  
Malgorzata Lagisz ◽  
Rose E O'Dea ◽  
Joanna Rutkowska ◽  
Yefeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
R Package ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Aggregate Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Heterogeneous Effect ◽  
Intuitive Interpretation

‘Classic’ forest plots show the effect sizes from individual studies and the aggregate effect from a meta-analysis. However, in ecology and evolution meta-analyses routinely contain over 100 effect sizes, making the classic forest plot of limited use. We surveyed 102 meta-analyses in ecology and evolution, finding that only 11% use the classic forest plot. Instead, most used a ‘forest-like plot’, showing point estimates (with 95% confidence intervals; CIs) from a series of subgroups or categories in a meta-regression. We propose a modification of the forest-like plot, which we name the ‘orchard plot’. Orchard plots, in addition to showing overall mean effects and CIs from meta-analyses/regressions, also includes 95% prediction intervals (PIs), and the individual effect sizes scaled by their precision. The PI allows the user and reader to see the range in which an effect size from a future study may be expected to fall. The PI, therefore, provides an intuitive interpretation of any heterogeneity in the data. Supplementing the PI, the inclusion of underlying effect sizes also allows the user to see any influential or outlying effect sizes. We showcase the orchard plot with example datasets from ecology and evolution, using the R package, orchard, including several functions for visualizing meta-analytic data using forest-plot derivatives. We consider the orchard plot as a variant on the classic forest plot, cultivated to the needs of meta-analysts in ecology and evolution. Hopefully, the orchard plot will prove fruitful for visualizing large collections of heterogeneous effect sizes regardless of the field of study.

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